Bias compensation ppt
•
1 like•761 views
The document discusses different compensation techniques used to stabilize bias points in amplifiers. Negative feedback improves stability but reduces gain, so compensation is needed. Compensation uses temperature sensitive devices like diodes, transistors, and thermistors to provide compensating voltage and current to maintain a stable operating point as temperatures vary. Specific techniques discussed include diode compensation, which uses diodes in the emitter or voltage divider circuits to offset changes in VBE or ICO due to temperature. Thermistor compensation uses a thermistor whose resistance decreases with increasing temperature to reduce IB and offset increased IC. Sensistor compensation similarly uses a sensistor in the self-bias circuit to reduce VBE and IB to maintain constant IC as temperature rises.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Bias compensation
This document discusses various bias compensation techniques used to stabilize the operating point of transistors against temperature variations. It describes how diode compensation can be used to compensate for instability due to variations in VBE or ICO with temperature. A diode is placed in the emitter or collector circuit such that its temperature dependence matches that of the transistor. Thermistor and sensistor compensation are also discussed, where a thermistor or sensistor with a negative or positive temperature coefficient respectively is used to maintain a constant voltage at the transistor base against temperature changes.
basic-analog-electronics
This document provides an overview of basic electronics components and circuits. It begins with an introduction to passive components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers. It then covers analog circuits using transistors and operational amplifiers. The document provides details on circuit analysis and different types of filters. It explains concepts like resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers. Examples of common circuits are also presented like voltage dividers, rectifiers, and amplifiers.
TRANSISTORS
The document discusses the history and operation of transistors, beginning with the point-contact transistor invented in 1947 by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley at Bell Labs. It then covers the basic structure and types of bipolar junction transistors, including NPN and PNP, as well as their operating regions and usage as switches and amplifiers. New developments in transistor technology include 3D transistors using tri-gate designs for improved power efficiency and performance.
Diode
The document discusses diodes, including their history and components. It describes how a diode is constructed from a P-type and N-type semiconductor material, forming a PN junction. At the junction, electrons diffuse into holes, creating a depletion region that acts as an insulator under reverse bias but allows current to flow under forward bias. The document outlines diode applications such as rectification in power supplies and their characteristic I-V curve.
Thyristor
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is a unidirectional semiconductor device made of silicon.SCR is a three-terminal, four-layer semiconductor device consisting of alternate layers of p-type and n-type material.
Comparator
The document discusses different types of comparators and their applications. It begins by explaining how a comparator works by comparing an input signal voltage to a reference voltage. It then describes two types of comparators - non-inverting and inverting - based on which input terminal receives the signal. Several applications of comparators are listed including zero crossing detectors, window comparators, and Schmitt triggers. The document goes on to explain these applications in more detail and discusses other comparator topics such as hysteresis and integrated circuit comparators.
Edc(electronics devices and circuits)
This document provides information about electronics components. It discusses that electronics uses controlled electron flow and its applications include communication, entertainment, industry, and medicine. The document separates components into active and passive. Passive components cannot amplify or process signals and include resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Active components can amplify or process signals and include transistors and logic gates. The document also discusses semiconductors like silicon and germanium, PN junctions, Zener diodes, and LEDs.
Working Principle of Inverters & Types
Transistors are key components of inverters that convert DC power from sources like batteries into AC power. Transistors rapidly switch on and off when connected to a transformer, which allows direct current to be converted into alternating current. There are three main types of inverters - square wave inverters, which output a basic alternating signal but not a pure sine wave; modified sine wave inverters, which have brief pauses between phase shifts; and pure sine wave inverters, which have the most complex circuitry to accurately produce a sine wave output. Inverters have applications in devices like uninterruptible power supplies, electronic ballasts, and variable frequency drives.
Recommended
Bias compensation
This document discusses various bias compensation techniques used to stabilize the operating point of transistors against temperature variations. It describes how diode compensation can be used to compensate for instability due to variations in VBE or ICO with temperature. A diode is placed in the emitter or collector circuit such that its temperature dependence matches that of the transistor. Thermistor and sensistor compensation are also discussed, where a thermistor or sensistor with a negative or positive temperature coefficient respectively is used to maintain a constant voltage at the transistor base against temperature changes.
basic-analog-electronics
This document provides an overview of basic electronics components and circuits. It begins with an introduction to passive components like resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers. It then covers analog circuits using transistors and operational amplifiers. The document provides details on circuit analysis and different types of filters. It explains concepts like resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers. Examples of common circuits are also presented like voltage dividers, rectifiers, and amplifiers.
