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Baroque painting
Baroque painting is characterized by complicated compositions with different centers of attention, dynamic and complicated lines often using diagonals, and rich colors designed to create dramatic effects. Major Baroque painters include Caravaggio who used strong contrasts of light, Carracci who combined naturalism with idealization, Rubens who achieved balance between realism and idealism, Rembrandt with his mastery of light and shadow, and Velazquez who gave equal importance to subjects from royal portraits to everyday scenes. Rococo painting featured sensual beauty and depictions of high society, with Watteau, Fragonard, and Tiepolo portraying elegant figures in vibrant colors.
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Baroque painting
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- 2. Painting • Subjects: religiousand profane (mythological, allegorical, historical or portraits) • Composition: complicated; taste for big groups, with different centres of attention. Portraits are just essential • Lines: dynamic and complicate. Diagonal is the most used or combinations of horizontal and vertical • Colour: rich, with great effects due to the use of oil and contrast depending on the areas • Strange elements: secondary plans, mirrors
- 3. Painting • Kinds ofdepiction: – Religious: martyrdoms, sufferance and blood – Mythological: generally developed with contemporary characters – Allegorical: virtues and sins portrayed as humans – Portraits: royal, bourgeois (doelen), beggars, handicapped – Customs: every day’s life – Historical: bear witness of historical events – Landscapes: never quiet sceneries – Still-life: food and vegetables, flowers, animals – Vanities or vanitas: remainders of the egalitarian role of death
- 4. Painting: Italy • Caravaggio – – – – – – Verynaturalist Theologically incorrect Enormous contrasts of light Difficult compositions Known as the creator of tenebrism Works: Supper at Emmaus, the Death of the Virgin, Saint Mathew’s Conversion
- 6. Painting: Italy • Carracci – – – – Hereceived Caravaggio’s influence Naturalism Perfect and idealised world His works are completely different from those of Caravaggio – Works: Cerasi Chapel
- 8. Painting: Flanders • Rubens –He was a complete artist – Gifted with organization and a sense for realism and idealism – He enjoyed harmony’s enviable balance of opposites – Romantic but rooted in classical tradition – Works: The Three Graces, The Garden of Love, Catalina of Medici’s Portrait
- 10. Painting: Flanders • VanDyck – – – – He was Rubens’ s student In his works there in a languid melancholic mood Portraits of the aristocracy Works: Charles I • Jordaens – – – – Specialized in genre and banquet scenes Strong contrasts of light and shade Realistic images Works: The King Drinks
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- 12. Painting: Netherlands • Rembrant – – – – – – – – Thunderoususe of light and shade Dramatic figures filling the picture surface Fluid and vigorous brushwork He substituted the exact imitation of form by the suggestion of it: painting looked to be unfinished Limited palette but able to depict colours He worked in complex layers Great care to the physical qualities of the medium Works: The Night’s Ronda, Saskia having a Bath, The Jew Bridegroom, The Philosopher
- 14. Painting: Netherlands • Hals – – – – – Hebrought life to groups Portraits as a snapshot Unconventional work for his moment Quick depictions with a few touches of light Works: The Gipsy Girl • Vermeer – – – – – Domestic interiors Serene sense of compositional balance and spatial order Mundane, domestic or recreational activities He used the camera obscura to exaggerate perspective Works: Girl with the Pearl Earring, View of Delft, the Procuress, The Geographer
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- 16. Painting: France • Poussin –Founder of the classical school – Myths, essential subject and sensuality – Works: Et in Arcadia Ego • La Tour – Preocupation with the realistic rendering of light – Effects of chiaroscuro and diffusion of artificial illumination – Works: Marie Magdalene • Le Nain – Common life, peasants and poor people – Grave presences, not comic or gallant, neither picaresque or satirical – Works: Peasant’s Family
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- 18. Painting: Spain • Zurbarán – – – – – Hewas a portrait painter Main subjects: religious (saints, monastic orders’ members) Austere, harsh, hard edged style Still-lives Works: Paintings of the Guadalupe Monastery, Sainte Casilde, Still-life with lemons
- 20. Painting: Spain • Velázquez –He painted any kind of subjects – He was Court Painter and travelled to Italy to buy art works and he knew classical masters’ works – Portraits: include royal family and nobility, some of them equestrian, but also normal people of the court or even beggars (Olivares, Juan de Pareja, Esopo, Meninas) – Religious paintings are treated as common subjects, with great importance given to daily life objects (Christ in Martha and Mary’s house)
- 21. Painting: Spain – Mythologicalwork appear normally in a secondary plan or represented by normal people (Spinners, Drunks) – Historical scenes (Breda’s Surrender) – Nudes (Venus of the mirror) – Landscapes (Villa Medicci) – Genre scenes: same importance given to the tools or to people (Old Woman Cooking Eggs, Sevilla’s Water-Seller)
- 22. Painting: Spain – Characteristics: •Great detail when wanted • Aerial perspective • Pre-Impressioniss (few matter and impression of unfinished work) • Special conception of the space (no divisions of it) • Resource to very baroque elements such as mirrors that create an illusionist space • Richness of colours
- 27. Painting: Spain • Murillo –His work is not strong but his images are convincing – Realism but a bit idealistic – He is reputed as children painter, works in which beggars and poor children are depicted – He created a model of Immaculate, moved by the wind and with a lot of putti – Works: Children Eating Fruit, Two Women at a Window, the Holy Family of the Bird, Immaculate
- 29. Rococo Painting • Insteadof portraying the moral depression of the time, they protrait high society and gallant festivals • Beautiful sensuality is masterly depicted through the colour • Conversations, rural pleasures, character as the Italian and French Commendians indicates the spirit of this art • Slim images, in unaffected pose, in rural sceneries and painted with the finest colours
- 30. Rococo Painting • France –Wateau • He depicted mankind as the most interesting natural element: affinity toward them • Elegant characters in vibrant colours • Works: Embarkation to Citera, Gilles – Fragonard • Rapid an spontaneous painter • He depicted the sense of human folly • Works: The Swing – Chardin • Master of the still life • Paintings in brown colours with mids, but loyal to reallity
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- 32. Rococo Painting • England –Hogart • Caricature in his morality paintings • Fluent and vigorous brushwork • Works: Shrimp Girl – Gainsborough • Artist of the landscape and the portrait • Ability to regard all creatures with sympathy • Works: Landscape with Gypsies, Sunset
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- 34. Rococo Painting • Italy –Tiepolo • Master of the decorative painting • He used the fresco • Works: Wurzburg Palace, Allegory of the Spanish Monarchy – Canaletto • Townscapes painter (vedute) • He apparently painted directly from nature • He used the camera obscura • Works: Architectural Capriccio, The Bucintoro Returning to the Molo on Ascension Day
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