Automatic Train collision and Accident Avoidance system
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This document proposes three ideas to help avoid train collisions and accidents: 1. An automated braking system for trains that can detect obstacles from long distances and apply the brakes optimally. 2. Real-time train monitoring systems along tracks that provide trains' speed, direction, and location to prevent vehicle collisions at crossings. 3. An alert system using pattern recognition of images along the tracks to detect changes like animals and notify personnel of potential collisions. Implementing these ideas could greatly reduce rail accidents from collisions in the future.
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1) The document provides background information on the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy in India, where a leak of methyl isocyanate gas from a Union Carbide pesticide plant killed thousands.
2) It describes the events leading up to the leak, including safety issues and cost-cutting measures at the plant.
3) Two theories for the cause of the leak are described - accidental water contamination during pipe cleaning, and sabotage by an employee.
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The project is designed to control the speed of a DC and AC motor using an ARM7 LPC2148 processor. The speed of motor is directly proportional to the voltage applied across its terminals. Hence, if voltage across motor terminal is varied, then speed can also be varied. This project uses the above principle to control the speed of the motor by varying the duty cycle of the pulses applied to it, popularly known as PWM control. The project uses input button interfaced to the processor, which are used to control the speed of motor. Pulse Width Modulation is generated at the output by the microcontroller as per the program. The program is written in Embedded C.
The average voltage given or the average current flowing through the motor will change depending on the duty cycle, ON and OFF time of the pulses, so the speed of the motor will change. A motor driver IC is interfaced to the ARM7 LPC2148 processor board for receiving PWM signals and delivering desired output for speed control. Further the project can be enhanced by using power electronic devices such as IGBTs to achieve speed control higher capacity industrial motors.
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Seminar Report On ACD i.e. Anti collision Devices by Tarun khnaeja ( 09034406...
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Indian Railway Board,RDSO , Rail Coach Factories,ICF,RCF,CLW/DLW/Metro Rail Corporation , MRVC, Konkan Railways, National High Speed Rail Corporation,DFCC,Rail Station Development Corporation ,Railside Warehouses Ltd, IRCON,RVNL,CORE, Railtel, MNC Railways Project handling Electrical,Traction ,Rolling Stock and Signal -Telecom Companies.
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Automatic Train collision and Accident Avoidance system
- 1. Automatic Train Collision and Accident Avoidance System By, R.Pradeep Raj III Year EEE, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College.
- 2. Contents • Importance of this topic • Rail accidents – An overview • Ideas suggested : – Automated Braking in Trains – Real-time Train monitoring – Alert system using Pattern Recognition
- 3. Why this topic..? 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Year 1890's 1900's 1950's 1970's 1980's 1990's 2000's 2011-13 Survey on Train Accidents
- 4. Rail accidents • 4 January 1961 - Frontal collision of two passenger trains near Umeshnagar. 35 dead, 61 wounded. • 13 August 1998: Nineteen killed and 27 injured as a bus rams into the Chennai–Madurai Express train at an unmanned level-crossing. • 13 November 2013 - A herd of 40 elephants was struck by a passenger train in Chapramari Wildlife Sanctuary.
- 5. 1. Automated braking • To detect the presence of obstacle even from a long range • Human inaccuracy • Optimal level of brake application Need :
- 6. Braking System Types : • Vacuum brake (obsolete) • Air brake (currently in use) - Westinghouse Brake The average braking distance of a train moving at a speed of 100 km/hr is about 300m. Dynamic Braking
- 8. Ultrasonic Transducer Production of high frequency sound waves around 18,000 hertz Works on the principle of Piezo-electric Effect Generated by Piezo-electric crystal Also produced by Magneto-striction effect Time interval between sending and reception
- 10. O B S T A C L E ADC Microcontroller Driver circuit and Actuator T R A N C E I V E R Application of Brakes Intimate the Loco-driver
- 11. 2. Real-time Train Monitoring Placing for every 300m – 500m in unmanned level crossing and accident prone zones. It gives the real time parameters of train : Speed of the train Direction of the train Location of the train
- 12. Piezo-electric sensor • Changes in pressure • Acceleration • strain or force by converting to electrical signals To measure
- 13. Block Diagram
- 14. What can we achieve? • An easiest way to get the real-time parameters • Intelligent alert system at crossing • Best way to eradicate Train-Vehicle collision
- 15. 3. Pattern Recognition An Application of Digital Image Processing Based on Bayesian Decision Theory Types : 1. Statistical Pattern Recognition 2. Structural Pattern recognition
- 16. Alert using Pattern Recognition • It compare the sensed image with predefined image pattern which is stored and takes decision.
- 17. Ecological Gateway A geographical location along or between the forest where migration of animals occurs.
- 18. What we planned ? • Image pattern of track is predefined in Image processor and monitored regularly. • If any major change in image pattern is sensed it will alert personnel in control room.
- 19. START CAMERA MONITORS THE TRACK IF CHANGE OCCURS ALERTS THE DETECTION TO CONTROL ROOM DECISION WAS TAKEN STOP NO ACTION (IDLE STATE) NO YES FLOW CHART :
- 20. Pros of the Idea • No need to monitor the track for 24*7 • Animal collision is greatly reduced • Needs to be installed only in specified area
- 21. Conclusion 0 10 20 30 40 Year 1890's 1900's 1950's 1970's 1980's 1990's 2000's 2011-13 2020's When these ideas are implemented in the future, surely the rate of rail-accidents due to collision can be drastically reduced.