Benefits of GT
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Group technology is a management strategy that aims to eliminate waste caused by duplicated efforts across all areas of a company such as engineering, equipment, facilities planning, and production control. It provides benefits such as reducing the number of new part designs, drawings, and machining operations. It also standardizes equipment, improves material flow and reduces inventory which leads to faster response times, improved quality control, and lower costs.
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GROUP TECHNOLOGY AND CAPP
This document discusses group technology and computer aided process planning. It defines group technology as identifying and grouping similar parts to take advantage of their common design and production characteristics. The key benefits of group technology are outlined. Implementation involves identifying part families and rearranging production machines into cells dedicated to each family. Various part classification and coding systems used in group technology are also described.
Cellular manufacturing and group technology
Group technology (GT) and cellular manufacturing involve organizing production around part families and machine cells. GT involves standardizing similar tasks, storing information about recurring problems, and performing similar activities together. Cellular manufacturing reduces flow times, inventories, and allows for rush orders. It involves analyzing machine-component relationships and grouping machines and parts into cells. Benefits of GT and cellular manufacturing include reduced setup times, work in process, defects, and costs as well as improved material flow and customer service.
Uint 1 locating and clamping devices
This document provides definitions and principles related to locating and clamping in jigs and fixtures design. It defines a jig as a device that holds work and locates the tool path, and a fixture as a device that locates work on a machine table. It discusses locating principles like six point location and 3-2-1 principle. It also covers various locating and clamping devices like pins, buttons, V-locators, and different types of clamps. The document aims to provide fundamental guidelines for effective design of jigs and fixtures.
Recent advances in Metal Forming process
The document discusses several metal forming processes including superplastic forming, electroforming, fine blanking, hydroforming, laser forming, and powder metal forging. Superplastic forming uses air pressure to form superplastic materials like aluminum alloys into complex shapes at high temperatures. Electroforming produces thin metal parts by electroplating a metal skin onto a mandrel that is later removed. Fine blanking produces finished parts in a single press stroke with cleanly sheared edges. Hydroforming uses high-pressure fluid to form materials like steel into dies while laser forming thermally shapes sheet metal into 3D parts without contact. Powder metal forging fully densifies metal powders in a die to create precise net-shape components.
Group technology
GT Definition,Implementing Group Technology (GT),four methods GT, 1.OPTIZ PARTS CLASSIFICATION AND CODING SYSTEM,2.MICLASS coding system ,CODE MDSI System,BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY and limitations.
COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING (CAPP)
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) helps determine the processing steps required to make a part after CAP has been used to define what is to be made. CAPP programs develop a process plan or route sheet by following either a variant or a generative approach.
Group Technology
This document provides an overview of group technology (GT) in manufacturing. It defines GT as an approach that groups similar parts into families to take advantage of their common design and production processes. The key benefits of GT include reduced setup times and inventory costs through specialized machine cells for each part family. While identifying appropriate part families and rearranging production equipment into cells can be challenging initially, GT aims to improve manufacturing efficiency through standardization and reduced material handling.
COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING (CAPP)
CAPP is the use of computer technology to aid in the process planning of a part or product in manufacturing.
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GROUP TECHNOLOGY AND CAPP
This document discusses group technology and computer aided process planning. It defines group technology as identifying and grouping similar parts to take advantage of their common design and production characteristics. The key benefits of group technology are outlined. Implementation involves identifying part families and rearranging production machines into cells dedicated to each family. Various part classification and coding systems used in group technology are also described.
Cellular manufacturing and group technology
Group technology (GT) and cellular manufacturing involve organizing production around part families and machine cells. GT involves standardizing similar tasks, storing information about recurring problems, and performing similar activities together. Cellular manufacturing reduces flow times, inventories, and allows for rush orders. It involves analyzing machine-component relationships and grouping machines and parts into cells. Benefits of GT and cellular manufacturing include reduced setup times, work in process, defects, and costs as well as improved material flow and customer service.
