This presentation provides an overview of biodiesel. It discusses that biodiesel is made from renewable bio products like vegetable oils and animal fats. It can be used in pure form or blended with petroleum diesel. The document then covers biodiesel blends, origins, applications including use in trains and aircraft, production levels, feedstocks used, the food vs fuel debate, and the biodiesel manufacturing process.
Palm olein from vegetable oil has gained attention as a new renewable energy source to substitute fossil diesel.
This work examines the technical potential of biodiesel produced from palm olein as gas turbine fule in Malaysia.
The studies which cover an investigation into the physical and chemical properties of blended palm olein/diesel oils.
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF DI DIESEL ENGINE WITH PREHEATING C...IAEME Publication
In this experimental investigation, the corn oil methyl ester (COME) was prepared by transesterification using corn oil, methyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst. The fuel properties of bio-diesel such as kinematic viscosity and specific gravity were found within limited of BIS standard. At different preheated temperatures of COME, the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with preheated bio-diesel were obtained and
compared with neat diesel.
Palm olein from vegetable oil has gained attention as a new renewable energy source to substitute fossil diesel.
This work examines the technical potential of biodiesel produced from palm olein as gas turbine fule in Malaysia.
The studies which cover an investigation into the physical and chemical properties of blended palm olein/diesel oils.
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTIC OF DI DIESEL ENGINE WITH PREHEATING C...IAEME Publication
In this experimental investigation, the corn oil methyl ester (COME) was prepared by transesterification using corn oil, methyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst. The fuel properties of bio-diesel such as kinematic viscosity and specific gravity were found within limited of BIS standard. At different preheated temperatures of COME, the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with preheated bio-diesel were obtained and
compared with neat diesel.
Bio Fuels
Classification of Bio Fuels
1st Generation Bio Fuels ,2nd Generation Bio Fuels , 3rd Generation Bio Fuels..............
All the generetions are Explained Widely........
Helpful content for Botany students , and new for them.
Prepared by : AFC Shah Zeb Khan
Student of CAF-I at ICAP's RAET PAC Lahore.
Also Student of BS Botany at University of Sargodha.
email : szkbkhan@gmail.com
In the 21st century, world’s fossil fuel energy sources are diminishing due to abundant utilization of the fossil fuels in the transportation sector & power generation sector& these fossil fuels cause severe environmental pollution. That’s why every country tries to explore renewable energy sources which are more energy efficient & environmental friendly.
In the declining world of petroleum reserves and environmental issues, production of bio-diesel from natural resources is an important alternative to the natural oil to meet energy crisis. Bio-diesel production from jatropha is less expensive method yet useful and environmental friendly. Jatropha is a bush that grows in regions around the equator. It is having a significant characteristic of blooming and fruiting without using enough moisture in tropical regions. The plantation cost per hectare inclusive of site preparation, plant, material, maintenance for one year, overheads etc. shall be in the tune of rupees 30,000 to 35,000 per hector. From 1Kg seeds of jatropha a little over 300ml. of biodiesel can be produced.
The presentation covers,
- Motivation
- Solution of the Problem
- Bio-diesel from Jatropha
- Feasibility
- Production Trends
- Demand
- Process Selection
- Benefits and Application
Slides from my presentation about social media in sports for European universities at the 17th Conference of Enas, European Network for Academic Sport Services.
About a diverse social media landscape, efficiency in social media marketing and tips & trics for the most frequent mistakes in social media marketing for sports.
Er wordt veel over gezegd, en niet enkel dat het een krachtig nieuw communicatiemedium is. Sommigen zien er weinig brood in en halen het kleine aantal gebruikers aan. En laat net dat de kracht zijn van Twitter: haar hechte gemeenschap.
Het medium kent meer regels dan de meeste platformen. Er is de manier van schrijven (140 tekens en allerlei specifieke codetaal), het verwerven van en omgaan met volgers… Een investering die je een sterk netwerk kan opleveren, en actieve medestanders in de verspreiding van je boodschap.
What It Is and How It Is Made
Learn the basics of biodiesel including biodiesel markets and benefits, production technologies, quality control, distribution and storage issues. A replay of the actual lecture can be found at: www.pccbusiness.com/green
biofuels, first and second generation biofuels, their history, biodiesel, mass production, applications, properties, fuel efficiency, emissions, material compatibility, availability and prices
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
2. INTRODUCTION
Bio diesel as the name suggests is a type of diesel that is being
made from the bio products , and these products are a
renewable sources of energy
Bio diesel can be used in pure form (B100) or may be blended with
petroleum diesel at any concentration in most modern diesel
engines. Bio diesel has different solvent properties than petroleum
diesel, and will degrade natural rubber gaskets and hoses in
vehicles
3. BIODIESEL
Bio diesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of
short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by trans esteri fication
of vegetable oil, which can be used (alone, or blended with
conventional petroleum diesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles.
Bio diesel is distinguished from the straight vegetable oil (SVO) used
(alone, or blended) as fuels in some converted diesel vehicles.
