First_Aid_PF.ppt

1. peoplefirst-us.com

3.  Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance
with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements.
 It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in
this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the construction
and mining industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many
workplaces.
 It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations
contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor
should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of
hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed,
it is important to remember that safety issues in general and jobsites specifically will
require a great deal of site- or hazard-specificity – a “one size fits all” approach is not
recommended, nor will it likely be very effective.

4.  No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the
exact methods of remediation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary
constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for
safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have
been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of the
employer, its subcontractors, and its employees to comply with all pertinent rules
and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work.
 It is assumed that individuals using this presentation or content to augment their
training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be
otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with their
audiences.
 Areas of particular concern (or especially suited to discussion) have additional
information provided in the “notes” section of slides throughout the program…as a
presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or
problems inherent in those photos particularly.

5.  1. Electrical hazards
 2. Chemical hazards
 3. Noxious & Toxic gases
 4. Ground hazards
 5. Fire
 6. Unstable equipment
Before performing any First
Aid,
Check for:

6. Early
Access”911”
Early CPR
or First Aid
You
Early
Defibrillation
EMS on
scene
Early
Advanced
Care
Hospital
In order for a person to survive:
Pay attention to:
HISTORY; what happened; from the casualty or bystanders
SYMPTOMS; what only the casualty can tell you
SIGNS; what you can see for yourself

7. HIV & Hepatitis
Tuberculosis
Gloves & Respiratory
Barrier devise are a must
to prevent transmission
of diseases

8. DURING TREATMENT
avoid coughing, breathing, or speaking over the
wound
avoid contact with body fluids
use a face shield or mask with one-way-valve when
doing active resuscitation
use only clean bandages and dressings
avoid treating more than one casualty without
washing hands and changing gloves
AFTER TREATMENT
clean up both casualty and yourself
clean up the immediate vicinity
dispose of dressings, bandages, gloves and soiled
clothing correctly
wash hands with soap and water

9. Activate EMS System
“911”
 1. ABC (airway-breathing-circulation)
 2. Control bleeding
 3. Treat for Shock(medical emergencies)
 4. Open wounds & Burns
 5. Fractures & Dislocations
 6. Transportation

10.  Causes of Respiratory/Cardiac Arrest
Electrical
Drowning
Toxic -
Noxious
gases
Suffocation
Heart Attack Trauma
Drugs Allergic reactions

11.  If CPR/Artificial respiration is administered
 Chance of brain damage
0 to 4 minutes -
4 to 6 minutes -
6 to 10 minutes-
10 minutes + -
Recovery rate of
victim if has
atrificial respiation
done immediately
Oxygenated
blood flow
must get to
brain

12.  Use chin lift/head tilt
Look.-listen-feel for breathing
Attempt to Ventilate
Ventilate Every 5 seconds
• Establish responsiveness
Check pulse Recovery position

13.  Should be certified to perform this procedure
 If done improperly, could harm victim
 Courses available through Deep Mine Safety at
no cost to mining industry

14. open
closed
obstructed
Tongue

16. •Veins
•Capillary
Spurting
Steady flow
Oozing
Artery
Internal Injuries

18. Direct Pressure
Elevation
Cold Applications
Pressure bandage

19. Where the artery
passes over a bone
close to the skin
Temporal
Facial
Carotid
Sub-clavian
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal

20. Absolute last resort
in controlling
bleeding,Remember
Life or the limb
Once a tourniquet is
applied, it is not to be
removed , only by a
doctor

21. Shock affects are major
functions of the body
loss of blood flow to the
tissues and organs
Shock must be treated
for in all accident cases

22. •Lie victim down if possible
•Face is pale-raise the tail
•Face is red-raise the head
•Loosen tight clothing
•Keep victim warm and dry
•Do not give anything by mouth
•No stimulants

23. HEAT EXHAUSTION
HEAT EXHAUSTION is caused by exertion accompanied by heat and
high humidity. It particularly affects the very young and the elderly.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
pale, clammy skin
profuse and prolonged sweating
cramps in the limbs and/or abdomen
nausea and/or vomiting
headache
lethargy
CARE AND TREATMENT
complete rest in the shade, no further exertion
cool casualty by sponging with tepid water
when nausea passes, give cool water to drink (cautiously)
ensure casualty has assistance when recovered

24. HEAT STROKE
Heat stroke is potentially fatal. In this condition, the body's temperature regulation center in
the brain has been rendered inoperable, and the temperature continually rises, causing
eventual brain damage. Immediate active intervention is necessary to avoid coma and
death.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
flushed, hot, dry skin the casualty has ceased sweating
rapid, strong pulse (sometimes irregular)
irrational or aggressive behavior staggering gait
visual disturbances vomiting
collapse and seizures coma - death
CARE AND TREATMENT
urgent ambulance transport complete rest in shade
remove casualty's clothing
cool casualty with any means possible
be prepared to resuscitate as required
nothing by mouth - dehydration is required by intravenous fluids
administered by a doctor or ambulance crew