Uint 1 locating and clamping devices
This document provides definitions and principles related to locating and clamping in jigs and fixtures design. It defines a jig as a device that holds work and locates the tool path, and a fixture as a device that locates work on a machine table. It discusses locating principles like six point location and 3-2-1 principle. It also covers various locating and clamping devices like pins, buttons, V-locators, and different types of clamps. The document aims to provide fundamental guidelines for effective design of jigs and fixtures.
Recent advances in Metal Forming process
The document discusses several metal forming processes including superplastic forming, electroforming, fine blanking, hydroforming, laser forming, and powder metal forging. Superplastic forming uses air pressure to form superplastic materials like aluminum alloys into complex shapes at high temperatures. Electroforming produces thin metal parts by electroplating a metal skin onto a mandrel that is later removed. Fine blanking produces finished parts in a single press stroke with cleanly sheared edges. Hydroforming uses high-pressure fluid to form materials like steel into dies while laser forming thermally shapes sheet metal into 3D parts without contact. Powder metal forging fully densifies metal powders in a die to create precise net-shape components.
Group technology
GT Definition,Implementing Group Technology (GT),four methods GT, 1.OPTIZ PARTS CLASSIFICATION AND CODING SYSTEM,2.MICLASS coding system ,CODE MDSI System,BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY and limitations.
COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING (CAPP)
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) helps determine the processing steps required to make a part after CAP has been used to define what is to be made. CAPP programs develop a process plan or route sheet by following either a variant or a generative approach.
Group Technology
This document provides an overview of group technology (GT) in manufacturing. It defines GT as an approach that groups similar parts into families to take advantage of their common design and production processes. The key benefits of GT include reduced setup times and inventory costs through specialized machine cells for each part family. While identifying appropriate part families and rearranging production equipment into cells can be challenging initially, GT aims to improve manufacturing efficiency through standardization and reduced material handling.
COMPUTER AIDED PROCESS PLANNING (CAPP)
CAPP is the use of computer technology to aid in the process planning of a part or product in manufacturing.
Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) is the application of computers to assist process planners in planning functions. CAPP integrates computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) by providing a direct connection between design and manufacturing. There are two main approaches to CAPP: variant process planning and generative process planning. Variant process planning retrieves and modifies standard process plans from a database, while generative process planning creates customized process plans using decision logic and part geometry data without predefined plans. CAPP provides benefits like increased productivity, consistency of plans, accuracy of plans, and reduced costs.
Low cost automation
This document discusses low cost automation techniques that can be used to improve productivity in manufacturing while requiring lower capital investments than more advanced automated systems. It introduces the concept of low cost automation as using simple pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical devices to automate existing production machinery. The document outlines several ways to achieve low cost automation, including through the use of mechanisms, pneumatics, electromechanical systems, electro-pneumatic systems, and hydro-pneumatic presses. The goal of low cost automation is to increase productivity and quality while reducing costs and labor needs.
CNC machining centers
CNC machining centers are machine tools that can perform multiple machining operations on a workpiece in a single setup under numerical control. They are classified as vertical, horizontal, or universal depending on the orientation of the machine spindle. Vertical machining centers have a vertically oriented spindle and are used for flat parts, while horizontal machining centers have a horizontally oriented spindle and are suitable for cube-shaped parts. CNC machining centers feature automatic tool changers, workpiece positioning systems, and automatic pallet changers to reduce non-productive time during machining operations.
DFMA design for manufacturing and assembly
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To provide an overview of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) techniques, which are used to minimize product cost through design and process improvements.
Canned cycle
Producing hole is one of the most common machining operation on a machining center.
Machining center have many hole making cycles such as Spot Drilling, Reaming, Deep Hole drilling, Peck drilling etc.