TRANSISTORS
The document discusses the history and operation of transistors, beginning with the point-contact transistor invented in 1947 by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley at Bell Labs. It then covers the basic structure and types of bipolar junction transistors, including NPN and PNP, as well as their operating regions and usage as switches and amplifiers. New developments in transistor technology include 3D transistors using tri-gate designs for improved power efficiency and performance.
Diode
The document discusses diodes, including their history and components. It describes how a diode is constructed from a P-type and N-type semiconductor material, forming a PN junction. At the junction, electrons diffuse into holes, creating a depletion region that acts as an insulator under reverse bias but allows current to flow under forward bias. The document outlines diode applications such as rectification in power supplies and their characteristic I-V curve.
Thyristor
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is a unidirectional semiconductor device made of silicon.SCR is a three-terminal, four-layer semiconductor device consisting of alternate layers of p-type and n-type material.
Comparator
The document discusses different types of comparators and their applications. It begins by explaining how a comparator works by comparing an input signal voltage to a reference voltage. It then describes two types of comparators - non-inverting and inverting - based on which input terminal receives the signal. Several applications of comparators are listed including zero crossing detectors, window comparators, and Schmitt triggers. The document goes on to explain these applications in more detail and discusses other comparator topics such as hysteresis and integrated circuit comparators.
Edc(electronics devices and circuits)
This document provides information about electronics components. It discusses that electronics uses controlled electron flow and its applications include communication, entertainment, industry, and medicine. The document separates components into active and passive. Passive components cannot amplify or process signals and include resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Active components can amplify or process signals and include transistors and logic gates. The document also discusses semiconductors like silicon and germanium, PN junctions, Zener diodes, and LEDs.
Working Principle of Inverters & Types
Transistors are key components of inverters that convert DC power from sources like batteries into AC power. Transistors rapidly switch on and off when connected to a transformer, which allows direct current to be converted into alternating current. There are three main types of inverters - square wave inverters, which output a basic alternating signal but not a pure sine wave; modified sine wave inverters, which have brief pauses between phase shifts; and pure sine wave inverters, which have the most complex circuitry to accurately produce a sine wave output. Inverters have applications in devices like uninterruptible power supplies, electronic ballasts, and variable frequency drives.
Ujt uni junction transistor - basics
Original Uni-junction transistor or UJT is a simple device in which a bar of N-type semiconductor material into which P-type material is diffused; somewhere along its length defining the device parameter as intrinsic standoff. The 2N2646 is the most commonly used version of UJT.
Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation
This course is electronics based course dealing with measurements and instrumentation designed for students in Physics Electronics, Electrical and Electronics Engineering and allied disciplines. It is a theory course based on the use of electrical and electronics instruments for measurements. The course deals with topics such as Principle of measurements, Errors, Accuracy, Units of measurements and electrical standards, , introduction to the design of electronic equipment’s for temperature, pressure, level, flow measurement, speed etc
Diode ,its types & its Application
1. The document discusses diodes, their structure and types including PN junction diode, LED, photodiode, and Zener diode.
2. It explains how diodes allow current to flow in one direction during forward bias when positive voltage is applied to the p-type side, and restricts current in reverse bias.
3. Applications of diodes discussed include different types of rectifiers (half wave, full wave, bridge) which convert AC to DC, and clippers which shape input waveforms.
Presentation on bipolar junction transistor
This presentation introduces bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). It discusses the two types of BJTs - NPN and PNP transistors, which differ based on whether holes or electrons are the majority carriers. The key components of a transistor - emitter, base, and collector - are defined. The presentation compares the three common transistor configurations - common base, common emitter, and common collector - and provides expressions for collector current in each. It also discusses transistor operation, characteristics, and applications such as amplification. Overall, the presentation provides a comprehensive overview of BJT fundamentals.
Electronics applications and components
Electronics is the branch of science dealing with the controlled movement of electrons. Electronics has applications in communication, entertainment, industry, medical science, and defense. There are two main types of electronic components - active components and passive components. Active components like transistors and logic gates can amplify or process electrical signals, while passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors cannot amplify or process signals. Transistors act as switches to regulate current or voltage, and logic gates are basic building blocks of digital circuits. Resistors limit electrical current, capacitors store energy electrostatically, and inductors store energy magnetically.
Zener Diode Full Presentation
On this presentation i describe all the features and types of diode. This presentation started from short but understandable history of diode or zener . How diode is working? Answer of this question also clear after read all this presentation.
