This document discusses biodiesel, including its history, definition, applications, advantages, disadvantages, and future potential. It provides a case study on using microalgae for biodiesel production in Iran. The key points are:
1) Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils or animal fats through a process called transesterification. It can be used in many vehicles and applications as a replacement for or blended with petroleum diesel.
2) Advantages include being renewable and less polluting, while disadvantages include higher costs and infrastructure requirements.
3) Future potential lies in genetically engineering microalgae which can produce high oil yields without affecting food supplies or requiring much land. A case
The document discusses biodiesel, including what it is, how it is made through transesterification, its properties, benefits over petroleum diesel such as lower emissions and biodegradability, common blend ratios, applications in vehicles such as buses and trains as well as potential in aircraft, and examples of biodiesel use in Pakistan including plans to blend it with diesel. Historical background of biodiesel and research opportunities are also mentioned.
This document discusses biodiesel production from algae. It begins by listing the group members and their student IDs working on the project. It then provides classifications of different energy sources and types of biofuels such as biodiesel and ethanol. The document discusses the benefits of algae biodiesel including higher oil yields from algae per acre than traditional crops, adaptability to grow in different environments without competing for food sources, and ability to capture carbon dioxide. It provides details on how to produce biodiesel from algae through cultivating algae, extracting the oil, and processing it through transesterification. Finally, it estimates the cost of a pilot biodiesel from algae project to be approximately 20,
1) Algal biodiesel has several advantages over traditional biodiesel sources like corn or soybeans, as algae can produce significantly higher oil yields per acre and does not require valuable agricultural land.
2) There are three main methods to extract oil from algae for biodiesel production - pressing, chemical extraction using solvents like hexane, and supercritical CO2 extraction which is the most efficient but also the most expensive.
3) The oil extracted from algae can be converted into biodiesel fuel through a process called transesterification, where the algal oil reacts with ethanol and a catalyst to produce biodiesel and glycerol.
This document discusses various types of biofuels including their production processes and applications. It begins by introducing biofuels and explaining that they are fuels produced from biomass sources. It then discusses different types of biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and bio-oil. For each type, it provides details on the production process, feedstocks used, and applications. The document also covers advantages and disadvantages of biofuels compared to fossil fuels and highlights some of the major research needs and issues around biofuels such as potential competition with food production.
Biofuels are fuels produced from biological sources such as agricultural waste, sugarcane, corn, and algae. They include bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas. Biofuels offer advantages like reducing dependence on fossil fuels, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing foreign oil reliance. However, they also have disadvantages like potentially higher food prices and shortages if too much cropland is used for fuel production rather than food. Common biofuels include bioethanol from sugar cane or corn fermentation, biodiesel from vegetable or animal fats, and biogas from organic waste digestion.
The document discusses using microalgae to produce biodiesel as a renewable alternative fuel. Microalgae have advantages over other biodiesel feedstocks like seed oils in that they do not require arable land, can use brackish or saline water, and absorb more CO2. While open ponds are commonly used, they have issues with contamination, evaporation and land use. The aim is to use microalgae for high and cost-effective biodiesel production to address declining fossil fuels and global warming without competing with food supplies.
The substitution of fuels known as fossil or traditional, derived from petroleum represents one of the great challenges facing humanity currently. One of the alternatives is to replace the diesel oil using the production of biodiesel. This is a renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils (edible or inedible, new or used) and animal fats that have properties similar to oil.
Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and animal fats through a chemical process. It can be used in diesel engines and vehicles alone or blended with petrodiesel. Biodiesel produces lower emissions than petrodiesel, reducing harmful emissions like particulate matter, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and decreasing the carcinogenic properties of diesel. However, biodiesel may increase nitrogen oxide emissions slightly. Biodiesel is more biodegradable than petrodiesel and is considered more environmentally friendly.
The document discusses biodiesel, including what it is, how it is made through transesterification, its properties, benefits over petroleum diesel such as lower emissions and biodegradability, common blend ratios, applications in vehicles such as buses and trains as well as potential in aircraft, and examples of biodiesel use in Pakistan including plans to blend it with diesel. Historical background of biodiesel and research opportunities are also mentioned.
This document discusses biodiesel production from algae. It begins by listing the group members and their student IDs working on the project. It then provides classifications of different energy sources and types of biofuels such as biodiesel and ethanol. The document discusses the benefits of algae biodiesel including higher oil yields from algae per acre than traditional crops, adaptability to grow in different environments without competing for food sources, and ability to capture carbon dioxide. It provides details on how to produce biodiesel from algae through cultivating algae, extracting the oil, and processing it through transesterification. Finally, it estimates the cost of a pilot biodiesel from algae project to be approximately 20,
1) Algal biodiesel has several advantages over traditional biodiesel sources like corn or soybeans, as algae can produce significantly higher oil yields per acre and does not require valuable agricultural land.
2) There are three main methods to extract oil from algae for biodiesel production - pressing, chemical extraction using solvents like hexane, and supercritical CO2 extraction which is the most efficient but also the most expensive.