Following are some of its features:
1. Blends
2. Origin
3. Applications
4.Railroad use
5.Aircraft use
4. 6.Historical background
7.Availibility and prices
8.Production
9.Bio diesel manufacturing process
10. Production levels
11. Bio diesel feed stock
12. Quantity of feed stocks required
13. Main article: food v s fuel
14. Bio diesel manufacturing process
15. Camparisn of efficiency for different techniques
6. Blends:
Blends of bio diesel and conventional hydrocarbon-based diesel
are products most commonly distributed for use in the retail diesel
fuel marketplace. Much of the world uses a system known as the
"B" factor to state the amount of bio diesel in any fuel mix: fuel
containing 20% bio diesel is labeled B20, while pure bio diesel is
referred to as B100. It is common to see B99, since 1% petroleum
diesel is sufficiently toxic to retard mold. Blends of 20 percent bio
diesel with 80 percent petroleum diesel (B20) can generally be
used in unmodified diesel engines.
7. Origin:
On August 31, 1937, G. Chavanne of the University of Brussels
(Belgium) was granted a patent for a 'Procedure for the
transformation of vegetable oils for their uses as fuels' Belgian
Patent 422,877. This patent described the alcoholysis of vegetable
oils using ethanol (and mentions methanol) in order to separate
the fatty acids from the glycerol by replacing the glycerol with short
linear alcohols.
8. Applications
Bio diesel can be used in pure form (B100) or may be blended with
petroleum diesel at any concentration in most modern diesel engines.
Bio diesel has been known to break down deposits of residue in the
fuel lines where petroleum diesel has been used. As a result, fuel
filters may become clogged with particulates if a quick transition to
pure bio diesel is made. Therefore, it is recommended to change the
fuel filters on engines and heaters shortly after first swi Distribution
Bio diesel use and production are increasing rapidly. Fueling stations
make bio diesel readily available to consumers across Europe, and
increasingly in the USA and Canada. Bio diesel is often more
expensive to purchase than petroleum diesel but this is expected to
diminish due to economies of scale and agricultural subsidies versus
the rising cost of petroleum as reserves are depleted.
11. Railroad use:
The British businessman Richard Branson's Virgin
Voyager train, number 220007 Thames Voyager, billed
as the world's first "bio diesel train" was converted to run
on 80% petroleum diesel and only 20% bio diesel, and it
is claimed it will save 14% on direct emissions
Aircraft use:
The world's first bio fuel-powered commercial aircraft took off
from London's Heathrow Airport on February 24, 2008 and
touched down in Amsterdam on a demonstration flight hailed as
a first step towards "cleaner" flying
12. Historical background:
Trans esterification of a vegetable oil was conducted as early as 1853 by
scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick, many years before the first diesel engine
became functional. Rudolf Diesel's prime model, a single 10 ft (3 m) iron
cylinder with a flywheel at its base, ran on its own power for the first time in
Augsburg, Germany, on August 10, 1893. In remembrance of this event,
August 10 has been declared "International Bio diesel Day".
13. Availability and prices:
In some countries bio diesel is less expensive than conventional
diesel.
For more details on this topic, see Bio diesel around the World.
Global bio diesel production reached 3.8 million tons in 2005.
Approximately 85% of bio diesel production came from the
European Union.
In the United States, average retail (at the pump) prices,
including Federal and state fuel taxes, of B2/B5 are lower than
petroleum diesel by about 12 cents, and B20 blends are the
same as petrodiesel.[23] B99 and B100 generally cost more
than petroleum diesel except where local governments provide a
subsidy.
14. Production:
Bio diesel is commonly produced by the trans ester ification of the
vegetable oil or animal fat feedstock. There are several methods for
carrying out this trans ester ification reaction including the common
batch process, supercritical processes, ultrasonic methods, and even
microwave methods
15. Bio diesel Manufacturing Process :
An oil mill is designed to efficiently, mechanically extract by full
pressing the oil from canola. The efficiency and performance of oil
extraction with screw presses is highly dependent on the condition of
the raw material
The whole canola seed is first cleaned and then pre-heated in a
conditioner to allow the seeds to be flaked in preparation for further
cooking. The flaking helps in the rupturing of the oil cells. It improves
the efficiencies in the next steps of the crushing process, and if
available, the solvent extraction.
18. Production levels:
Bio diesel production capacity is growing rapidly, with an average
annual growth rate from 2002-2006 of over 40% [27]. For the year
2006, the latest for which actual production figures could be
obtained, total world bio diesel production was about 5-6 million
tonnes, with 4.9 million tonnes processed in Europe (of which 2.7
million tonnes was from Germany) and most of the rest from the
USA
19. Bio diesel feed stocks:
Soybeans are used as a source of bio diesel Plant oils
Olive oil
Types
Vegetable fats(list)
Essential oil (list)
Macerated (list)
Uses
Drying oil - Oil paint
Cooking oil
Fuel – Bio diesel
Aromatherapy
Components
Saturated fat
Monounsaturated fat
Polyunsaturated fat
Trans fat
20. Quantity of feed stocks required:
Worldwide production of vegetable oil and animal fat is
not yet sufficient to replace liquid fossil fuel use
The estimated transportation diesel fuel and home
heating oil used in the United States is about 160 million
ton n e s
]. In the United States, estimated production of
vegetable oil for all uses is about 11 million ton n e s (24
billion pounds) and estimated production of animal fat is
5.3 million ton n e s
21. Main article: Food v s fuel:
Food quality vegetable oil has become so expensive there is
no longer a profit viability for its use. Food grade vegetable
oil pricing is on a similar upward ramp as food in general.
Accessing food stuffs in poor countries has always been
problematic for the inhabitants. Non food grade vegetable
oils are under use or consideration for use to make bio diesel
and have been so during the entire history of bio diesel