in this Ppt all canned cycle are explained i;e G70 G71 G72 G73 G75 G76 G81
CNC Programming
Modern precision manufacturing demands extreme dimensional accuracy and surface finish.Such performance is very difficult to achieve manually, if not impossible, even with expert operators. In cases where it is possible, it takes much higher time due to the need for frequent dimensional measurement to prevent overcutting. It is thus obvious that automated motion control would replace manual “handwheel” control in modern manufacturing. Development of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines has also made possible the automation of the machining processes with flexibility to handle production of small to medium batch of parts. In the 1940s when the U.S. Air Force perceived the need to manufacture complex parts for highspeed aircraft. This led to the development of computer-based automatic machine tool controls also known as the Numerical Control (NC) systems. Commercial production of NC machine tools started around the fifties and sixties around the world. Note that at this time the microprocessor has not yet been invented. Initially, the CNC technology was applied on lathes, milling machines, etc. which could perform a single type of metal cutting operation. Later, attempt was made to handle a variety of workpieces that may require several different types machining operations and to finish them in a single set-up. Thus CNC machining Centres capable of performing multiple operations were developed. To start with, CNC machining centres were developed for machining prismatic components combining operations like milling, drilling, boring and tapping. Gradually machines for manufacturing cylindrical components, called turning centers were developed.
Automatically controlling a machine tool based on a set of pre-programmed machining and movement instructions is known as numerical control, or NC.In a typical NC system the motion and machining instructions and the related numerical data, together called a part program, used to be written on a punched tape. The part program is arranged in the form of blocks of information, each related to a particular operation in a sequence
of operations needed for producing a mechanical component. The punched tape used to be read one block at a time. Each block contained, in a particular syntax, information needed for processing a particular machining instruction such as, the segment length, its cutting speed, feed, etc. These pieces of information were related to the final dimensions of the workpiece (length, width, and radii of circles) and the contour forms (linear, circular, or other) as per the drawing. Based on these dimensions, motion commands were given separately for each axis of motion. Other instructions and related machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, as well as auxiliary functions related to coolant flow, spindle speed, part clamping, are also provided in part programs depending on manufacturing specifications such as tolerance and surface finish. Punched tapes are mostly obsolete.
Chapter 3 CNC turning and machining centers
This document discusses CNC turning and machining centers. It describes turning as a machining process using a lathe where the tool moves parallel to the workpiece axis to remove material. CNC lathes are replacing older lathes. Milling involves using rotating cutting tools to produce flat and helical surfaces. Machining centers are classified as vertical, horizontal, or universal depending on the spindle orientation. Machining centers have automatic tool changers and may have automatic workpiece positioners or pallet changers to reduce non-productive time during machining operations.
Low Cost Automation
More economical automation is not so good at initial stage hence step wise automation need to be done to replace human work with automation, which defines need for low cost automation in india
Location and locating devices used in jigs and fixtures
This document discusses various principles and methods of locating workpieces in fixtures. It begins by defining what is meant by location and discusses the six degrees of freedom a workpiece has. It then covers different types of locating from plane surfaces using buttons, pins, pads and adjustable supports. It also discusses locating from profiles, cylinders, and preventing issues like redundant location and jamming. A variety of locating methods and components are presented, including dowel pins, nests, and sights. The document provides guidance on selecting locating methods based on workpiece and operation requirements.
Gear finishing processes
Explanation of Gear finishing processes including honing, lapping, shaving, burnishing, sand blasting, grinding, shot blasting, shot peening, phosphate coating
Incremental sheet forming
Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a metal forming process that uses localized deformation from a tool to form a sheet of metal into a 3D shape through a series of small increments. ISF has potential advantages over other sheet metal forming processes as it does not require dies, allows for localized production and reworking, and uses lower forming forces. However, ISF is not widely used in industry due to challenges achieving optimal mechanical capabilities and accuracy without expensive tool path optimization or workpiece support, and limitations of current machinery and tooling designs. The document outlines ongoing research projects at IfM to address these challenges through areas like tool force prediction, sandwich panel forming, real-time process control, and flexible workpiece support to
Water jet machining
Water jet machining uses a high-pressure stream of water to cut materials. It is a cold cutting process that produces no heat-affected zones. The water jet travels at supersonic speeds and erodes material when the local pressure exceeds the material's strength. Key components include a hydraulic pump to pressurize water, an intensifier to further pressurize it, and a nozzle to direct the jet. It can cut a variety of materials and offers advantages over other cutting methods like reduced burrs, flexibility of cutting complex shapes, and not producing heat or fumes. However, it is not suitable for high-volume production.