Transistor
Transistors are electronic devices made of semiconductor material that can act as both an insulator and conductor. They have three layers - an emitter, base, and collector - and come in two types: NPN and PNP bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). BJTs use both holes and electrons as charge carriers. Transistors have different operating regions - cutoff, linear, and saturation - and can be used as electronic switches or amplifiers by controlling the base current to mimic an input signal with greater amplitude at the collector. Common transistor types include BJTs, JFETs, FETs, and MOS transistors.
Transistor basics
The study of the basics of electronics can be studied through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
The transistor is a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification
Electronic device and circuit presentation
This presentation discusses the importance of electronic device knowledge in computer science education. It begins by introducing electronic devices like transistors and diodes that are used to control electrical currents for information processing and system control. It then explains how modern electronic devices like smartphones use semiconductors because they can be made to conduct electricity sometimes and not other times. The heart of electronic devices are semiconductors, which are made more conductive through doping. Semiconductors allow computers to perform calculations using many transistor switches on small silicon chips. Electronic devices are crucial to computer systems, memory, data storage, signaling, and digital technologies that power modern computing.
Transistor notes
A transistor is a semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power by using a voltage or current applied to one pair of terminals to control the current through another pair of terminals. It is composed of semiconductor material with three terminals - the emitter, base, and collector. Transistors use a sandwich of p-type and n-type semiconductor materials and can be NPN or PNP types. They are commonly used in integrated circuits and have replaced vacuum tubes in most modern electronics due to being more durable, having a longer life, consuming less power, and not requiring a heating element.
Frequency translation
In this ppt we learn about the method of frquency translation.How it can be done , what are their benefits etc.
Compensation Techniques
This document discusses different compensation techniques used to stabilize the operating point of transistors against temperature variations. It describes diode compensation, thermistor compensation, and sensistor compensation. Diode compensation can compensate for changes in base-emitter voltage or collector current with temperature. It works by using a diode that produces an opposing temperature-dependent voltage to the transistor's base-emitter junction. Thermistor compensation uses a negative temperature coefficient thermistor to reduce the collector current as temperature increases. Sensistor compensation uses a positive temperature coefficient resistor to decrease the base current as temperature rises.
Zener diode as a voltage Regulator
The document discusses the use of Zener diodes as voltage regulators. It begins by describing how Zener diodes allow current to flow in the reverse direction above a certain breakdown voltage. It then discusses different types of Zener diodes categorized by voltage, current, and power ratings. The document explains that Zener diodes can regulate an unsteady input voltage to provide a steady output voltage. It provides an example circuit diagram of a Zener diode regulating a 12V supply down to a steady 8V for a 100mA load. Measurements and component selections are described to illustrate how the Zener diode maintains a constant voltage across varying loads and minor input fluctuations.
integrated circuits
First op amps built in 1930’s-1940’s
Technically feedback amplifiers due to only having one useable input
Used in WW-II to help how to strike military targets
Buffers, summers, differentiators, inverters
Took ±300V to ± 100V to power
Mosfet
A MOSFET is a semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electronic signals. It has three terminals - drain, source, and gate. Depending on whether the semiconductor material between the drain and source is n-type or p-type, a MOSFET can be an n-channel or p-channel type. Applying a positive voltage to the gate of an n-channel MOSFET or a negative voltage to the gate of a p-channel MOSFET allows current to flow between the drain and source. MOSFETs are commonly used as switches in digital circuits like processors and as amplifiers in analog circuits. They are also used in memory devices, power supplies, and other electronic applications.
ADC - Types (Analog to Digital Converter)
The document describes several types of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs): dual slope, flash, successive approximation, and sigma-delta. It explains the basic functioning of each type, including their key components and steps in the conversion process. For each ADC type, it provides a brief summary of their pros and cons in terms of speed, accuracy, cost, and resolution. The document serves to introduce the fundamental concepts and tradeoffs of different ADC architectures.
Shockley Diode
The Shockley diode is a four-layer semiconductor device invented by William Shockley. It consists of three PN junctions (J1, J2, J3) constructed by connecting two transistors. In the forward bias state, J1 and J3 are forward biased while J2 is reverse biased, allowing current to flow. In reverse bias, J1 and J3 are reverse biased while J2 is forward biased, blocking current flow. The diode acts as a closed switch when conducting but turns off when current drops below the holding level. Key applications include use as a relaxation oscillator and triggering SCR devices.
Thyristor
This ppt provides a brief overview on thyristors commonly known as SCRs. V- I characteristics curve, triggering methods, protection methods, series and parallel operations of SCRs, applications are discussed in this slide.
