Jigs and fixtures are production tools used to accurately manufacture duplicate and interchangeable parts when large numbers are required. Jigs are guiding devices that locate and hold workpieces for machining, while fixtures are holding devices that attach to machines for quick, consistent locating, supporting, and clamping of blanks. Common jig types include plate jigs, box jigs, and indexing jigs. Common fixture types are plate fixtures, angle plate fixtures, and multistation fixtures. The main advantages of using jigs and fixtures are increased productivity, interchangeability of parts, uniform quality, reduced skill requirements, and lower costs.

1. JIGS AND FIXTURES
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Muhammad Ali Jinnah University Islamabad

2. Introduction
• Jigs and fixtures are production tools
• Used to accurately manufacture duplicate
and interchangeable parts.
• When large numbers of components can
be machined or assembled identically

3. Introduction
Jigs and fixtures may be large (air plane fuselages are built on picture frame
fixtures) or very small (as in watch making).

4. Jigs
• Device that holds, supports, or is
placed on a part to be machined.
• locates and holds the work piece
• Guides the cutting tool
• For repeatability and exact
duplication of a part for reproduction

5. Jigs
A jig is usually made of metal which locates and holds the work-piece(s) in a
positive manner and also guides the cutting tools

6. Jigs

7. Fixtures
• Strong and rigid mechanical devices which
attaches to a machine
• For quick and consistently accurate
locating, supporting and clamping, blanks
against cutting tools
• Much-wider scope of application than jigs
• Common fixtures include milling fixtures,
lathe fixtures, sawing fixtures, and grinding
fixtures

8. Fixtures
Custom fixture set up. This image shows a custom
fixture set up designed to inspect a specific part.

9. Fixtures
Simple Fixture

10. Jig or Fixture
Jig is a guiding device
and
fixture is a holding device

11. Jigs and Fixture Material
• Materials used in Jigs and fixtures are made
from a variety of materials, some of which can
be hardened to resist wear.
Given below are the materials often used in jigs, fixtures, press tools
etc. Some common materials are as following:
• Hardened Steel.
• Carbide.
• Bronze.
• Stainless Steel.

12. Types of jigs
• Jigs may be divided into two general classes:
Boring jigs and Drill jigs
• Boring jigs are used to bore holes that either is too large
to drill or must be made an odd size.
• Drill jigs are used to drill , ream, tap, chamfer, and
counter bore, countersink and reverse.
Basic jig is almost the same for either machining operation.
The only difference is in the size of the bushings used

13. Template Jigs
• Template jigs are normally used for accuracy rather than speed.
• This type of jig fits over, on, or into the work and is not usually clamped
• Least expensive and simplest type of jig to use
• When bushings are not used, the whole jig plate is normally hardened

14. Plate Jigs
• Similar to templates, The only difference is that
plate jigs have built-in clamps to hold the work.
• Made with or without bushings, depending on
the number of parts to be made

15. Table Jig
• Plate jigs are sometimes made with legs to raise the jig
off the table for large work. This style is called a table jig.

16. Sandwich Jigs
• Sandwich jigs are a form of plate jig with a back plate,
This type of jig is ideal for thin or soft parts that could
bend or warp in another style of jig.

17. Angle Plate Jigs
Angle-plate jigs are used to hold parts that are machined at right
angles to their mounting locators. Pulleys, collars, and gears are
some of the parts that use this type of a jig,

18. Modified angle plate jigs
• Used for machining angles other than 90 degree

19. Box jigs
• Box jigs, or tumble jigs, usually totally surround the part.
This style of jig allows the part to be completely
machined on every surface without the need to
reposition the work in the jig.

20. Channel Jigs
• Channel jigs are the simplest form of box jig. The work is
held between two sides and machined from the third side.
In some cases, where jig feet are used, the work can be
machined on three sides.

21. Leaf Jigs
• Leaf jigs are small box jigs with a hinged leaf to allow for
easier loading and unloading.
• The main differences between leaf jigs and box jigs are
size and part location.
• Leaf jigs are normally smaller than box jigs and are
sometimes made so that they do not completely
surround the part

22. Indexing Jig
• Indexing jigs are used to accurately space holes or other
machined areas around a part. To do this, the jig uses
either the part itself or a reference plate and a plunger.
Larger indexing jigs are called rotary jigs

23. Trunnion Jigs
• Trunnion jigs are a form of rotary jig for very large or
odd-shaped parts
• This jig is well suited for large, heavy parts that must be
machined with several separate plate type jigs

24. Pump Jigs
• Pump jigs are commercially made jigs that must be
adapted by the user. The lever-activated plate makes
this tool very fast to load and unload.

25. Multistation jigs
• Multistation jigs are made in any of the forms already
discussed. The main feature of this jig is how it locates
the work. While one part is drilled, another can be
reamed and third counter bored

26. Types of Fixtures
These work holders are designed for applications where
the cutting tools cannot be guided as easily as a drill.
With fixtures, an edge finder, center finder, or gage
blocks position the cutter

27. Plate fixtures
• Plate fixtures are the simplest form of fixture. The basic
fixture is made from a flat plate that has a variety of
clamps and locators to hold and locate the part. The
simplicity of this fixture makes it useful for most
machining operations

28. Angle plate fixtures
• The angle-plate fixture is a variation of the plate fixture.
With this tool, the part is normally machined at a right
angle to its locator.

29. Modified angle plate fixtures
• While most angle-plate fixtures are made at 90 degrees,
there are times when other angles are needed. In these
cases, a modified angle-plate fixture can be used

30. Vise Jaw fixture
• Vise-jaw fixtures are used for machining small parts
• Vise-jaw fixtures are the least expensive type of fixture to
make
• Use is limited only by the sizes of the vises available

31. Indexing fixtures
• Indexing fixtures are very similar to indexing jigs. These
fixtures are used for machining parts that must have
machined details evenly spaced

32. Multistation fixtures
• Multistation fixtures are used primarily for high-speed,
high-volume production runs, where the machining cycle
must be continuous

33. Duplex fixtures
• Duplex fixtures are the simplest form of multistation
fixture, using only two stations. This form allows the
loading and unloading operations to be performed while
the machining operation is in progress

34. Profiling fixtures
• Profiling fixtures are used to guide tools for machining
contours that the machine cannot normally follow

35. Advantages of jigs and fixtures
• Increased Productivity
• Interchangeability
• Jigs and Fixtures facilitate uniform quality in manufacturing. There is no need for
selective assembly. Any parts of the machine fit properly in assembly, and all similar
components are interchangeable
• Skill Reduction
• Cost Reduction

36. JIGS AND FIXTURES