3. Your Role Recognize signs of sudden illness and trauma React appropriately Remain calm Welfare of the individual is a priority Activate EMS – Perform Basic First Aid
4. 4 Goals of Basic First Aid 1. Keep the person alive 2. Prevent condition from getting worse 3. Help promote recovery from injury or illness 4. Ensure victim receives medical care ASAP
5. 1. Name and phone number 2. Location and number of victims 3. Any special circumstances or conditions “What Happened” 4. What is being done for the victim
6. Always Check The Scene For Safety Check head to toe Assess for breathing and responsiveness Do you ever move a victim? Can some one refuse care?
7. New Hope Community’s Emergency Procedure 1. Safety of the individual 2. Assess illness or injury (emergency or non- emergency) 3. Call 4. “On campus” activate blue light 5. The blue light will activate an alarm in neighboring homes that assistance is needed 6. “On Campus” notify the “on-call nurse” 701- 7758
8. 7. IRA (off campus) call caseload nurse as soon as possible 8. Stay with the person, perform first aid, reassure and comfort. 9. Notify Manager as soon as possible. First Aid supplies are available in all programs. Emergency first aid supplies are found in the top of the PPE box
9. If you are ever in doubt if a situation is an emergency or not Call
17. Bruise Apply cold 20 minutes on 20 minutes off or as tolerated. Do not apply ice directly to the skin Use cold packs such as a frozen bag of peas or bag of ice. Notify your nurse of the bruise Document Observe
18. Major Bleeding Place sterile gauze on the wound and apply direct pressure Do not put pressure on an object in the wound Do not put pressure on the scalp if the skull may be injured If needed put another dressing on top of the first dressing keep applying pressure Treat for shock and call
19. Bleeding Pressure Points If bleeding cannot be stopped apply pressure to the pressure point directly above the wound
20. Impaled Object Do not remove the object Dress the wound around the object Pad the object in place with large dressings or folded cloths Call do not try to transport the person If the object is in the eye. Cover the good eye Stabilize the head and object in the eye
21. Amputations Control the bleeding by applying direct pressure If the amputation involves a major artery apply pressure to pressure point above the wound apply a tourniquet if bleeding cannot be stopped with pressure to wound and pressure point
22. Shock Shock is a life threatening emergency Shock occurs when the circulatory system begins to shut down Blood is not able to reach the vital organs. Always call when shock occurs
23. Causes of Shock Trauma Severe bleeding Internal bleeding Dehydration Heart failure Serious infection Serious burns Allergic reaction
24. Symptoms of Shock Anxious, confusion, agitation, restlessness Dizziness ,light-headedness Cool, clammy or sweaty Pale or bluish lips Rapid, shallow breathing Thirst Nausea, vomiting Changing levels of responsiveness
25. First Aid for Shock Check for life threatening injuries Call If unresponsive and no suspected spinal injuries place person in the recovery position Responsive person position on their back and elevate their legs 8-12 inches (if possible) Loosen any tight clothing Cover with blanket or what ever is available to keep them warm Stay with the person, reassure and comfort
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27. Anaphylactic Shock Anaphylactic shock is a life threatening allergic reaction. Call Reaction may occur from bee stings, foods, medicines or other allergies Signs of anaphylactic shock Neck, face, tongue swelling restlessness, agitation Difficulty breathing, weak fast pulse, low blood pressure
28. First Aid for Anaphylactic Shock Call If person has an Epi-Pen administer as instructed Stay with person Notify you nurse as soon as possible Maintain breathing (CPR) Monitor vital signs
29. Nose bleed Have person sit and tilt head slightly forward with mouth open Pinch the nostril together just below the bride of the nose for 10 minutes Ask the person to breath through their mouth and cough, speak, swallow or sniff Seek medical attention if bleeding continues after 2 attempts to control bleeding Take vital signs and notify your nurse
30. Tooth Knocked Out To control bleeding, fold or roll gauze into a pad and place it over the tooth socket. Have the person bite down on the gauze for pressure for 20-30 minutes Save the tooth, place in a container with milk See a dentist ASAP The tooth may be re-implanted if the person see a dentist as soon as possible.
31. Burns There are 4 types of burns First degree Second degree Third degree Chemical Electrical
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33. First degree burn Leading cause ? Signs and symptoms Skin is red, dry and painful May be some swelling Skin is not broken First Aid Stop the burning by removing the heat source Cool the burn with room temperature/tepid water for at least 10minutes Remove clothing or jewelry or restrictive items before the area swells Protect the burn from friction or pressure Apply Aloe gel or pure aloe from the aloe plant Apply aloe liberally and often
34. Second degree burns Signs and symptoms Skin is swollen and red, may be blotchy or streaked Blisters that maybe weeping clear fluid Signs of significant pain First Aid Stop the burning by removing the heat source Cool the burned area with room temperature water by immersing or cover a large are with wet cloth (but not most of the body) for 10 minutes Removing clothing and jewelry from the area Cover with a sterile dressing loosely no not break the blister Individual needs to see the Healthcare Practitioner with 48 hours.