Power supply
This document discusses power supplies and switched mode power supplies (SMPS). It begins with an overview of power supplies and their basic components like transformers, rectifiers, and regulators. It then covers the categories of power supplies, including linear regulated and SMPS. The document discusses the components and workings of SMPS in detail, including the inverter, output transformer, rectifier and filter. It covers the advantages of SMPS like higher efficiency and smaller size compared to traditional power supplies. In the end, it discusses different feedback techniques used in SMPS.
Transistor
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
bias compensation.pptx
Diode compensation uses a diode connected across the base-emitter junction of a transistor amplifier to stabilize the operating point against variations in the transistor's current gain and leakage current due to temperature changes. As temperature increases, the diode's leakage current also increases, decreasing the base current and keeping the collector current constant. Thermistor compensation uses a thermistor in parallel with a resistor; as temperature rises, the thermistor's resistance decreases, increasing the current through it and another resistor to compensate for the increased collector current. Sensistor compensation similarly uses a sensistor with a positive temperature coefficient in series with a resistor such that increased resistance at higher temperatures decreases base current to offset increased collector current.
Bias compensation
This document discusses various bias compensation techniques used to stabilize the operating point of transistors against temperature variations. It describes how diode compensation can be used to compensate for instability due to variations in VBE or ICO with temperature. A diode is placed in the emitter or collector circuit such that its temperature dependence matches that of the transistor. Thermistor and sensistor compensation are also discussed, where a thermistor or sensistor with a negative or positive temperature coefficient respectively is used to maintain a constant voltage at the transistor base against temperature changes.
More Related Content
What's hot
Ujt uni junction transistor - basics
Original Uni-junction transistor or UJT is a simple device in which a bar of N-type semiconductor material into which P-type material is diffused; somewhere along its length defining the device parameter as intrinsic standoff. The 2N2646 is the most commonly used version of UJT.
Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation
This course is electronics based course dealing with measurements and instrumentation designed for students in Physics Electronics, Electrical and Electronics Engineering and allied disciplines. It is a theory course based on the use of electrical and electronics instruments for measurements. The course deals with topics such as Principle of measurements, Errors, Accuracy, Units of measurements and electrical standards, , introduction to the design of electronic equipment’s for temperature, pressure, level, flow measurement, speed etc
Diode ,its types & its Application
1. The document discusses diodes, their structure and types including PN junction diode, LED, photodiode, and Zener diode.
2. It explains how diodes allow current to flow in one direction during forward bias when positive voltage is applied to the p-type side, and restricts current in reverse bias.
3. Applications of diodes discussed include different types of rectifiers (half wave, full wave, bridge) which convert AC to DC, and clippers which shape input waveforms.
Presentation on bipolar junction transistor
This presentation introduces bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). It discusses the two types of BJTs - NPN and PNP transistors, which differ based on whether holes or electrons are the majority carriers. The key components of a transistor - emitter, base, and collector - are defined. The presentation compares the three common transistor configurations - common base, common emitter, and common collector - and provides expressions for collector current in each. It also discusses transistor operation, characteristics, and applications such as amplification. Overall, the presentation provides a comprehensive overview of BJT fundamentals.
Electronics applications and components
Electronics is the branch of science dealing with the controlled movement of electrons. Electronics has applications in communication, entertainment, industry, medical science, and defense. There are two main types of electronic components - active components and passive components. Active components like transistors and logic gates can amplify or process electrical signals, while passive components like resistors, capacitors, and inductors cannot amplify or process signals. Transistors act as switches to regulate current or voltage, and logic gates are basic building blocks of digital circuits. Resistors limit electrical current, capacitors store energy electrostatically, and inductors store energy magnetically.
Zener Diode Full Presentation
On this presentation i describe all the features and types of diode. This presentation started from short but understandable history of diode or zener . How diode is working? Answer of this question also clear after read all this presentation.
Transistor
Transistors are electronic devices made of semiconductor material that can act as both an insulator and conductor. They have three layers - an emitter, base, and collector - and come in two types: NPN and PNP bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). BJTs use both holes and electrons as charge carriers. Transistors have different operating regions - cutoff, linear, and saturation - and can be used as electronic switches or amplifiers by controlling the base current to mimic an input signal with greater amplitude at the collector. Common transistor types include BJTs, JFETs, FETs, and MOS transistors.