3) The oil extracted from algae can be converted into biodiesel fuel through a process called transesterification, where the algal oil reacts with ethanol and a catalyst to produce biodiesel and glycerol.
This document discusses various types of biofuels including their production processes and applications. It begins by introducing biofuels and explaining that they are fuels produced from biomass sources. It then discusses different types of biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and bio-oil. For each type, it provides details on the production process, feedstocks used, and applications. The document also covers advantages and disadvantages of biofuels compared to fossil fuels and highlights some of the major research needs and issues around biofuels such as potential competition with food production.
Biofuels are fuels produced from biological sources such as agricultural waste, sugarcane, corn, and algae. They include bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas. Biofuels offer advantages like reducing dependence on fossil fuels, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing foreign oil reliance. However, they also have disadvantages like potentially higher food prices and shortages if too much cropland is used for fuel production rather than food. Common biofuels include bioethanol from sugar cane or corn fermentation, biodiesel from vegetable or animal fats, and biogas from organic waste digestion.
The document discusses using microalgae to produce biodiesel as a renewable alternative fuel. Microalgae have advantages over other biodiesel feedstocks like seed oils in that they do not require arable land, can use brackish or saline water, and absorb more CO2. While open ponds are commonly used, they have issues with contamination, evaporation and land use. The aim is to use microalgae for high and cost-effective biodiesel production to address declining fossil fuels and global warming without competing with food supplies.
The substitution of fuels known as fossil or traditional, derived from petroleum represents one of the great challenges facing humanity currently. One of the alternatives is to replace the diesel oil using the production of biodiesel. This is a renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils (edible or inedible, new or used) and animal fats that have properties similar to oil.
Biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and animal fats through a chemical process. It can be used in diesel engines and vehicles alone or blended with petrodiesel. Biodiesel produces lower emissions than petrodiesel, reducing harmful emissions like particulate matter, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and decreasing the carcinogenic properties of diesel. However, biodiesel may increase nitrogen oxide emissions slightly. Biodiesel is more biodegradable than petrodiesel and is considered more environmentally friendly.
This document discusses various types of fuels and focuses on biofuels as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. It provides information on:
- Biofuels, which are made from organic matter, as a renewable option compared to finite fossil fuels. Common types include biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas.
- Jatropha and algae as feedstocks for biodiesel production, with details on jatropha cultivation and a biodiesel plant.
- Benefits of biodiesel such as reduced emissions, biodegradability, and energy security. India's initiatives to promote the use of biofuels are also mentioned.
- Biogas production through anaerobic digestion
The document summarizes various processes for biodiesel production, with a focus on transesterification. It describes four main methods - pyrolysis, micro-emulsification, dilution, and transesterification. Transesterification, which is the reaction of triglycerides with alcohol in the presence of an acid or base catalyst, is identified as the most common industrial process. The key steps of transesterification including catalyst selection, reaction conditions, and separation of biodiesel and glycerol are outlined. Post-production processes like refining, washing, drying and additive treatment are also summarized to purify the biodiesel and meet fuel standards.
This presentation discusses biofuels as an alternative renewable energy source. It begins by outlining the global energy crisis and increasing demand for energy. The presentation then defines biofuels as fuels derived from biological resources like plant biomass. Biofuels are presented as a way to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. The main types of biofuels discussed are biodiesel, bioalcohol, vegetable oils, biogas, and syngas. Advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel production and use are also summarized.
A ground reality about biodiesel with India-specific focus, this presentation talks about the if's and but's of biodiesel production in India using Jatropha at this hour of the fuel crisis.
This document provides information on producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil. It discusses how petroleum fuels have been the major energy source but are being depleted. Alternative energy sources like biodiesel from biomass and waste are increasingly important. The document outlines objectives to design a small-scale biodiesel production plant using waste cooking oil and an ultrasonic reactor. It describes the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from oils using alkali catalysts. A local survey finds restaurants use an average of 11 liters of oil per day but leave 7 liters after use. Based on this, the document estimates that from one city per year, over 52,000 liters of used cooking oil could be converted to
This document reviews biodiesel production methods using chemical and biological catalysts. Biodiesel can be produced via transesterification, where triglycerides from oils react with alcohol to form esters and glycerol. This reaction is catalyzed by acids, bases, or enzymes. Key process variables that affect conversion rates include the type of catalyst, substrate, temperature, solvent, molar ratios, and glycerol byproduct removal. While base catalysis is most common, acid and enzyme methods allow processing of low-quality feedstocks. Alternative acyl acceptors like methyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate also show promise. Overall, optimizing catalysts, substrates, and process conditions can improve biodiesel
This document discusses different types of fuels, including solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. It focuses on biofuels, describing them as fuels derived from biological carbon fixation. Biofuels include biodiesel, produced from vegetable oils through transesterification, biogas produced from organic waste through anaerobic digestion, and bioethanol. The document discusses the history and production of these biofuels, their advantages like being renewable and reducing emissions, and disadvantages like high production costs. It also outlines India's national biofuel policy and the drivers for biofuel production in the country.