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY-I
The document discusses manufacturing processes and sand casting. It defines manufacturing as making goods by hand or machinery. Manufacturing processes are classified into casting, joining, forming, sheet metal work, plastics processing, machining, powder metallurgy, heat treatment, and assembly. Sand casting is described as producing metal parts by pouring molten metal into sand molds. Molds are made using patterns, cores, and molding machines in a foundry. Sand casting can make complex shapes and is used to produce parts in large quantities.
The jig and fixture design procedure
The document summarizes the key steps in the fixture design procedure: 1) locating, 2) clamping, 3) supporting, 4) applying cutter guides, and 5) drawing the fixture outline. It discusses locating and degrees of freedom, describing how locating elements are used to restrict the six degrees of freedom of an object. Specific examples are provided to illustrate how locating points can be applied to a rectangular block to restrict its motion and rotations. The document also discusses clamping elements, support, cutter guidance, and completing the fixture body. Common locating principles like six-point location, 3-2-1 principle, and 4-2-1 principle are explained.
Computer aided quality control
This document discusses computer aided quality control (CAQC). It introduces CAQC and explains that it uses computers to inspect and test manufactured products to ensure they meet defined quality standards. The objectives of CAQC are listed as increasing inspection and production productivity, reducing lead times and waste. The main components of CAQC are computer aided inspection (CAI) and computer aided testing (CAT). CAI uses 3D scanning and CAD modeling to check part specifications, while CAT simulates stresses and other factors to test attributes like strength. The advantages of CAQC include data harvesting, allowing 100% inspection and testing, using non-contact sensors, and providing computerized feedback control.
CNC part programming
CNC machines use computer programs and numeric control to operate machine tools like milling machines and lathes. Key features include automated tool changes and multi-axis movement controlled by motors. CNC programming involves specifying coordinates, feed rates, spindle speeds, and preparatory codes like G-codes for different motions and functions. Programs are debugged to ensure accurate machining based on part designs.
Tool Geometry & It’s Signature.
This document discusses tool geometry and signatures for single point cutting tools. It defines key tool angles such as rake angles, clearance angles, and cutting edge angles. Rake angles are provided for chip flow, while clearance angles avoid rubbing between the tool and workpiece. The document then explains ANSI tool signature standards and defines each element of a signature for a single point tool, including back rake angle, side rake angle, end and side relief angles, end and side cutting edge angles, and nose radius. An example signature of 0-7-6-8-15-16-0.8 is provided.
Design Consideration For Casting
The document discusses design considerations for castings. It notes that casting involves pouring molten material into a mold to create complex shapes. Successful casting requires controlling variables like the material, casting method, cooling rate, and gases. The document outlines design considerations like designing parts for easy casting, selecting suitable materials and processes, locating parting lines and gates, and including features like sprues and risers. It also discusses designing parts to avoid defects from things like shrinkage, stress concentrations, and uneven cooling. The document concludes by mentioning some common casting defects and factors in the economics of casting like costs of molds, materials, and production rates.
CNC MILLING Operations
CNC milling machines use computerized controls and rotating cutting tools to remove material from a workpiece. There are two main types - horizontal and vertical milling machines - classified based on the orientation of the spindle axis. Milling operations include planer milling (point-to-point and straight cuts) and contour milling. Common planer milling operations are end milling, face milling, drilling and boring, while contour milling is used for profile milling.
Welding fixtures
The document discusses various types of tooling used for joining processes like welding, brazing and soldering. It describes different considerations for designing fixtures for gas welding, arc welding and resistance welding. Fixtures need to hold parts in proper alignment, allow for heat control and prevent distortion. Materials must withstand high temperatures and properly direct heat flow. The document also discusses workholding principles and tooling designs for CNC machines.
Group Technology
Group technology (GT) is a manufacturing philosophy that groups similar parts together based on their design attributes and manufacturing processes. This allows parts to be processed in dedicated machine cells. Key benefits include reduced setup times, work-in-process inventory, and material handling due to processing parts within cells rather than across the entire factory. Implementing GT involves substantial tasks like identifying part families and rearranging production machines into cells.
Group technology and cellular manufacturing
This document discusses group technology and cellular manufacturing. Group technology is a manufacturing philosophy that groups similar parts together to take advantage of their design and production similarities. Cellular manufacturing is an application of group technology where machines are organized into cells dedicated to producing part families. The key benefits are reduced setup times, inventory, and lead times while improving equipment utilization and throughput.