Transistor basics
The study of the basics of electronics can be studied through the link http://bit.ly/2PPv0mv
The transistor is a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification
Electronic device and circuit presentation
This presentation discusses the importance of electronic device knowledge in computer science education. It begins by introducing electronic devices like transistors and diodes that are used to control electrical currents for information processing and system control. It then explains how modern electronic devices like smartphones use semiconductors because they can be made to conduct electricity sometimes and not other times. The heart of electronic devices are semiconductors, which are made more conductive through doping. Semiconductors allow computers to perform calculations using many transistor switches on small silicon chips. Electronic devices are crucial to computer systems, memory, data storage, signaling, and digital technologies that power modern computing.
Transistor notes
A transistor is a semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electronic signals and power by using a voltage or current applied to one pair of terminals to control the current through another pair of terminals. It is composed of semiconductor material with three terminals - the emitter, base, and collector. Transistors use a sandwich of p-type and n-type semiconductor materials and can be NPN or PNP types. They are commonly used in integrated circuits and have replaced vacuum tubes in most modern electronics due to being more durable, having a longer life, consuming less power, and not requiring a heating element.
Frequency translation
In this ppt we learn about the method of frquency translation.How it can be done , what are their benefits etc.
Compensation Techniques
This document discusses different compensation techniques used to stabilize the operating point of transistors against temperature variations. It describes diode compensation, thermistor compensation, and sensistor compensation. Diode compensation can compensate for changes in base-emitter voltage or collector current with temperature. It works by using a diode that produces an opposing temperature-dependent voltage to the transistor's base-emitter junction. Thermistor compensation uses a negative temperature coefficient thermistor to reduce the collector current as temperature increases. Sensistor compensation uses a positive temperature coefficient resistor to decrease the base current as temperature rises.
Zener diode as a voltage Regulator
The document discusses the use of Zener diodes as voltage regulators. It begins by describing how Zener diodes allow current to flow in the reverse direction above a certain breakdown voltage. It then discusses different types of Zener diodes categorized by voltage, current, and power ratings. The document explains that Zener diodes can regulate an unsteady input voltage to provide a steady output voltage. It provides an example circuit diagram of a Zener diode regulating a 12V supply down to a steady 8V for a 100mA load. Measurements and component selections are described to illustrate how the Zener diode maintains a constant voltage across varying loads and minor input fluctuations.
integrated circuits
First op amps built in 1930’s-1940’s
Technically feedback amplifiers due to only having one useable input
Used in WW-II to help how to strike military targets
Buffers, summers, differentiators, inverters
Took ±300V to ± 100V to power
Mosfet
A MOSFET is a semiconductor device that can amplify or switch electronic signals. It has three terminals - drain, source, and gate. Depending on whether the semiconductor material between the drain and source is n-type or p-type, a MOSFET can be an n-channel or p-channel type. Applying a positive voltage to the gate of an n-channel MOSFET or a negative voltage to the gate of a p-channel MOSFET allows current to flow between the drain and source. MOSFETs are commonly used as switches in digital circuits like processors and as amplifiers in analog circuits. They are also used in memory devices, power supplies, and other electronic applications.
ADC - Types (Analog to Digital Converter)
The document describes several types of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs): dual slope, flash, successive approximation, and sigma-delta. It explains the basic functioning of each type, including their key components and steps in the conversion process. For each ADC type, it provides a brief summary of their pros and cons in terms of speed, accuracy, cost, and resolution. The document serves to introduce the fundamental concepts and tradeoffs of different ADC architectures.
Shockley Diode
The Shockley diode is a four-layer semiconductor device invented by William Shockley. It consists of three PN junctions (J1, J2, J3) constructed by connecting two transistors. In the forward bias state, J1 and J3 are forward biased while J2 is reverse biased, allowing current to flow. In reverse bias, J1 and J3 are reverse biased while J2 is forward biased, blocking current flow. The diode acts as a closed switch when conducting but turns off when current drops below the holding level. Key applications include use as a relaxation oscillator and triggering SCR devices.
Thyristor
This ppt provides a brief overview on thyristors commonly known as SCRs. V- I characteristics curve, triggering methods, protection methods, series and parallel operations of SCRs, applications are discussed in this slide.
Power supply
This document discusses power supplies and switched mode power supplies (SMPS). It begins with an overview of power supplies and their basic components like transformers, rectifiers, and regulators. It then covers the categories of power supplies, including linear regulated and SMPS. The document discusses the components and workings of SMPS in detail, including the inverter, output transformer, rectifier and filter. It covers the advantages of SMPS like higher efficiency and smaller size compared to traditional power supplies. In the end, it discusses different feedback techniques used in SMPS.