A powerpoint presentation on biofuels . Application , manufacture , advantages and disadvantages of biofuels also included . Presentation based on sustainable devolopment . A useful powerpoint presentation for engineering students . GO GREEN . Thank you .
Biodiesel is an elective fuel like regular or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be delivered from straight vegetable oil, creature oil/fats, fat and waste cooking oil. The procedure used to change over these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This procedure is depicted in more detail beneath. The biggest conceivable wellspring of appropriate oil originates from oil yields, for example, rapeseed, palm or soybean. In the UK rapeseed speaks to the best potential for biodiesel creation. Most biodiesel created at present is delivered from squander vegetable oil sourced from eateries, chip shops, modern nourishment makers, for example, Birdseye and so forth. Despite the fact that oil directly from the horticultural business speaks to the best potential source it isn't being delivered economically essentially in light of the fact that the crude oil is excessively costly. After the expense of changing over it to biodiesel has been included it is basically too costly to even think about competing with fossil diesel. Squander vegetable oil can regularly be sourced for nothing or sourced effectively treated at a little cost.
This document discusses plant-based biofuels and their potential for rural community development. It provides background on biofuels and their production. Specifically, it discusses how small-scale biodiesel production through community groups growing crops like jatropha can provide rural electrification, improve agriculture, create jobs, and empower women in developing countries. The document advocates for pilot projects in rural communities that mobilize groups to plant crops and establish small biodiesel plants and microfinance programs.
This document discusses biodiesel, its history and production process. It begins by defining biodiesel as a fuel made from oils and fats that can be used directly in diesel engines or blended with diesel. It then discusses biodiesel's origins in Rudolf Diesel's intent for his engine to run on peanut oil. The document outlines the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from triglycerides and methanol. It notes the challenges of sourcing feedstocks and developing technologies to handle multiple feedstock types for biodiesel production.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on producing biodiesel from Jatropha seeds. It introduces Jatropha as a drought-resistant shrub that can grow in poor soils and produce oil-containing seeds for 30-40 years. The objectives are to find an alternative fuel for engines as energy sources are decreasing. The methodology discussed is transesterification, the process used to reduce the viscosity of Jatropha and other vegetable oils to make them suitable for use in diesel engines. The document outlines the processing steps, advantages like providing a renewable domestic fuel, and disadvantages such as current low production levels. It concludes that blending 20% Jatropha biodiesel with diesel could save India 7.3 million tonnes
Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermenting carbohydrates from plants like corn or sugarcane. It can be used as a gasoline substitute. Bioethanol has lower energy content than gasoline but has higher octane numbers. It is produced through processes like sugar or starch fermentation. While bioethanol reduces greenhouse gases, there are concerns about food prices and land use. Future development focuses on using non-food feedstocks like cellulosic biomass.
Group 3 consists of M. Waqas Haider, Hassan Naeem, Asma Sattar, and Bukhtawer khusnood. The document discusses different types of biofuels including their sources and production methods. It covers first, second, and third generation biofuels. First generation biofuels include biodiesel from oils, bioalcohols like ethanol from sugars/starches, biogas, and syngas. Second generation biofuels are produced from non-edible biomass like agricultural waste. Third generation biofuels use algae and microbes as feedstock.
Biodiesel is most commonly a mono-ester of methanol produced through a process called transesterification, where a basic catalyst breaks fatty acids from glycerin and bonds them with methanol to form biodiesel. It has a slightly lower energy density than petrodiesel but offers environmental benefits such as reduced emissions and less reliance on foreign oil imports. Biodiesel production is important as it provides a renewable fuel that can be used directly in unmodified diesel engines, helping energy independence, economic growth, and cleaner air with less global warming.
Biofuels were first used by ancient people and have increased in popularity due to rising oil prices and the need for energy security. Biofuels can be made from biomass sources like sugarcane, maize, jatropha plants, and more. Ethanol is commonly made from sugarcane and is used as fuel in Brazil. Jatropha is a non-edible oilseed plant used to produce biodiesel and grows well in marginal lands. India aims to replace 20% of its diesel with jatropha biodiesel by promoting large-scale jatropha cultivation. Biotechnology advances may enhance biofuel production through genetic modification of energy crops.
The document discusses first generation biofuels. First generation biofuels are derived from sources like starch, sugar, vegetable oils, and animal fats using conventional techniques. Some examples given are ethanol, biodiesel from vegetable oils, and biogas. While they provided early alternatives to fossil fuels, first generation biofuels face sustainability challenges as they compete with food production and may not provide significant environmental benefits over fossil fuels. Future research focuses on second and third generation biofuels from non-food sources like lignocellulosic biomass and algae.
This document discusses biodiesel production from algae. It outlines that algae can be grown through open pond systems or closed photo bioreactors to produce lipids and oils. The oils can then be extracted from the algae through pressing, chemical extraction using hexane, or supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide. These extracted oils are then converted to biodiesel via transesterification reaction with alcohol. Algae biodiesel production offers advantages like high oil yields without competing for land, but drawbacks include higher costs than standard diesel and issues with low temperatures. Further research is still needed to fully unlock the potential of algae for biodiesel production.