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Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) is the application of computers to assist process planners in planning functions. CAPP integrates computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) by providing a direct connection between design and manufacturing. There are two main approaches to CAPP: variant process planning and generative process planning. Variant process planning retrieves and modifies standard process plans from a database, while generative process planning creates customized process plans using decision logic and part geometry data without predefined plans. CAPP provides benefits like increased productivity, consistency of plans, accuracy of plans, and reduced costs.
Low cost automation
This document discusses low cost automation techniques that can be used to improve productivity in manufacturing while requiring lower capital investments than more advanced automated systems. It introduces the concept of low cost automation as using simple pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical devices to automate existing production machinery. The document outlines several ways to achieve low cost automation, including through the use of mechanisms, pneumatics, electromechanical systems, electro-pneumatic systems, and hydro-pneumatic presses. The goal of low cost automation is to increase productivity and quality while reducing costs and labor needs.
CNC machining centers
CNC machining centers are machine tools that can perform multiple machining operations on a workpiece in a single setup under numerical control. They are classified as vertical, horizontal, or universal depending on the orientation of the machine spindle. Vertical machining centers have a vertically oriented spindle and are used for flat parts, while horizontal machining centers have a horizontally oriented spindle and are suitable for cube-shaped parts. CNC machining centers feature automatic tool changers, workpiece positioning systems, and automatic pallet changers to reduce non-productive time during machining operations.
DFMA design for manufacturing and assembly
Purpose Statement:
To provide an overview of Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) techniques, which are used to minimize product cost through design and process improvements.
Canned cycle
Producing hole is one of the most common machining operation on a machining center.
Machining center have many hole making cycles such as Spot Drilling, Reaming, Deep Hole drilling, Peck drilling etc.
in this Ppt all canned cycle are explained i;e G70 G71 G72 G73 G75 G76 G81
CNC Programming
Modern precision manufacturing demands extreme dimensional accuracy and surface finish.Such performance is very difficult to achieve manually, if not impossible, even with expert operators. In cases where it is possible, it takes much higher time due to the need for frequent dimensional measurement to prevent overcutting. It is thus obvious that automated motion control would replace manual “handwheel” control in modern manufacturing. Development of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines has also made possible the automation of the machining processes with flexibility to handle production of small to medium batch of parts. In the 1940s when the U.S. Air Force perceived the need to manufacture complex parts for highspeed aircraft. This led to the development of computer-based automatic machine tool controls also known as the Numerical Control (NC) systems. Commercial production of NC machine tools started around the fifties and sixties around the world. Note that at this time the microprocessor has not yet been invented. Initially, the CNC technology was applied on lathes, milling machines, etc. which could perform a single type of metal cutting operation. Later, attempt was made to handle a variety of workpieces that may require several different types machining operations and to finish them in a single set-up. Thus CNC machining Centres capable of performing multiple operations were developed. To start with, CNC machining centres were developed for machining prismatic components combining operations like milling, drilling, boring and tapping. Gradually machines for manufacturing cylindrical components, called turning centers were developed.
Automatically controlling a machine tool based on a set of pre-programmed machining and movement instructions is known as numerical control, or NC.In a typical NC system the motion and machining instructions and the related numerical data, together called a part program, used to be written on a punched tape. The part program is arranged in the form of blocks of information, each related to a particular operation in a sequence
of operations needed for producing a mechanical component. The punched tape used to be read one block at a time. Each block contained, in a particular syntax, information needed for processing a particular machining instruction such as, the segment length, its cutting speed, feed, etc. These pieces of information were related to the final dimensions of the workpiece (length, width, and radii of circles) and the contour forms (linear, circular, or other) as per the drawing. Based on these dimensions, motion commands were given separately for each axis of motion. Other instructions and related machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, as well as auxiliary functions related to coolant flow, spindle speed, part clamping, are also provided in part programs depending on manufacturing specifications such as tolerance and surface finish. Punched tapes are mostly obsolete.