Transistor
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
What's hot (20)
Similar to Bias compensation ppt
bias compensation.pptx
Diode compensation uses a diode connected across the base-emitter junction of a transistor amplifier to stabilize the operating point against variations in the transistor's current gain and leakage current due to temperature changes. As temperature increases, the diode's leakage current also increases, decreasing the base current and keeping the collector current constant. Thermistor compensation uses a thermistor in parallel with a resistor; as temperature rises, the thermistor's resistance decreases, increasing the current through it and another resistor to compensate for the increased collector current. Sensistor compensation similarly uses a sensistor with a positive temperature coefficient in series with a resistor such that increased resistance at higher temperatures decreases base current to offset increased collector current.
Bias compensation
This document discusses various bias compensation techniques used to stabilize the operating point of transistors against temperature variations. It describes how diode compensation can be used to compensate for instability due to variations in VBE or ICO with temperature. A diode is placed in the emitter or collector circuit such that its temperature dependence matches that of the transistor. Thermistor and sensistor compensation are also discussed, where a thermistor or sensistor with a negative or positive temperature coefficient respectively is used to maintain a constant voltage at the transistor base against temperature changes.
Intro electronics laboratory
This document is a laboratory manual for an introduction to electronics course. It provides an overview of topics that will be covered in the course, including semiconductors diodes, bipolar junction transistors, field effect transistors, and basic circuit components like voltage and current sources. Experiments are described to characterize components and measure properties like temperature dependence. The manual provides context, explanations, diagrams, and guidance for students to conduct hands-on laboratory work to learn key concepts in electronics.
Edc unit 4
The document discusses transistor biasing and stabilization. It defines biasing as establishing a quiescent point (Q-point) for the transistor in the active region through supply voltages and resistances. This allows distortion-free amplification. Thermal runaway occurs when increased collector current further increases junction temperature, leading to uncontrollable positive feedback. Several biasing circuits are described, including fixed bias, emitter feedback bias, collector-to-base feedback bias, collector-emitter feedback bias, and voltage divider/emitter bias. Stability factor is a measure of how sensitive the collector current is to changes in the transistor's reverse saturation current. Voltage divider bias establishes a Q-point independently of beta through a resistor
Electronics and modern physics presentation
discussing differences faithful and un- faithful amplification
discussing stabilition in transistors
and how temperature affect collector current
discussing various methods of transistor biasing like
Base resister method ,Emitter Base method , Biasing with collector feedback method , Voltage divider bias
Chapter-6 DC biasing-1.ppt
This document discusses transistor biasing circuits. It outlines different types of biasing circuits including fixed bias, emitter bias, collector feedback bias, and voltage divider bias. It explains how each circuit works, analyzing key parameters like collector current, collector-emitter voltage, and stability factor. The goal of biasing circuits is to set the transistor's operating point in the active region for faithful signal amplification while stabilizing it against temperature and other variations. Voltage divider bias is highlighted as the most widely used method due to its ability to stabilize the operating point through negative feedback.
BJT & ITS BIASING
1) Biasing is important in transistors to prevent saturation or cutoff. Voltage divider bias uses resistors in a potential divider configuration to provide stable biasing.
2) In common emitter configuration, the input is between base and emitter, and output is between collector and emitter. The input characteristics show base current vs base-emitter voltage, and output characteristics show collector current vs collector-emitter voltage.
3) A document describing an electronics assignment covering topics on transistor biasing circuits, characteristics, and configurations. Diagrams and equations are provided as answers to questions.
137371357 transister-series-and-shunt-voltage-regulators
There are two main types of Zener controlled transistor voltage regulators: series and shunt. A series regulator works by using a transistor in an emitter follower configuration to act as a variable resistor, maintaining a constant output voltage. A shunt regulator uses a transistor to compensate for changes in load or supply by varying the current through a series resistor and the transistor, keeping the voltage drop across the resistor constant. Both regulator types aim to keep the output voltage stable but have limitations like heat dissipation, inability to change the output voltage, and poor regulation at high currents.
Edcqnaunit 4
Transistor biasing circuits establish a quiescent operating point (Q-point) for the transistor in the active region to produce distortion-free amplification. Five common biasing circuits are described: fixed bias, emitter feedback bias, collector feedback bias, collector-emitter feedback bias, and self/emitter bias. The self/emitter bias circuit forms a voltage divider with external resistors to set the base voltage independently of beta, improving stability against temperature variations and beta changes between transistors. Stability is quantified by the stability factor and improved by increasing the emitter resistor relative to the base resistor.