25. HYPOTHERMIA
HYPOTHERMIA is a potentially fatal condition that especially affects the elderly. The body's core
temperature has been lowered to the extent that the brain function is impaired and the heart's
activity is about to be compromised. Urgent first aid intervention is required.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
pale, cold skin - no capillary return when fingernails are pressed
slow pulse, sometimes skipping a beat
slow, shallow respirations blurred, or double, vision
casualty is silent, appears asleep, difficult to rouse; may be unconscious
casualty experiences a sense of 'wellbeing' absence of shivering
If very cold, may have non-reacting pupils and appear 'death-like'
CARE AND TREATMENT
urgent ambulance transport
warm casualty slowly, wrap in 'space blanket' or similar
if wet, leave less bulky clothing on and warm slowly
once casualty commences shivering, reassess heating
nothing by mouth until fully recovered
be prepared for sudden collapse and resuscitation

26. Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia)
Result of insufficient sugar- Fast onset
•Cold clammy skin, pale, rapid respiration's and pulse,
incoherent
•Treat by giving sugar bases products
Diabetic coma (Ketoacidosis)
Too much sugar or insufficient insulin- Slow onset
•Warm, dry skin, slow respirations, smell of rotten fruit on
breath
•True medical emergency, activate EMS system immediately
Find out if victim has past diabetic history

27. Rattlesnake Copperhead Black Widow Brown Recluse
Limit activity
Constricting bandage above
Cold application
Advanced medical attention

28. Thermal burns
Cool application
Cool application
Don’t break
blisters
Dry sterile dressing,
treat for shock

29. Severe Burns and Scalds
Treatment:
Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20 minutes. Or use Burn Jel.
Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible,
protecting burn area from ground contact.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the
injured area before it begins to swell.
Cover the injured area loosely with sterile unmediated dressing or
similar non fluffy material and bandage.
Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn.
Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury.
Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area.
Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering.
If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately,
If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the recovery
position.
Treat for shock.
Send for medical attention.

30. Minor Burns and Scalds
Treatment:
Place the injured part under slowly running water, or
soak in cold water for 10 minutes or as long as pain
persists.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, and shoes
from the injured area before it starts to swell.
Dress with clean, sterile, non fluffy material.
Don't use adhesive dressings.
Don't apply lotions, ointments or fat to burn/ scald.
Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere.
If in doubt, seek medical aid.

31. Chemical Burns
Treatment:
Flood the area with slowly running water
for at least ten minutes.
Gently remove contaminated clothing
while flooding injured area, taking care not
to contaminate yourself.
Continue treatment for SEVERE BURNS
Remove to hospital.

32. Must treat for bleeding first
Do not push
bones back
into place
Don’t straighten break
Treat the way you found it

33. IF A DISLOCATION IS SUSPECTED...
1. Apply a splint to the joint to keep it from moving.
2. Try to keep joint elevated to slow bloodflow to the area
3. A doctor should be contacted to have the bone set back into
its socket.
The most common dislocations occur in the shoulder, elbow, finger,
or thumb.
Dislocations
LOOK FOR THESE SIGNS:
1. swelling
2. deformed look
3. pain and tenderness
4. possible discoloration of the affected area

34. Must be a straight line break Can be formed to shape of
deformity
Be careful of temperature
change

35. PROPER CARE:
1. While waiting on help to arrive, keep the victim lying down in the recovery
position
2. Control any bleeding, and be sure that he is breathing properly.
3. Do not give the victim any liquids to drink.
4. If the victim becomes unconscious for any amount of time, keep track of this
information so that you can report it when medical help arrives.
Head Injuries
A sharp blow to the head could result in a concussion, a jostling of the brain
inside its protective, bony covering. A more serious head injury may result in
contusions, or bruises to the brain.
OTHER SYMPTOMS TO LOOK FOR IF YOU SUSPECT A VICTIM MAY HAVE
A BRAIN INJURY:
1. clear or reddish fluid draining from the ears, nose, or mouth
2. difficulty in speaking
3. headache
4. unequal size of pupils
5. pale skin
6. paralysis of an arm or leg (opposite side of the injury) or face (same side of
the injury)

36. CARE AND TREATMENT
ABC
extreme care in initial
examination — minimal
movement
urgent ambulance transport
apply cervical collar
treat for shock
treat any other injuries
maintain body heat
if movement required, 'log roll'
and use assistants
always maintain casualty's head
in line with the shoulders

37. Lifting techniques
Two person carry
Lift & roll
4 person straddle