This document provides an overview of biodiesel production, advancement, and future scope. It discusses the history of biodiesel from its first use in engines in 1853 to its replacement by petroleum diesel in the 1920s. The document then covers biodiesel definitions, production via transesterification, feedstock types from various generations, emissions reductions from biodiesel blends, national biofuels policy in India, and considerations for biodiesel as a future fuel alternative but not primary fuel. In summary, the document outlines the history, production process, policies and future of biodiesel as a renewable fuel.

1. SEMINAR &TECHNICAL
WRITING
ON
BIODIESEL PRODUCTION,
ADVANCEMENT
&
FUTURE SCOPE
SUBMITTED BY:
MD ALTAF RAZA
ROLL NO.: 18MT18
REGISTRATION NO.
18122107018
M.TECH(THERMAL ENGG.)

2. • Transesterification of vegetable oil before first
engine, in 1853 by E. Duffy and J. Patrick ,Rudolf
Diesel
• In 1900 World’s Exhibition in Paris , Engine ran
on peanut oil, the world’s first biodiesel
• Used until the 1920’s when petroleum diesel more
common due to superior pricing.
HISTORY

3. BIODIESEL – An Overview
Biodiesel is a domestic,
renewable fuel for diesel
engines derived from fats
and oils such as soybeans
and animal fats.
Biodiesel can be used in
any concentration with
petroleum-based diesel
fuel in existing diesel
engines with little or no
modification.
Biodiesel is not raw
vegetable oil!
Biodiesel must be
produced by a chemical
process that removes
glycerin from the oil.
0 50 100
B2
B5
B10
B20
B100
Biodiesel Petroleumdiesel
Biodiesel blend, n. -- a
blend of biodiesel fuel
meeting ASTM D 6751
with petroleum-based
diesel fuel designated
BXX, where XX is the
volume percent of
biodiesel.

4. Emissions Reductions with Biodiesel
Blends
Emission Type B100 B20
B2
Total Unburned Hydrocarbons -67% -20%
-2.2%
Carbon Monoxide -48% -12%
-1.3%
Particulate Matter -47% -12%
-1.3%
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) +10% + 2%
+0.2%
“When considering the combined benefit of all these
reductions, the small increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx)
should not overshadow the net environmental gain with
biodiesel use . Biodiesel is a viable part of the overall effort to
improve our air quality.”

5. What is Biodiesel?
•Lower emissions, High flash point
(>300F), Safer
•High Cetane (avg. over 50)
•Sulfur free , good lubricant property
•Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic.
•Chemically, biodiesel molecules are
mono-alkyl esters produced usually
from triglyceride, when mixed with
alcohol and suitable catalyst.
Fatty
AcidAlcoh
olGlycer
in
Vegetable Oil
Biodiesel
FA
FAFA
FA

6. Types of Feedstocks
First generation feedstocks
Second generation feedstocks
Third generation feedstocks
6

7. Biofuels Generations
1. First Generation Biofuel
Biofuel made from sugar, starchy crops,
vegetable oil or animal fat using conventional
technology.
These feedstocks could instead enter the animal
or human food chain.
They don’t seem to be more environment
friendly than the fossil fuels.

8.  Second Generation Biofuels come from Woody
crops and grasses species (lignocellulosic)
Advantages vs 1st
generation:
 Increase quantitative potential for biofuel
generation per hectare
 Grow on poor, degradated soils where food
crop production is not optimal (Jatropha).
 Less effects on commodity markets
Biofuels Generations
2. Second Generation Biofuel

9. Disadvantages:
 More of these species can be invasive and
have negative impacts on water resources,
biodiversity and agriculture
 At the moment they are still more expensive
than fossil fuels
 Still under research and development for a
significant commercial scale

10. Keypoints of 3rd generation biofuel
feedstock
 30 - 100 times more energy productive and
effective
 The Biomass leftover from oil pressing can be
used for animal
feeding and ethanol production
 Processing Biofuel from algae can capture large
amount of CO2
 They are relatively easy to grow, but the algal
oil is hard and
expensive to extract

11. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
PROCESS[5]
11

12. Transesterification[5]
• In organic chemistry, transesterification is the
process of exchanging the organic group R″ of
an ester with the organic group R′ of an alcohol.
• These reactions are often catalyzed by the
addition of an acid or base catalyst.
• The reaction can also be accomplished with the
help of enzymes (biocatalysts) particularly
lipases.

13. Transesterification[5]
CH2OOR1 catalyst
CH2OH
| 
|
CHOOR2 + 3CH3OH 3CH3OORx
+ CHOH
|
|
CH2OOR3
CH2OH
Triglyceride 3 Methanols Biodiesel
Glycerin
**R1, R2, and R3 are fatty acid alkyl groups (could be
different, or the same), and depend on the type of oil. The
fatty acids involved determine the final properties of the
biodiesel (cetane number, cold flow properties, etc.)

14. Biofuels Policy[4]
• The Ministry of New & Renewable
Energy has proposed a national
biofuels policy with a target of 20%
blending of transportation fuels with
bio-diesel and bio-ethanol by 2017.
• While a blending target for bio-
ethanol has been in effect since 2008,
a fresh recommendation has been
issued for bio-diesel.
14

15. BIODIESEL:- The Future
• Should be considered for use as an
alternative and not a primary fuel
• Short and long term environmental benefits
will be worthwhile with 3rd generation
production
• Lack of understanding of environmental
impact - NOx emissions
• Complexity of biomass-power infrastructure
compared to known well established coal and
natural gas markets

16. Refrences
[1]https://cleantechnica.com/2015/08/26/india-
proposes-national-policy-biofuels/
[2]http://mnre.gov.in/file-
manager/UserFiles/biofuel_policy.pdf
[3]Financial and Economic Assessment of Biodiesel
Production and Use in India Herath Gunatilake No. 8
| November 2011 South Asia Working Paper Series
[4]National policy of biofuels”. Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, Government of India (2015).
[5]Recent advancement in production of liquid
biofuels from renewable resources: A review by BZ
DHOLAKIYA and B. DHORAJIYA