Lec-7.pdf
This document discusses biasing schemes and stability of BJT transistors. It describes four common biasing schemes - fixed bias, collector base bias, voltage divider bias, and emitter bias. Voltage divider bias is the most widely used as it provides both biasing and stabilization. Stabilization is important to prevent thermal runaway from temperature and parameter variations. The stability factor S indicates how sensitive the collector current is to changes in the collector-base leakage current. Lower S provides better stability.
Analog & Digital Electronics
This document discusses different biasing schemes for BJTs, including fixed bias, collector base bias, and voltage divider bias. It explains how each biasing scheme works, its advantages and disadvantages, typical applications, and how stability is achieved. The key points are:
1) Different biasing schemes like fixed bias, collector base bias and voltage divider bias are used to set the operating point of BJTs and provide stability against variations in temperature, transistor parameters etc.
2) Collector base bias provides better stability than fixed bias by using negative feedback, but it reduces gain. Voltage divider bias is most widely used as it provides both stable biasing and high gain.
3) Stability is improved by
Chapter 3 (2).ppt
The potential divider bias circuit provides the most stable operating point (Q-point) for a transistor. It uses two resistors (R1 and R2) in a potential divider configuration to set the base voltage, and a third resistor (RE) connected from the emitter to ground introduces negative feedback. This feedback makes the Q-point nearly independent of temperature variations and transistor parameter changes, providing the highest stability of any biasing circuit.
Thermal stability & bias compensation
This document discusses thermal stability and bias compensation techniques in transistors. It explains that transistors can overheat due to self-heating or increased ambient temperature. This can cause thermal runaway and destroy the transistor. Various compensation techniques are described to maintain the transistor operating point constant despite temperature variations, including diode compensation to stabilize variations in VBE and ICO, thermistor compensation using a temperature-dependent resistor, and sensistor compensation using a resistor with a positive temperature coefficient. These techniques aim to reduce the base current as temperature increases to prevent thermal runaway.
ppt_ae.pdf
The document discusses various topics related to analog electronics including:
1. Transistor biasing methods such as base resistor, collector to base, fixed bias, and voltage divider bias.
2. Amplifier configurations including common base, common emitter, and common collector. Characteristics of the common emitter configuration are also discussed.
3. IC biasing using current sources and current mirrors. Basic gain cell and cascode amplifiers are introduced.
Transistor biasing
There are four main methods of transistor biasing: base resistor method, emitter bias method, biasing with collector feedback resistor, and voltage-divider bias method. The document then focuses on explaining the base resistor method and voltage-divider bias method in more detail. For the base resistor method, a resistor is used to provide base current, but it has poor stability. For the voltage-divider bias method, two resistors are used to provide stable biasing of the transistor by controlling the base-emitter voltage. This method is widely used due to its stability from the emitter resistor preventing changes in collector current.
bjt ppt project.ppt
1) Bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) are commonly used semiconductor devices that can be used as amplifiers and logic switches. They consist of three terminals: collector, base, and emitter.
2) There are several types of biasing circuits that can be used with BJTs, including fixed bias, collector feedback bias, fixed bias with emitter resistor, and voltage divider biasing. Biasing circuits ensure that the BJT operates in its active region.
3) The characteristics curves of different biasing circuits show how voltages and currents vary with each other. Mathematical equations can be derived to describe the relationships between voltages and currents for different biasing configurations.
MOSFETs: Single Stage IC Amplifier
This document discusses the design philosophy of integrated circuits and biasing techniques. It begins with an overview of constraints in IC design such as minimizing resistors and replacing them with transistors. It then discusses current sources, current mirrors, and current steering circuits which are used to generate constant currents for biasing multiple amplifier stages. The document compares MOSFET and BJT transistors. It explains that current sources use a transistor connected as a diode to generate a constant current, and current mirrors replicate this current. Current steering circuits distribute current from current sources to multiple locations. The document concludes with a brief section on the high frequency response of IC amplifiers.
Ce configuration
Electrical current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance are a few of the basic elements of electronics and radio. Apart from current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance, there are many other interesting elements to electronic technology. ... Use Electronics Notes to learn electronics online.
ADE ALL UNITS.pdf
The document discusses different types of transistor configurations - common emitter, common collector, and common base. It explains their characteristics such as current and voltage gain. It then discusses common emitter, common collector, and common base configurations for NPN and PNP transistors. The rest of the document talks about transistor amplifiers, explaining common emitter amplifier operation and its characteristics. It also discusses classes of power amplifiers like class A, B, and C amplifiers and provides examples of class A amplifier characteristics and a transformer coupled class A amplifier circuit.