35. Third degree burns Signs and symptoms Skin damage, charred, or white leathery skin May have signs and symptoms of shock First Aid Remove heat source Remove clothing and jewelry if possible Carefully cover the burn with sterile dressing Call Monitor vital signs
36. Chemical burns Signs and symptoms Chemical on the persons skin or clothing Complaints of pain or burning sensation First Aid Rinse liquid chemical or brush dry chemical from the skin for 30 minutes. Use a sink or shower Wear glove and or mask if needed Call for any chemical burn
37. Electrical burns Always assess the area. Make sure the “Scene is Safe” When the area is safe assess for live threatening conditions, breathing, cardiac arrest Call
38. Falls The leading cause of injury at New Hope First Aid Do a head to toe assessment Check for injury, loss of consciousness Notify your nurse or nurse on duty immediately Do not move person if you suspect serious injury Call if you suspect serious injury, person loss consciousness, falling down stairs, fell out of vehicle, or hit their head on a hard surface or object
39. Bites Human Bites Wash the area with soap and water Notify nursing Exposure incident Insect bites Is individual allergic? Remove stinger (bee) Clean with soap and water Cool compress Apply over the counter insect bite medicine if indicated and instructed by nurse
40. Animal bite Must be reported and evaluated by either primary care, urgent care, or hospital. Avoid contact with salvia that may be on skin Depending on severity wash with soap and water or cover with sterile dressing and seek medical care immediately
41. Seizures There are several different types of seizures Know your individual Know what type of seizure/s they have Basic first aid Stay with the person Protect from injury Observe and time Document
42. Status Epilepticus When does a seizure become an emergency Lasting longer then 5 minute (know your individual) First time seizure Major seizure with a history of mild seizures Cluster seizures Seizure in water, Seizure related to heat or cold Pregnant staff having a seizure Unsure of seizure history
43. What to do: Stay with the person Send someone to phone 911 Protect from injury Observe, time seizure Notify nursing as soon as possible
45. General signs and symptoms of sudden illness Person feels ill, dizzy, confused, weak Skin color change – pale or flushed Sweating Nausea, vomiting Not acting right General care for sudden illness Call , notify your nurse as soon as possible Help the person to rest and avoid getting chilled or over heated Reassure the person Do not give food or drink Monitor vital signs
46. How do you tell if someone is ill if they cannot express themselves verbally Change in behavior Agitated Self injurious Not eating or sleeping Unusually quiet, withdrawn Pale or flushed Confusion Not acting right
47. Signs of a Heart Attack Chest pain - persistent pain, pressure, or tightness, or ache Pain may go to neck, shoulders, arms and jaw Back pain Shortness of breath Dizziness, lightheadedness Feeling of impending doom Pale skin, sweating Nausea and vomiting
48. Heart Attack First Aid Call immediately Help the person to rest in a comfortable position Loosen tight clothing Stay with the person reassure Notify your nurse as soon as possible Monitor vital signs
49. Signs of a Stroke Sudden, severe headache Sudden weakness or numbness of face, arm or leg on one side Dizziness, confusion, difficulty with speech Vision problems Changes in level of responsiveness
50. Respiratory Distress Person is unable to catch their breath Noisy breathing, wheezing or gurgling Breathing is faster or slower, deeper or shallow Nasal flaring Appears to be working hard to breath Fear, anxiety Gray blue skin Persistent cough Change in levels of responsiveness
51. First Aid for Respiratory Distress If the individual is not known to have Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Have the person rest in a sitting position Stay with the person Reassure the person Call , notify nursing as soon as possible Monitor vital signs Normal breathing rate is 16 -24 breaths per minute
52. Signs of Diabetes Increase thirst Increase hunger Frequent urination Slow healing sores Frequent infections Urinary tract Cold, bronchitis Yeast infection Fatigue Mood swings Blurred vision Dry flushed skin Tingling of hands or feet Nausea Weight loss Fruity odor to the breath
53. Signs of Low Blood SugarTreatment Give 15 grams of a rapid acting carbohydrate ½ cup juice or reg soda 1 cup skim milk 2 tsp of sugar 3-4 glucose tablets 3 tsp glucose gel Wait 10-15 minutes recheck B/S. Repeat above until B/S Reaches 70. Follow with a small meal
54. Fever/Hyperthermia Signs and symptoms Warm flushed skin Shivering, chills Complaints of body aches Headache Nausea Confusion Elevated temperature greater then 100 Treatment Notify nurse immediately Give fluids Tylenol/Motrin per MD order an nurse Tepid compresses on wrist, head, back of neck, under arms Keep warm, but do not over heat or let individual get chilled
55. Low Body Temperature/Hypothermia Signs and Symptoms Skin cold to touch Pale Lethargic Confused, disorientated Body temp below 96 Risk factors for hypothermia Severe illness, aging, medications, exposure to cold environment Treatment Warm individual with blankets Notify nurse immediately Warm fluids to drink Hat and mittens Monitor vital signs If body temp below 93 seek medical attention
56. Vomiting and Diarrhea Treatment for vomiting Notify your nurse Give small sips often of Flat coke or ginger ale Tea Gatorade Monitor for dehydration Treatment for diarrhea Diarrhea is 3 or more loose watery bowel movements Notify your nurse Give 6-8 ounces of fluid every 3-4 hours Flat coke or ginger ale Tea Gatorade Monitor for dehydration
57. Dehydration Treatment/Prevention Signs and symptoms/risk factors Dry skin, eyes sunken Tongue, lips dry Decreased urine output, and dark colored urine Fast heartbeat Increased respirations Confusion, disorientation Lethargy Risk factor: vomiting, diarrhea, Poor fluid intake, elderly, diabetes, medicine, inability to communicate Notify nurse immediately Give small amounts of fluid frequently if no nausea or vomiting Monitor vital signs Document intake and out put Depending on severity may need medical attention immediately. Prevention: offer fluid throughout the day, (caffeinated beverages do not count as fluid) monitor intake and output of those at risk.
58. Influenza H1N1 symptoms Rapid in onset 4-6 hours after first symptoms Symptoms are more severe then seasonal flu Fever chills Body aches Cough Sore throat Runny nose Vomiting and diarrhea can occur Seasonal flu symptom Rapid in onset 8-12 hours after first symptoms Fever chills Body aches Cough Runny nose Sore throat Vomiting and diarrhea usually seen in children
59. Prevent The Spread Of InfluenzaStay Home If You Are SickGet The Flu Vaccine
