The document discusses developments in literature, art, and architecture during the Renaissance period. It introduces how humanists studied ancient Greek and Roman culture, influencing scholars, artists, and architects. Artists used techniques like oil painting and perspective to create more realistic works. Major artists discussed include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian. Literature flourished as well, with works by authors like Shakespeare, Cervantes, and More.

1. Renaissance
Literature,
Art and Architecture
Creation of Man

2. A New Type of Scholar Called a
Humanist
• Scholars became interested in
ancient Greek and Roman
culture
• Artists used ancient art as
models
• Architects designed buildings
after studying Roman ruins

3. Humanism
• Primarily literary movement, but
spread to the arts (architecture,
paintings, sculpture)
• Emphasis on well-rounded
education leads to concept of
Renaissance Man
• A belief in human potential

4. Humanism
Philosophy:
While God had established
and maintained order in the
Universe, it was the role of
Man to establish and
maintain order in Society.
4

5. The “Renaissance Man”
- well educated in
the Classics
- dance, write
poetry and play
music
'Young Man Among Roses' by Nicholas
Hilliard (1547–1619) has come to
epitomise the romantic vision of the sonnet
hero of Shakespeare's England.

6. Women in the Renaissance
- Renaissance women were better
educated however they had few
choices in life. They could join a
religious order, marry (or be a
mistress) or work hard on farms.
- It was improper to seek fame or
political power.
- We only see them through the
eyes of men.
Lady Penelope Rich /The Dark Lady / Avisa. (1563-1607)

7. Art of the Renaissance
Painting

8. Renaissance Painting
Madonna And Child by Raphael (1483-1520)

9. Renaissance Painting
• Naturalism: people represented as they are in reality
• Idealisation: characters are idealised and do not
have deformations
• Order, proportion and harmony: objects and people
transmit calm and serenity
• Perfection: works perfectly finished with attention to
the small detail
• New techniques : canvass and oil paint
• Rationalism: Use of perspective and backgrounds

11. Jan van Eyck
Netherlandish art
(1380-1441)
– Pioneer
– Perfected the art of
oil painting
– The couple are in
the process of
making a vow.
Jan van Eyck (c. 1395–-1441),
Arnolfini Portrait, 1434. Oil on
wood, 32 1/4" x 23 1/2".

12. Renaissance Painting
Monarch Henry VIII (1491-1547)
Jane Seymour, Queen of England
by Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543)

13. Hans Holbein the Younger, The Ambassadors, 1533. Oil on wood

14. Renaissance Painting
Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The Tower of Babel, 1563. Tempera on panel

15. Some of the Important Painters of the
Renaissance were…
• Botticelli
• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Michelangelo
• Raphael
• Titian
• Tintoretto

16. How were women portrayed?

17. Giorgione (1477-1510) Sleeping Venus

18. Renaissance women in painting
Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I
(detail), ca. 1588. by George
Gower, Oil on canvas.
Playing an instrument like the lute,
became one of the major accomplishments
expected of a Renaissance courtier.

19. Renaissance women in painting
Pieter Bruegel. Haymaking (detail),
1565
Caspar Netscher (1639 – 684) was a
Dutch portrait and genre painter

20. • Leonardo da Vinci was
an inventor, painter,
sculptor, & scientist

21. Leonardo da Vinci’s
Mona Lisa
is great for its
emotion and depth

24. Mona Lisa has no visible facial hair at all -
including eyebrows and eyelashes

25. Modern Mona Lisa i Picasso style

26. His “Last Supper” shows Jesus’ last
meeting with the 12 apostles before
the crucifixion
The facial expressions, detail, and
emotion had made it a masterpiece

27. The Last Supper – da Vinci, &
Geometry

28. The Last Supper and Perspective
horizontal
vertical

29. A Da Vinci “Code”
St. John or Mary Magdalene?

30. • The Renaissance spread from Italy as
scholars from other areas visited
Italian city-states & took the new
ideas they saw back

31. Sixteenth-Century Literature
• Sir Thomas More, (served as chancellor to King Henry VIII)
– Utopia (1516)
– Was the first literary
description of an ideal state
since Plato’s Republic.
Woodcut by Ambrosius Holbein for a 1518
edition of Utopia. The lower left-hand
corner shows the traveler Raphael
Hythlodaeus, describing the island.

32. Sixteenth-Century Literature
• Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616) (Spaniard)
– Don Quixote recounts the adventures of a
chivalrous knight who confronts reality
through the lens of personal fantasy.
Don Quixote de la Mancha and Sancho Panza, 1863, by Gustave Doré

33. William Shakespeare
(1564-1616)
William Shakespeare emerged
during the Golden Age of England
under the rule of Elizabeth I.
He produced 37 plays-comedies,
tragedies,
romances, and histories.
154 sonnets and other poems.