Biodiesel was invented over 100 years ago by Rudolf Diesel. It is made from vegetable oils or animal fats through a process called transesterification. Biodiesel can be used in many applications such as vehicles, ships, generators and more. While it has advantages like being renewable and less polluting, it also has disadvantages like being more expensive. Future sources of biodiesel include algae, fungi, and waste materials. Genetically engineering microalgae shows promise for large-scale biodiesel production. Iran is researching microalgae from its salt lakes as a renewable source of biodiesel to replace depleting oil reserves.
This document provides an overview of biodiesel, including its history, definition, applications, advantages, disadvantages, sources, the future potential of microalgae biodiesel, and a case study on biodiesel production in Iran. Key points include that biodiesel can be used in many applications as a replacement for petroleum diesel, has environmental benefits but higher costs than petroleum diesel, and that genetic engineering of microalgae shows promise for future biodiesel production due to microalgae's high oil content and ability to be grown on non-arable land or in saline waters. The case study highlights research in Iran on using native microalgae from salt lakes for biodiesel production.
This document discusses various types of fuels and focuses on biofuels as a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. It provides information on:
- Biofuels, which are made from organic matter, as a renewable option compared to finite fossil fuels. Common types include biodiesel, bioethanol, and biogas.
- Jatropha and algae as feedstocks for biodiesel production, with details on jatropha cultivation and a biodiesel plant.
- Benefits of biodiesel such as reduced emissions, biodegradability, and energy security. India's initiatives to promote the use of biofuels are also mentioned.
- Biogas production through anaerobic digestion
The document summarizes various processes for biodiesel production, with a focus on transesterification. It describes four main methods - pyrolysis, micro-emulsification, dilution, and transesterification. Transesterification, which is the reaction of triglycerides with alcohol in the presence of an acid or base catalyst, is identified as the most common industrial process. The key steps of transesterification including catalyst selection, reaction conditions, and separation of biodiesel and glycerol are outlined. Post-production processes like refining, washing, drying and additive treatment are also summarized to purify the biodiesel and meet fuel standards.
This presentation discusses biofuels as an alternative renewable energy source. It begins by outlining the global energy crisis and increasing demand for energy. The presentation then defines biofuels as fuels derived from biological resources like plant biomass. Biofuels are presented as a way to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. The main types of biofuels discussed are biodiesel, bioalcohol, vegetable oils, biogas, and syngas. Advantages and disadvantages of biodiesel production and use are also summarized.
A ground reality about biodiesel with India-specific focus, this presentation talks about the if's and but's of biodiesel production in India using Jatropha at this hour of the fuel crisis.
This document provides information on producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil. It discusses how petroleum fuels have been the major energy source but are being depleted. Alternative energy sources like biodiesel from biomass and waste are increasingly important. The document outlines objectives to design a small-scale biodiesel production plant using waste cooking oil and an ultrasonic reactor. It describes the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from oils using alkali catalysts. A local survey finds restaurants use an average of 11 liters of oil per day but leave 7 liters after use. Based on this, the document estimates that from one city per year, over 52,000 liters of used cooking oil could be converted to
This document reviews biodiesel production methods using chemical and biological catalysts. Biodiesel can be produced via transesterification, where triglycerides from oils react with alcohol to form esters and glycerol. This reaction is catalyzed by acids, bases, or enzymes. Key process variables that affect conversion rates include the type of catalyst, substrate, temperature, solvent, molar ratios, and glycerol byproduct removal. While base catalysis is most common, acid and enzyme methods allow processing of low-quality feedstocks. Alternative acyl acceptors like methyl acetate and dimethyl carbonate also show promise. Overall, optimizing catalysts, substrates, and process conditions can improve biodiesel
This document discusses different types of fuels, including solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels. It focuses on biofuels, describing them as fuels derived from biological carbon fixation. Biofuels include biodiesel, produced from vegetable oils through transesterification, biogas produced from organic waste through anaerobic digestion, and bioethanol. The document discusses the history and production of these biofuels, their advantages like being renewable and reducing emissions, and disadvantages like high production costs. It also outlines India's national biofuel policy and the drivers for biofuel production in the country.
A powerpoint presentation on biofuels . Application , manufacture , advantages and disadvantages of biofuels also included . Presentation based on sustainable devolopment . A useful powerpoint presentation for engineering students . GO GREEN . Thank you .
Biodiesel is an elective fuel like regular or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be delivered from straight vegetable oil, creature oil/fats, fat and waste cooking oil. The procedure used to change over these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This procedure is depicted in more detail beneath. The biggest conceivable wellspring of appropriate oil originates from oil yields, for example, rapeseed, palm or soybean. In the UK rapeseed speaks to the best potential for biodiesel creation. Most biodiesel created at present is delivered from squander vegetable oil sourced from eateries, chip shops, modern nourishment makers, for example, Birdseye and so forth. Despite the fact that oil directly from the horticultural business speaks to the best potential source it isn't being delivered economically essentially in light of the fact that the crude oil is excessively costly. After the expense of changing over it to biodiesel has been included it is basically too costly to even think about competing with fossil diesel. Squander vegetable oil can regularly be sourced for nothing or sourced effectively treated at a little cost.
