The document summarizes trends in architecture since the mid-20th century, including Innovative Architecture, the International Style, Postmodernism, Deconstructivism, and the works of Frank Gehry. Innovative Architecture combined imagination with new materials like reinforced concrete. The International Style originated from the Bauhaus and featured glass towers. Postmodernism valued individuality and complexity. Deconstructivism undermined stability with warped forms. Frank Gehry is known for his innovative use of materials to create expressive, curved forms.

1. Last Trends in Architecture
Revision

2. Introduction
• Since mid 20th century Architecture has
experience great change.
• The increasing interest in urban planning
– not only involves the construction of the buildings
themselves, but
– it also asked for its inclusion in an area and in
consonance with deep studies of their physical, social
and economic impact.
• The development of new and revolutionary
materials has made possible the creation of
some buildings that in a recent past would have
been unthinkable.

3. Innovative Architecture
• It combines the imagination of
the architects and engineers
with the aesthetic impact of
materials such as reinforced
concrete.
• Structural solutions are
revolutionary and, in addition
to use industrial materials
– they created sophisticates
spaces through the distribution of
light and
– the use of materials not frequent
in architecture, underlining their
tactile qualities.

4. Innovative Architecture
• The pioneer of this architecture would be Alvar
Aalto. Other architects working in this way are
Eero Saarinen, Nervi, Utzon or Kahn.
• Their sign of identity is the use of industrial
material to solve difficult structural problems.

5. International Style
• It has its roots in the works of
the Bauhaus and it developed in
the US thanks to the influence of
Mies van der Rohe and his
disciples.
• It is well suited to large
metropolitan apartment and
office towers.
• These building proved to have a
commercial potential and were
extremely efficient for large-
scale construction in which the
module could be repeated
indefinitely.

6. International Style
• Inner spaces became
standardized, predictable, and
profitable and exterior reflected
the monotony of the interiors.
• The blank glass box became
ubiquitous.
• These buildings are considered
examples of an austere
classicism, but also coldly
impersonal.
• Architects working in this style
are Stirling, Kenzo Tange, or
Philip Johnson.

7. Post-modern Architecture
• Between about 1965 and 1980 architects
and critics began to espouse tendencies
resulting in a style that is not cohesive but
that has a distinct set of principles.
• Postmodernists value
– individuality,
– intimacy,
– complexity and
– occasionally even humour.

8. Post-modern Architecture
• Some architects, such as
Venturi, defended an
architecture that can
produce any kind of
buildings, ( filling stations
or fast-food restaurants).
• Some works have
references to old style and
can use vivid colours.
• Other architects of this
movement are Graves,
Meier, Jahn or Moore.

9. High-Tech
• The High-Tech style came to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s.
• Representatives of this movement are the architects Richard
Rogers, Renzo Piano and Norman Foster.
• Its origins lie in the 19th century when new industrial techniques and
materials, previously used on engineering projects such as bridges,
began to be applied to architecture.

10. High-Tech
• High-Tech buildings
– are typically constructed of
steel and glass,
– make innovative use of
technology and are often
likened in appearance to the
machines
– draw attention to structural
and functional elements.
• Postmodernism is not the major
strand in the most recent avant-
garde architecture.
• High-Tech makes expressive
use of the constructional and
operational aspects of a building,
with features such as supporting
members or heating pipes fully
exposed to view.

11. Deconstructivism
• Deconstructivism is the term used to characterize
buildings in which elements such as
– fractured forms or
– warped planes
undermine conventional notions of stability and harmony.

12. Deconstructivism
• The works of Frank
Gehry or Zaha Hadid
can be considered
good examples of this
style.

13. Gehry
• Characteristics:
– Innovative use of
materials
– Expressive forms,
easy to identify
• First works had the
fast rhythm of L.A.
Ginger and Fred, Praga
8 Sprud Street

14. Gehry
• He used cubic form and
varied material to build
houses:
– Wood sheets
– Metallic fabric
– Waved metal
• These works are linked
to the deconstructive
movement.
Houses
Gehry’s house

15. Gehry
• When he started
working in big
projects, his forms
became curved
• In his last works he
mixes deconstructive
elements with flow
forms.
Vitra Design museum, Germany
Luo Duvo Brain Institute, Las Vegas

16. Gehry
• In order to design and
build his project he
has used aero-spatial
technology
programmes.
• He uses technologic
materials.
Pritzker Pavillion,
Chicago
Experience Music Project, Seattle

17. Gehry
• He has a personal and
different style
• He has created metallic
mountains
• In his last works he used
complex lines made with
other materials
• His works characterize
the environment in which
are located.
Marques Riscal
Hotel, Elciego
Guggenheim
Biodiversity museum, Panama

18. DZ Bank,
Berlin
Experience Music Project,
Seattle