34. Shakespeare’s sonnets (1609)
Sonnet XVIII , “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”
SHALL I compare thee to a summer’s day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer’s lease (1) hath all too short a date:
Sometime too hot the eye (2) of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;
And every fair from fair sometime declines, (3)
By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d; (4)
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,
Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st; (6)
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
1) allotted time
2) The sun
3)Beautiful thing from
beauty
4)Stripped of beauty
5)Your fame will grow as
time elapses
6) the sonnet itself

36. The Shakespearean Stage

38. Renaissance Painting
• Supports
– Wall painting was frequent in Italy; mosaic
left way to mural painting in Venice
– Even if the canvas advanced, wood was of
frequent use
– Poliptics were common in Spain and
Northern Europe whereas in Italy they
used an only panel.

39. Renaissance Painting
• Techniques:
– In Italy the fresco continued
– Book illumination lost importance with the
printed books
– Engraving on wood and on copper developed
– Drawing became more important
– Temple was replaced by oil systematically

40. Renaissance Painting
• Themes:
– Religious continued being important, mainly
in Northern Europe and Spain.
– In Italy mythology was more important
– Portrait developed
– Landscape, without being independent,
acquired more importance in the paintings

41. Renaissance Painting
• Composition:
– Space was rationalised with the resource to lineal
and atmospheric perspective
– The organization of the painting put more
attention in the centre than in the periphery
– Sometimes the shapes are organised following
simple shapes.
– The background used traditional motives or
architectures of Roman inspiration.

42. Renaissance Painting
• Drawing, colour and brushstroke:
– Gold disappeared, the same as light colours
in the strategic areas of the painting
– Palette diversified, being commonly light
– Oil painting permitted the use of delicate
nuances (transparencies, luminosity)
– Triumph of the sfumato.

43. Renaissance Painting
• Images:
– Faces are full of a new realism
– Bodies must be convinced by the imitation
of real forms.
– Worry for idealization, especially in nudes,
using canons of beauty
– The normalisation of beauty led to the
apparition of their antagonists, with
grotesque or caricaturized images.

44. Mannerist Painting
• Technique and support:
– Are the same as those of the Renaissance
– Format of paintings:
• Big in churches and palaces
• Small for stamps
• Themes:
– Religious were frequent
– Mythology and allegory depiction improved
– Portrait developed more

45. Mannerist Painting
• Composition, drawing, colour and
brushstrokes:
– Everything tried to create surprise
– Compositions are not centred
– Colours are not common
– Images are numerous
• Images:
– They try to surprise
– Deformations and complicated lines

46. Renaissance Painters
• Botticelli
– Individual and graceful style
– Pure visual poetry
– Denial of rational spatial construction and no
attempt to model solid-looking figures
– Figures float on the forward plane, agains a
decorative landscape
– Form outlined
– Personal type of femenine beauty
– Works: The Spring, The Birth of Venus

47. Renaissance Painters
• Mantegna
– Mastery of perspective
– Adapt the scene to low viewpoint
– Scorzo
– Works: Death Christ
• Bellini
– Famous for his portraits
– Large-scale narrative paintings
– Works: Portrait of the Dux

48. Renaissance Painters
• Leonardo
– Delicate treatment of the characters
portrayed
– Lack of rigidity in the contours
– Sfumato or special way of changing colours,
covering them with shadows
– Direct gazes of enigmatic meaning
– Variety of techniques not always successful
– Works: Mona Lisa, The Virgin of the Rocks,
Saint John

49. Renaissance Painters
• Raphael
– Clear organization of the composition
– Avoidance of excessive detail
– Expansive style of composition which presented
itself as a homogeneous and easily intellegible
whole
– Painting was no longer to be a portrayal of an event
but an interpretation of its subject-matter
– He adopted the innovations of Leonardo and
Michelangelo
– Works: The Athens School, Madonna Sixtina, The
Weddings of the Virgin.

50. Renaissance Painters
• Michelangelo
– His characters are depicted in an sculptoric
way, with an important entity
– Images are full of movement
– Characteristic terribilitá
– Richness of colours, light in general
– Works: Ceiling of the Sixtine Chapel, Panel
of the Last Judgement, Tondo Doni

51. Renaissance Painters
• Giorgione
– The landscape is more that just the background
– Images depicted without detail
– Work: The Tempest
• Titian
– History paintings
– Portraits with high level of felicity
– Works: Charles V at Mülbherg, Baccanal
• Veronese
– Regular volumes
– Strong colours and great contrasts
– Conventionalised figures
– Works: marriage at Cana

52. Renaissance Painters
• Holbeing the Younger
– Excellent portratist
– Portraits do not reveal the personality
– Taste for illusionist effects
– Works: Henry VIII , The Ambassadors
• Tintoretto
– Figures full of heath
– Effects of light and shadow
– Colossal conception of the human but with
elegance