This document discusses plant-based biofuels and their potential for rural community development. It provides background on biofuels and their production. Specifically, it discusses how small-scale biodiesel production through community groups growing crops like jatropha can provide rural electrification, improve agriculture, create jobs, and empower women in developing countries. The document advocates for pilot projects in rural communities that mobilize groups to plant crops and establish small biodiesel plants and microfinance programs.
This document discusses biodiesel, its history and production process. It begins by defining biodiesel as a fuel made from oils and fats that can be used directly in diesel engines or blended with diesel. It then discusses biodiesel's origins in Rudolf Diesel's intent for his engine to run on peanut oil. The document outlines the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from triglycerides and methanol. It notes the challenges of sourcing feedstocks and developing technologies to handle multiple feedstock types for biodiesel production.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on producing biodiesel from Jatropha seeds. It introduces Jatropha as a drought-resistant shrub that can grow in poor soils and produce oil-containing seeds for 30-40 years. The objectives are to find an alternative fuel for engines as energy sources are decreasing. The methodology discussed is transesterification, the process used to reduce the viscosity of Jatropha and other vegetable oils to make them suitable for use in diesel engines. The document outlines the processing steps, advantages like providing a renewable domestic fuel, and disadvantages such as current low production levels. It concludes that blending 20% Jatropha biodiesel with diesel could save India 7.3 million tonnes
Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermenting carbohydrates from plants like corn or sugarcane. It can be used as a gasoline substitute. Bioethanol has lower energy content than gasoline but has higher octane numbers. It is produced through processes like sugar or starch fermentation. While bioethanol reduces greenhouse gases, there are concerns about food prices and land use. Future development focuses on using non-food feedstocks like cellulosic biomass.
Group 3 consists of M. Waqas Haider, Hassan Naeem, Asma Sattar, and Bukhtawer khusnood. The document discusses different types of biofuels including their sources and production methods. It covers first, second, and third generation biofuels. First generation biofuels include biodiesel from oils, bioalcohols like ethanol from sugars/starches, biogas, and syngas. Second generation biofuels are produced from non-edible biomass like agricultural waste. Third generation biofuels use algae and microbes as feedstock.
Biodiesel is most commonly a mono-ester of methanol produced through a process called transesterification, where a basic catalyst breaks fatty acids from glycerin and bonds them with methanol to form biodiesel. It has a slightly lower energy density than petrodiesel but offers environmental benefits such as reduced emissions and less reliance on foreign oil imports. Biodiesel production is important as it provides a renewable fuel that can be used directly in unmodified diesel engines, helping energy independence, economic growth, and cleaner air with less global warming.
Biofuels were first used by ancient people and have increased in popularity due to rising oil prices and the need for energy security. Biofuels can be made from biomass sources like sugarcane, maize, jatropha plants, and more. Ethanol is commonly made from sugarcane and is used as fuel in Brazil. Jatropha is a non-edible oilseed plant used to produce biodiesel and grows well in marginal lands. India aims to replace 20% of its diesel with jatropha biodiesel by promoting large-scale jatropha cultivation. Biotechnology advances may enhance biofuel production through genetic modification of energy crops.
The document discusses first generation biofuels. First generation biofuels are derived from sources like starch, sugar, vegetable oils, and animal fats using conventional techniques. Some examples given are ethanol, biodiesel from vegetable oils, and biogas. While they provided early alternatives to fossil fuels, first generation biofuels face sustainability challenges as they compete with food production and may not provide significant environmental benefits over fossil fuels. Future research focuses on second and third generation biofuels from non-food sources like lignocellulosic biomass and algae.
This document discusses biodiesel production from algae. It outlines that algae can be grown through open pond systems or closed photo bioreactors to produce lipids and oils. The oils can then be extracted from the algae through pressing, chemical extraction using hexane, or supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide. These extracted oils are then converted to biodiesel via transesterification reaction with alcohol. Algae biodiesel production offers advantages like high oil yields without competing for land, but drawbacks include higher costs than standard diesel and issues with low temperatures. Further research is still needed to fully unlock the potential of algae for biodiesel production.
Biodiesel was invented over 100 years ago by Rudolf Diesel. It is made from vegetable oils or animal fats through a process called transesterification. Biodiesel can be used in many applications such as vehicles, ships, generators and more. While it has advantages like being renewable and less polluting, it also has disadvantages like being more expensive. Future sources of biodiesel include algae, fungi, and waste materials. Genetically engineering microalgae shows promise for large-scale biodiesel production. Iran is researching microalgae from its salt lakes as a renewable source of biodiesel to replace depleting oil reserves.