Similar to Bias compensation ppt (20)
137371357 transister-series-and-shunt-voltage-regulators
137371357 transister-series-and-shunt-voltage-regulators
Recently uploaded
Hematology Analyzer Machine - Complete Blood Count
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
cnn.pptx Convolutional neural network used for image classication
Convolutional Neural Network used for image classification
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
哪里办理(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(csu毕业证书)查尔斯特大学毕业证硕士学历】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
官方认证美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building
原版制作(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：bwp0011】《(Humboldt毕业证书)柏林大学毕业证学位证》【微信：bwp0011】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【微bwp0011】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【微bwp0011】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Python language is very important language at this time. we can easily understand this language by these notes.
Recently uploaded (20)
Hematology Analyzer Machine - Complete Blood Count
Hematology Analyzer Machine - Complete Blood Count
cnn.pptx Convolutional neural network used for image classication
cnn.pptx Convolutional neural network used for image classication
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
john krisinger-the science and history of the alcoholic beverage.pptx
john krisinger-the science and history of the alcoholic beverage.pptx
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
Introduction to AI Safety (public presentation).pptx
Introduction to AI Safety (public presentation).pptx
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
Engineering Drawings Lecture Detail Drawings 2014.pdf
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Bias compensation ppt
- 1. So far we have seen different stabilization techniques. The stabilization occurs due to negative feedback action. The negative feedback, although improves the stability of operating point, it reduces the gain of the amplifier. The stabilization techniques refer to the use of resistive biasing circuits which permit IB to vary so as to keep IC relatively constant. As the gain of the amplifier is a very important consideration, some compensation techniques are used to maintain excellent bias and thermal stabilization. Compensation refers to the use of temperature sensitive devices such as diodes, transistors, thermistors which provide compensating voltage and current to maintain Q point stable.
- 2. Diode Compensation Thermistor Compensation Sensistor Compensation
- 3. These are the circuits that implement compensation techniques using diodes to deal with biasing instability. There are two types of diode compensation methods. ◦ Diode compensation for instability due to VBE variation ◦ Diode compensation for instability due to ICO variation
- 4. In a transistor, the changes in the value of VBE results in the changes in IC . A diode can be employed in the emitter circuit in order to compensate the variations in VBE or ICO. As the diode and transistor used are of same material, the voltage VD across the diode has same temperature coefficient as VBE of the transistor. The diode D is forward biased by the source VDD and the resistor RD. The variation in VBE with temperature is same as the variation in VD with temperature, hence the quantity (VBE – VD) remains constant. So the current IC remains constant in spite of the variation in VBE. a) Diode in the Emitter Circuit
- 5. Applying KVL to the base loop,
- 6. Diode is connected in series with resistance R2 in the voltage divider circuit and it is forward biased condition. For voltage divider bias, When VBE changes with temperature, IC also changes To cancel the changes in IC , one diode is used in the circuit for compensation The voltage at the base VB is give as Substituting this value in equation IC, we get, The changes in VBE. due to temperature are compensated by changes in the diode voltage which keeps IC stable at Q point. b) Diode in the voltage divider circuit
- 7. In germanium transistor changes in ICO with temperature plays an important role collector current stability * The diode is kept at reverse bias condition ,so only leakage current flows * Io increases then ICO also increases As I is constant , IC also remains constant. We can say that changes by ICO with temperature are compensated by diode and collector current remains constant
- 8. Thermistor is a temperature sensitive element with negative temperature coefficient With increase of temperature ,RT decreases. Hence the voltage drop across it also decreases. That is VBE decreases which reduces IB .this will offset the increased collector current with temperature. The equation shows if there is increase in ICO and decrease in IB keeps IC almost constant.
- 9. Here, thermistor is connected between emitter and Vcc to minimize the increase in collector current due to changes in ICO, VBE, or beta with temperature IC increases with temperature and RT decreases with increase in temperature. Therefore, current flowing through RE increases, which increases the voltage drop across it. E - B junction is forward biased. But due to increase in voltage drop across RE, emitter is made more positive, which reduces the forward bias voltage VBE. Hence, bias current reduces.
- 10. Fig. shows sensistor compensation R1 is replaced by sensistor RT in self bias circuit. Now, RT and R2 resistors of the potential divider. As temperature increases, RT increases which decreases the current flowing through it. Hence current through R2 decreases which reduces the voltages drop across it. Voltage drop across R2 is the voltage between base and ground. So VBE reduces which decreases IB. It means, when ICBO increases with increase in temperature, IB reduces due to reduction in VBE, maintaining IC fairly constant.