Chapter 3 CNC turning and machining centers
This document discusses CNC turning and machining centers. It describes turning as a machining process using a lathe where the tool moves parallel to the workpiece axis to remove material. CNC lathes are replacing older lathes. Milling involves using rotating cutting tools to produce flat and helical surfaces. Machining centers are classified as vertical, horizontal, or universal depending on the spindle orientation. Machining centers have automatic tool changers and may have automatic workpiece positioners or pallet changers to reduce non-productive time during machining operations.
Low Cost Automation
More economical automation is not so good at initial stage hence step wise automation need to be done to replace human work with automation, which defines need for low cost automation in india
Location and locating devices used in jigs and fixtures
This document discusses various principles and methods of locating workpieces in fixtures. It begins by defining what is meant by location and discusses the six degrees of freedom a workpiece has. It then covers different types of locating from plane surfaces using buttons, pins, pads and adjustable supports. It also discusses locating from profiles, cylinders, and preventing issues like redundant location and jamming. A variety of locating methods and components are presented, including dowel pins, nests, and sights. The document provides guidance on selecting locating methods based on workpiece and operation requirements.
Gear finishing processes
Explanation of Gear finishing processes including honing, lapping, shaving, burnishing, sand blasting, grinding, shot blasting, shot peening, phosphate coating
Incremental sheet forming
Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a metal forming process that uses localized deformation from a tool to form a sheet of metal into a 3D shape through a series of small increments. ISF has potential advantages over other sheet metal forming processes as it does not require dies, allows for localized production and reworking, and uses lower forming forces. However, ISF is not widely used in industry due to challenges achieving optimal mechanical capabilities and accuracy without expensive tool path optimization or workpiece support, and limitations of current machinery and tooling designs. The document outlines ongoing research projects at IfM to address these challenges through areas like tool force prediction, sandwich panel forming, real-time process control, and flexible workpiece support to
Water jet machining
Water jet machining uses a high-pressure stream of water to cut materials. It is a cold cutting process that produces no heat-affected zones. The water jet travels at supersonic speeds and erodes material when the local pressure exceeds the material's strength. Key components include a hydraulic pump to pressurize water, an intensifier to further pressurize it, and a nozzle to direct the jet. It can cut a variety of materials and offers advantages over other cutting methods like reduced burrs, flexibility of cutting complex shapes, and not producing heat or fumes. However, it is not suitable for high-volume production.
MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY-I
The document discusses manufacturing processes and sand casting. It defines manufacturing as making goods by hand or machinery. Manufacturing processes are classified into casting, joining, forming, sheet metal work, plastics processing, machining, powder metallurgy, heat treatment, and assembly. Sand casting is described as producing metal parts by pouring molten metal into sand molds. Molds are made using patterns, cores, and molding machines in a foundry. Sand casting can make complex shapes and is used to produce parts in large quantities.
The jig and fixture design procedure
The document summarizes the key steps in the fixture design procedure: 1) locating, 2) clamping, 3) supporting, 4) applying cutter guides, and 5) drawing the fixture outline. It discusses locating and degrees of freedom, describing how locating elements are used to restrict the six degrees of freedom of an object. Specific examples are provided to illustrate how locating points can be applied to a rectangular block to restrict its motion and rotations. The document also discusses clamping elements, support, cutter guidance, and completing the fixture body. Common locating principles like six-point location, 3-2-1 principle, and 4-2-1 principle are explained.
Computer aided quality control
This document discusses computer aided quality control (CAQC). It introduces CAQC and explains that it uses computers to inspect and test manufactured products to ensure they meet defined quality standards. The objectives of CAQC are listed as increasing inspection and production productivity, reducing lead times and waste. The main components of CAQC are computer aided inspection (CAI) and computer aided testing (CAT). CAI uses 3D scanning and CAD modeling to check part specifications, while CAT simulates stresses and other factors to test attributes like strength. The advantages of CAQC include data harvesting, allowing 100% inspection and testing, using non-contact sensors, and providing computerized feedback control.
CNC part programming
CNC machines use computer programs and numeric control to operate machine tools like milling machines and lathes. Key features include automated tool changes and multi-axis movement controlled by motors. CNC programming involves specifying coordinates, feed rates, spindle speeds, and preparatory codes like G-codes for different motions and functions. Programs are debugged to ensure accurate machining based on part designs.