This document provides an overview of biodiesel, including its history, definition, applications, advantages, disadvantages, sources, the future potential of microalgae biodiesel, and a case study on biodiesel production in Iran. Key points include that biodiesel can be used in many applications as a replacement for petroleum diesel, has environmental benefits but higher costs than petroleum diesel, and that genetic engineering of microalgae shows promise for future biodiesel production due to microalgae's high oil content and ability to be grown on non-arable land or in saline waters. The case study highlights research in Iran on using native microalgae from salt lakes for biodiesel production.
In this world of concerns regarding depletion of fossil fuels, pollution control and other factors leading to threat of man kind survival a way of producing biodiesel from algae which can be a source of alternative fuel. Lots of methods and sources being used for producing biodiesel but from algae one can produce high amount of biodiesel depending on the type of species or strain selected and this way this is a viable and feasible method to produce biodiesel.....
Zero waste water treatment and biofuel productioniqraakbar8
A number of studies have reported successful cultivation of several species of microalgae such as Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Phormidium, Botryococcus, Chlamydomonas, and Arthrospira for wastewater treatment and the efficacy of this method is promising
The document is a midterm presentation on bio-fuels prepared by a group of students for their EEE department. It defines biofuels as fuels produced from biomass in a short period of time. It discusses various types of biofuels including ethanol, vegetable oil, and biogas. It classifies biofuels into first generation made from food crops and second generation from non-food biomass. The presentation covers biofuel production methods, advantages like renewability and disadvantages like impacts on food security. It concludes by discussing Bangladesh's potential to produce biofuels from native plants to reduce fuel imports and encourage further sustainable renewable energy development.
You can understand about-
What is Bio Fuel?
Why we use it?
Examples of Bio Fuel.
Life cycle & Classification of Bio Fuel.
Current States of Bio Fuel.
Future of it.
Disadvantages of Bio Fuel.
This document provides an overview of biofuels, including their classifications, sources, and production processes. It discusses various food crops that can be used for biofuel production, such as sugarcane, maize, rice, and mustard. It also covers non-food biofuel crops like jatropha. The document outlines the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from oils. It discusses the benefits of biofuels but also notes concerns about their impact on food security and competition for land and water resources.
The document discusses using algae for biofuel production through heterotrophic growth. It notes that some companies are establishing infrastructure for heterotrophic algae growth, which does not require sunlight. The key advantages are that heterotrophic algae growth requires less space, allows for higher cell concentrations, and offers more control over the feedstock and resulting fuel properties compared to photosynthetic growth. The document also outlines methods for pyrolysis of algae and notes that algae oils can have applications beyond fuel such as in personal care products, surfactants, and more.
A variety of fuels can be made from biomassi resources including the liquid fuels ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, Fischer-Tropsch diesel, and gaseous fuels such as hydrogen and methane. Biofuels research and development is composed of three main areas: producing the fuels, applications and uses of the fuels, and distribution infrastructure.
Biofuels are primarily used to fuel vehicles, but can also fuel engines or fuel cells for electricity generation. For information about the use of biofuels in vehicles, see the Alternative Fuel Vehicle page under Vehicles. See the Vehicles page for information about the biofuels distribution infrastructure. See the Hydrogen and Fuel Cells page for more information about hydrogen as a fuel.
Reduction of CO2 And Production of Biodiesel From AlgaeNayanGaykwad
The use of energy sources has reached at the level that whole world is relying on it. Being the major
source of energy, fuels are considered the most important. The fear of diminishing the available sources
thirst towards biofuel production has increased during last decades. Considering the food problems,
algae gain the most attention to be used as biofuel producers. The use of crop and food-producing plants
will never be a best fit into the priorities for biofuel production as they will disturb the food needs.
Different types of algae having the different production abilities. Normally algae have 20% to 80% oil
contents that could be converted into different types of fuels such as kerosene oil and biodiesel. The
diesel production from algae is economical and easy. Gene technology can be used to enhance the
production of oil and biodiesel contents and stability of algae. By increasing the genetic expressions, we
can find the ways to achieve the required biofuel amounts easily and continuously to overcome the fuels
deficiency. The present review article focusses on the role of algae as a possible substitute for fossil fuel as
an ideal biofuel reactant.
Biodiesel can be produced from various feedstocks like vegetable oils, animal fats, and microalgae. The document discusses biodiesel production from jatropha seeds and microalgae. Jatropha oil is extracted from seeds and converted to biodiesel via transesterification. Companies like Labland have developed high-yielding jatropha varieties. Microalgae are also a promising source of oil for biodiesel production via extraction and transesterification. Research is ongoing to develop sustainable and cost-effective biodiesel production methods.
There are significant biological, chemical, and mechanical engineering challenges to the commercialization of algae energy. Some of the key challenges include strain selection, maximizing photosynthetic efficiency, increasing lipid production, devising efficient fermentation processes, reducing the costs of harvesting, drying, and extracting oil from algae, and scaling up cultivation, harvesting, and processing systems in a cost-effective manner. Overcoming these challenges will be necessary for algae energy to become economically viable.
The document discusses producing biodiesel from microalgae as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based diesel. It outlines the energy crisis facing depletion of fossil fuels and highlights advantages of microalgae for biodiesel production, including fast growth rate and high oil yield. The document then covers cultivation systems, harvesting methods, oil extraction processes from algae, and biodiesel production via transesterification. It also notes challenges to commercialization and potential future improvements through genetic engineering of algae strains.
