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Basic First Aid

First Aid is the initial care provided to an injured or ill person until full medical treatment is available. It involves assessing the situation, preserving life, preventing further injury, and promoting recovery through techniques like CPR, controlling bleeding, and treating shock. The key steps in providing first aid are checking for safety, assessing the individual's condition, providing care like rescue breathing, and seeking further medical help.

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Emergency First Aid•
BASIC FIRST AID
What is First Aid? First Aid is the Management of a sudden illness or injury provided before the Emergency Services arrive to provide Professional Medical Care . First Aid is called “Training for Life”. First Aid is not a treatment, it is to manage a situation till the professionals come.
The 3 Principles of First Aid PRESERVE LIFE – To maintain the safety and well being of all those involved in the emergency. PREVENT DETERIORATION – Carry out a patient assessment and treatment with care. PROMOTE RECOVERY – Arrange for medical care and provide first aid in accordance with the training and skill.
Emergency Management Procedure EARLY RECOGNITION AND CALLING FOR HELP EARLY CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) EARLY DEFIBRILLATION ( When Electrical energy stops coming from the brain to heart – Ventricular Fibrillation ) EARLY ADVANCE CARE
The CARE Cycle! SCENE SURVEY – Avoiding the Danger from Fire, Gas, Electric, Water, etc. ASSESS RESPONSE – Monitor and Note AIRWAY – Maintain Open Airway BREATHING – Check for patient’s normal breathing LIFE THREATNING CONDITIONS – Prevent deteriorating, check for severe Bleeding, Shock, etc. ONGOING ASSESSMENTS – Continue the cycle again & again as required The Cyclic Management for Care
SCENE ? S – Stop (Look, Listen and Think) C – Check for Danger (Environment – Consider your Limitations Specific Hazards – Gas, Chemical, Fire, Electrical, Confined spaces, Unstable surroundings) Moving Equipments – Vehicles, Plants, Machineries) E – Exposure Protection (Gloves & Face shields) Gloves should be checked blowing air first! N – No Obvious Risk E – Establish Priorities (Patient’s making the most noise, MAY NOT be the most seriously injured)
Life Threatening Conditions Cardiac Arrests Bleeding Shocking
CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) SCENE Survey Assess Response Open Airway Assess Breathing Summon Help Compressions Rescue Breaths Continue CPR
The Process of CPR Position should be vertically above the patient’s chest with arms locked straight 30 Chest Compressions @ 100/min 2 Rescue Breaths at a time Repeat the process and continue as required
Interesting Question We Inhale O2 and Exhale CO2 …so Why do we give CO2 in rescue breath when patient requires O2 to survive? There are 21% Oxygen in the atmosphere. Our body uses only 5% for biological activities. We exhale 16% of oxygen during respiration from which patient requires only 5% to use from each rescue breath.
Alternative Ventilation Procedure Mouth to Nose (It is recommended when it is impossible to ventilate through the patient’s mouth) Mouth to Stoma (Stoma is a surgical opening at the front of the neck that extends from the surface of the skin into the trachea) Mouth to Pocket Musk (It allows for combined oral nasal ventilations – One way valve is fitted with it)
CHOKING SCENE Survey Chocking Recognition – “Are you choking?” Mild Obstruction – Responsive Severe Obstruction – Not Responsive GIVE BACK BLOWS – 5 Sharp Blows ABDOMINAL THRUSTS – 5 Thrusts
Severe Bleeding SCENE SURVEY PRIMARY SURVEY POSITION OF PATIENT ELEVATE INSPECT THE INJURY APPLY DIRECT / INDIRECT PRESSURE BANDAGE WOUND SUMMON HELP TREAT FOR SHOCK
SHOCK Treatment How do you understand??? Patient will feel cold The carotid pulse rate will be abnormal Body temperature will be reduced No Capillary Refill How do you manage??? Help the patient into a lying position Maintain normal body temperature Summon Help Monitor the patient
Thank You First-Aiders