Tool Geometry & It’s Signature.
This document discusses tool geometry and signatures for single point cutting tools. It defines key tool angles such as rake angles, clearance angles, and cutting edge angles. Rake angles are provided for chip flow, while clearance angles avoid rubbing between the tool and workpiece. The document then explains ANSI tool signature standards and defines each element of a signature for a single point tool, including back rake angle, side rake angle, end and side relief angles, end and side cutting edge angles, and nose radius. An example signature of 0-7-6-8-15-16-0.8 is provided.
Design Consideration For Casting
The document discusses design considerations for castings. It notes that casting involves pouring molten material into a mold to create complex shapes. Successful casting requires controlling variables like the material, casting method, cooling rate, and gases. The document outlines design considerations like designing parts for easy casting, selecting suitable materials and processes, locating parting lines and gates, and including features like sprues and risers. It also discusses designing parts to avoid defects from things like shrinkage, stress concentrations, and uneven cooling. The document concludes by mentioning some common casting defects and factors in the economics of casting like costs of molds, materials, and production rates.
CNC MILLING Operations
CNC milling machines use computerized controls and rotating cutting tools to remove material from a workpiece. There are two main types - horizontal and vertical milling machines - classified based on the orientation of the spindle axis. Milling operations include planer milling (point-to-point and straight cuts) and contour milling. Common planer milling operations are end milling, face milling, drilling and boring, while contour milling is used for profile milling.
Welding fixtures
The document discusses various types of tooling used for joining processes like welding, brazing and soldering. It describes different considerations for designing fixtures for gas welding, arc welding and resistance welding. Fixtures need to hold parts in proper alignment, allow for heat control and prevent distortion. Materials must withstand high temperatures and properly direct heat flow. The document also discusses workholding principles and tooling designs for CNC machines.
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Location and locating devices used in jigs and fixtures
Location and locating devices used in jigs and fixtures
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Group technology (GT) is a manufacturing philosophy that groups similar parts together based on their design attributes and manufacturing processes. This allows parts to be processed in dedicated machine cells. Key benefits include reduced setup times, work-in-process inventory, and material handling due to processing parts within cells rather than across the entire factory. Implementing GT involves substantial tasks like identifying part families and rearranging production machines into cells.
Group technology and cellular manufacturing
This document discusses group technology and cellular manufacturing. Group technology is a manufacturing philosophy that groups similar parts together to take advantage of their design and production similarities. Cellular manufacturing is an application of group technology where machines are organized into cells dedicated to producing part families. The key benefits are reduced setup times, inventory, and lead times while improving equipment utilization and throughput.
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Introduction to Group technology
Group technology (GT) is a manufacturing philosophy that improves productivity by grouping similar parts into families and organizing production machines into cells to manufacture those families. It involves three phases: standardizing processes and parts, reorganizing production lines into tight machine cells, and achieving organizational benefits like reduced design/production time and costs. Implementing GT provides tangible benefits like lower inventory levels, easier production control, and higher quality through process standardization.
Concurrent engineering
Concurrent engineering is a method where different stages of product development run simultaneously rather than consecutively to decrease time to market and costs. It aims to improve profitability through greater integration between departments. Key aspects include design for manufacturability to ease production and design for logistics to reduce logistic costs through efficient packaging and transportation. Benefits include competitive advantage and enhanced quality through parallel processing, but weaknesses can include excessive modification and late changes increasing costs if not carefully planned.
JIT and lean operations
This document provides an introduction to Just-in-Time (JIT) and Lean operations principles. It discusses that JIT aims to produce the right part at the right time with no waste. Key aspects of JIT include eliminating waste, reducing variability, and improving throughput. Specific tactics covered include implementing the 5S methodology, using kanban systems for pull production, establishing JIT partnerships with suppliers, and focusing on small lot sizes, reduced set-up times and lead times to minimize inventory levels. The document also contrasts JIT with Lean operations and discusses approaches for implementing JIT and Lean principles in both manufacturing and service industries.