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Biodiesel
1.
2. Table of contents
Introduction to biodiesel
Applications of biodiesel
Advantages & disadvantages of biodiesel
Sources of biodiesel
Future of biodiesel
Case study on Iran
Conclusions
3. Introduction to biodiesel
History
Rudolf diesel was the inverter of biodiesel, estimated 100
years ago. It was developed in the year 1890s.
What is biodiesel?
Biodiesel is made up of monoalkyl esters of long chain
fatty acids that come from vegetable oil or animal fats.
After which, the feedstock is converted by trans-
esterification, into biodiesel.
4. Biodiesel is replacement for petroleum diesel fuel.
It can be blended with petroleum diesel fuel in any proportion.
Biodiesel can be used 100% (B100) or in blends with petroleum diesel
fuel.
Blends are indicated by B##, which correspond to the percentage of
biodiesel in the blended fuel.
5. Applications of biodiesel
Biodiesel has a wide variety of application in
all the fields where fuel is used. To add on, it
added advantages of efficiency improvement.
Examples includes:
Motorbikes, Airplanes, Mass transit (trains, buses)
Trucks & heavy equipment , Electrical generators
Farm equipments, Marine uses ,Biodiesel as lubricant & solvent
6. Biodiesel as lubricant and
solvent
• Potential markets for biodiesel extend beyond the
transportation and electrical-generation sectors.
Biodiesel can be used straight as
a machinery lubricant.
Biodiesel’s solvent properties
may be used to clean dirty or
greasy engine or other machine
parts.
7. Marine uses
Biodiesel is an ideal choice for the use in
marine applications.
Biodiesel have more environmental
benefits.
Biodiesel is “user-friendly”
Biodiesel can work in several marine
factions.
8. Advantages of Biodiesel
Renewable energy source Can distribute through
existing diesel fuel pumps
Less polluting
Can use in existing oil
heating systems and
Extends life of catalytic diesel engines
converters & engines
Can be mixed with
Utilizes excess production of petroleum diesel at any
soybeans for manufacture concentration and time
9. Disadvantages of Biodiesel
More expensive
Could harm rubber hoses in engines
Requires energy to:
Produce biodiesel from soy crops &
sow, fertilize and harvest
Requires frequent filter changing
Requires improvement in distribution
infrastructure
10. Sources of biodiesel
• Algal Biodiesel
• Fungus
• Used coffee grounds
• Exotic resources
11. Algal Biodiesel
Utilizing algae that contains
natural oil content>50%
Can be grown on algae
ponds at wastewater
treatment plants
Extracted from the system
and processed into biodiesel
Does not entail a decrease in
food production
12. Fungus
Utilizing single-cell fungi that contains
lipids .E.g.Cunninghamella japonica
Extracted from the cell and turned into
Biodiesel
Recent discovery of a variant of fungus
Gliocladium roseum
production of ‘myco-diesel’
(medium length hydrocarbons) from
cellulose
Discovered in the rainforests of northern
Patagonia
13. Used coffee grounds
Utilising used coffee grounds
that contains oil content 10-15%
Extracted and underwent
conventional processing into
Biodiesel
14. Exotic resources
Utilizing alligator fat which is a
primary waste product
• cheaper to refine
Biodiesel produced is similar
in composition to biodiesel
created from soybeans
16. Microalgae
Its species are rich in oil
Abundant; almost in every
ecosystem
CO2+ sunlight -> oxygen + biomass
• Produce almost half of the
atmospheric oxygen
17. Microalgae Biodiesel
Under optimized condition, can produce up to 90%
oil of dry weight
Potential production of oil higher than oil crops
• Use little land resource w/o causing potential
biomass deficit
Can grow in extreme environment
Cultivated only by using seawater, CO2 and sunlight
21. Microalgae Genetic
Engineering
• Optimization for enhanced
biofuel production
• Improve accumulation of
Why? targeted bioenergy carriers
• Quantity & quality of biodiesel
linked as to how lipid
metabolism is controlled
Solution
Manipulate the biology of microalgae
cells to allow for secretion of lipids
22. Case Study: Future of Bioenergy in
Iran
Extensive use & export of Iran’s crude
oil and natural gas will be limited in
the future. Thus renewable liquid
fuels will be heavily needed to
eventually totally replace petroleum-
derived transport fuels which in
addition, contributes to the emission
of greenhouse gases
Salt lake “Urmia” which have given rise
to new species of algae for biofuel
23. Case Study: Solution for Biodiesel
Production
Overcoming the challenge, two
options
• Managing the agriculture
residues & energy production
like bioethanol and biogas
• Investing on non-food crops
e.g. microalgae
Due to climate & • Looking at this table, microalgae come
geographical problems views itself as the only source that has
• Only 12% of total land the potential to completely replace
area can be use for crop
growing thus depending
petroleum-derived diesel
on energy crops not • Therefore, microalgae genetic
feasible engineering would help to visualize
more the economic production of
biodiesel in Iran
24. Case Study: Project on
microalgae
Researches at Teheran’s Shiraz University carried a biofuel
project
Microalgae were isolated during a screening program from
soil & water
• samples are collected from the paddy fields of Fars
province and the Maharlu Salt Lake
Has succeeded in producing green fuel from the algae
Chlamydomonas
The researchers registered their findings at the National
Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)which is based
in the USA
25. Case Study: Having potential of using
microalgae genetic engineering
Iran has a good potential and possibilities due to:
Presence of saline lakes in
Iran, containing various Good capacity building
species of microalgae
Establishing microalgae
culture ponds in different Gained experiences in plant genetic
areas of Iran engineering within the last decade
• Unlimited access to saline
waters and sunlight
Strong government support
• Based on the law, production and
Presence of highly efficient release of transgenic organisms are
genetic engineering free in Iran provided that they pass all
technologies in the world the biosafety requirements imposed
by Iran’s National Biosafety Law (INBL)
27. References
Introduction & applications of biodiesel
• http://www.biodiesel.org/markets/mar/
• http://alphabiofuels.sg/pages/bioOSR/osr_index.html
• Title: Biodiesel- growing a new energy economy (second edition)
Author: Greg Pahl foreword by Bill McKibben
Advantages and disadvantages of Biodiesel
• http://www.cpast.org/Articles/fetch.adp?topicnum=61
• http://greenliving.lovetoknow.com/Advantages_and_Disadvantages_of_Biofuels
• http://www.berkeleybiodiesel.org/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-biodiesel.html
Current Research
• http://web.archive.org/web/20060324084858/http://www.unh.edu/p2/biodiesel/article_alg
e.html
• http://mic.sgmjournals.org/content/154/11/3319
• http://www.springerlink.com/content/c8l814q6064m0u75/
• http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/16/science/16objava.html
Case study
• http://www.greenprophet.com/2010/01/algae-biofuel-iran/
• An article titled Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews from www.elsevier.com
-Biodiesel engine had become the engine of selection for reliability, power, and high fuel economy, worldwide. -Simply, the trans-esterification reaction means taking one type of ester and turning it into another. For example, taking vegetable oil and turning it into biodiesel.The alcohol used in the process can be either ethanol ( made from grains) or methanol ( made from wood, coal or natural gas) Methanol is usually preferred because it’s cheaper and tends to produce a more predictable reaction.-If biodiesel is produced with methanol, it is referred to as methyl esters and if it is made with ethanol it is referred to as ethyl esters. A more generic term, alkyl esters, refers to any alcohol-produced vegetable-oil esters.
For example, a 20% blend of biodiesel with 80% diesel fuel is called B20. B20 is popular because it represents a good balance of cost, emissions, cold weather performance, materials compatibility, and ability to act as a solvent. B20 is also the minimum blend level that can be used for EPAct compliance for covered fleets. Pure Biodiesel (B100) can be used as a blending agent or as a pure fuel in diesel applications. B100 has the following key physical properties: It contains less than 15 ppm sulfur. It contains no aromatics. It has a high cetane level (47+). It is biodegradable. • It is non-toxic. • It has a high flashpoint (higher than 260° F). • It has a comparable BTU value (8% less than No. 2 diesel).
Lubricant can also use on bearings and gears. A effective cleaning element called Bio-OSR (Bio-oil & sludge remover).Bio-OSR is a biodegradable and environmental friendly product.It uses organic ingredients that comes from vegetation therefore it is safe for handling and transportation.Therefore the properties of Bio-OSR ensure that it does not pose a negative impact on safety, health and environment.http://alphabiofuels.sg/pages/bioOSR/osr_index.html
After Rudolf diesel’s engine was adapted for marine use as early as 1903. since then, diesel engine have spread to virtually every corner of the world’s marine environment. Unfortunately , diesel engine can cause considerable environmental damages, especially in the case of a petrol diesel fuel spill. Environmental fragility that makes marine use of biodiesel so attractive. Tests have shown that pure biodiesel is non-toxic, readily biodegradable and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics. Biodiesel degrades about four times faster than petroleum diesel fuel.(e.g.:when there is spilled in water, biodiesel will be 95% degraded after 28 days as compared with only 40% for petrol diesel in the same time period.)Biodiesel is not harmful to fish and marine life.Biodiesel is easier on humans. By using biodiesel and biodiesel blends have proven to change in exhaust odor. Therefore it will not cause eye irritation.Because biodiesel can replace or blend with petroleum diesel with little or no engine modifications. Categories in marine industry includes: recreational boats, cruise ships and the U.S. Coast Guard Fleet. http://www.biodiesel.org/markets/mar/
During photosynthesis, algae and other photosynthetic organisms capture carbon dioxide and sunlight, and convert it into oxygen and biomass. These fuels do not affect freshwater resources, can be produced using ocean and wastewater, are biodegradable and relatively harmless to the environment if spilled. Algae farms can be hooked onto existing power plants and be used as huge carbon sinks.