OM CHAPTER lecture notes - Introduction,
The document discusses product design and standardization. It describes the product design process as having four steps: idea development, product screening, preliminary design and testing, and final design. It also discusses traditional product design approaches that lack coordination between functions and concurrent design approaches where cross-functional teams work together. The document outlines advantages of standardization and simplification such as reduced costs, improved quality and inventory control.
PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT , PRODUCT DESIGNES.pptx
The document discusses product design and standardization. It describes the product design process as having four steps: idea development, product screening, preliminary design and testing, and final design. It also discusses traditional product design approaches that lack coordination between functions and concurrent design approaches where cross-functional teams work together. The document outlines advantages of standardization and simplification such as reduced costs, improved quality and inventory control.
Production Planning & Control
Production planning and control involves three main stages: planning, operation, and control. Planning determines what to produce, how to produce it, where, when, who will produce it, and how much to produce. Operation is the execution of the production plan. Control involves comparing actual results to production standards and taking corrective actions if needed. Key factors that determine the appropriate production planning and control system include the production volume, nature of the production process, complexity of operations, and magnitude of operations. The system aims to maximize efficiency, utilization of resources, and reliable delivery while minimizing costs and maintaining product quality.
Engineering solutions
Helping industrial OEMs reduce engineering and design cost, time to market, and improve equipment uptime through smart value redesign and engineering support
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This document discusses concepts related to product design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA). It defines DFMA as the combination of design for manufacturing (DFM) and design for assembly (DFA) to efficiently manufacture and easily assemble products with minimum cost. The document outlines several key principles of DFMA, including reducing the number of parts, designing for ease of fabrication and manufacturing, utilizing common parts and materials, and mistake-proofing designs. The overall goal of DFMA is to integrate product design with manufacturing processes to lower costs and shorten development time.
Production planning and control
This document discusses production planning and control (PPC). It defines key terms like production, production management, production planning and production control. It describes the steps in production planning like process planning, routing, scheduling and loading. It also discusses the steps in production control such as dispatching, follow up, cost control and quality control. The document highlights benefits of PPC like higher quality, better resource utilization and lower costs. It was presented by students to fulfill requirements for a Master's degree in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Technology.
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Benefits of GT
- 1. 1 Group technology is a management strategy to help eliminate waste caused by duplication of effort. BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY
- 2. 2 BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY It affects all areas of a company, including: • engineering • equipment specification • facilities planning • process planning • production control • quality control • tool design • purchasing • service
- 3. 3 BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY Some of the well-known tangible and intangible benefits of implementing GT : 1. Engineering design • Reduction in new parts design • Reduction in the number of drawings through standardization • Reduction of drafting effort in new shop drawings • Reduction of number of similar parts, easy retrieval of similar functional parts, and identification of substitute parts
- 4. 4 BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY 2. Layout planning • Reduction in production floor space required • Reduced material-handling effort
- 5. 5 BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY 3. Specification of equipment, tools, jigs, and fixtures • Standardization of equipment • Implementation of cellular manufacturing systems • Significant reduction in up-front costs incurred in the release of new parts for manufacture
- 6. 6 BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY 4. Manufacturing: process planning • Reduction in setup time and production time • Alternative routing leading to improved part routing • Reduction in number of machining operations and numerical control (NC) programming time
- 7. 7 BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY 5. Manufacturing: production control • Reduced work-in-process inventory • Easy identification of bottlenecks • Improved material flow and reduced warehousing costs • Faster response to schedule changes • Improved usage of jigs, fixtures, pallets, tools, material handling, and manufacturing equipment
- 8. 8 BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY 6. Manufacturing: quality control • Reduction in number of defects leading to reduced inspection effort • Reduced scrap generation • Better output quality • Increased accountability of operators and supervisors responsible for quality production, making it easier to implement total quality control concepts.
- 9. 9 BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY 7. Purchasing • Coding of purchased part leading to standardized rules for purchasing • Economies in purchasing possible because of accurate knowledge of raw material requirements • Reduced number of part and raw materials • Simplified vendor evaluation procedures leading to just-in-time purchasing
- 10. 10 BENEFITS OF GROUP TECHNOLOGY 8. Customer service • Accurate and faster cost estimates • Efficient spare parts management, leading to better customer service