The document discusses the design of an automatic railway gate system to improve safety and efficiency at level crossings by replacing manual gate operation. This system utilizes an embedded microcontroller to detect train arrivals and departures through infrared sensors, activating gates and warning signals accordingly. Key components include a buzzer, light signals, and a DC motor for gate operation, with software coded in assembly language to manage these functions.

1. Alexandria University
Faculty of Engineering
4thYear Production Eng. Dept.
2013

2. Provide an automatic railway gate at a Level
crossing replacing the gates operated by the
gatekeeper for :
The place where track and highway/road intersects each
other at the same level is known as “level crossing”.
• Reduction of time for closing and opening the gate.
• Higher reliability as it is not subjected to manual errors.
• provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents.

4. An embedded system is :
 A microcontroller / microprocessor based system
that is built to control the functions of equipment,
machinery or plant.
 Combination of hardware & software for specific
application.
• Hardware:
processor, memories, peripherals, power supply etc..,
• Software:
assembly language program (ALP) like c, c++ ..,

5. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION:
• Micro Controller
• Power supply
• Buzzer and light signals: to warn the road user
• Two IR (Infrared) sensors
• 12 V Dc Motor
SOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS
• Languages:
Assembly language program (ALP) like c, c++ ..,

8. • The arrival of train is detected by the sensor placed on either side of
the gate at about 5km from the level crossing.
• Once the arrival is sensed , the sensed signal is sent to the
microcontroller.
• Subsequently, buzzer indication and light signals on either side are
provided to the road users indicating the closure of gates.
• The departure of the train is detected by sensors placed at about 1km
from the gate.
• The signal about the departure is sent to the microcontroller, which in
turn operates the motor and opens the gate.

10. • forms the brain of the entire system.
• performs the complete operations of:
• Sensing
• Closing of the gate
• Opening of the gate operation done by software code
written on the controller.
Type:
ATmega16 microcontroller

11. Software used: Code Vision AVR & C Free IDE

12. • Ultrasonic
Sends out pulses of ultrasonic waves and measures the reflection
off a moving object.
• Microwave
Sensor sends out microwave pulses and measures the reflection off
a moving object. Similar to a police radar gun.
• infrared sensors

13. Power supply
IR transmitter IR receiver
In our project we used :

14. This circuit has two stages:
• IR TRANSMITTER
The transmitter unit consists of an infrared LED and its associated
circuitry. The IR LED emitting infrared light is put on in the
transmitting unit. Infrared LED is driven through transistor.
• IR receiver
The receiver unit consists of a sensor and its associated
circuitry. In receiver section, the first part is a sensor, which
detects IR pulses transmitted by IR-LED.

15. • Whenever a train crosses the sensor, the output of IR sensor
momentarily transits through a low state.
• As a result the monostable is triggered , a short pulse is applied
to the port pin of the microcontroller.
• On receiving a pulse from the sensor circuit, the controller
activates the circuitry required for closing and opening of the
gates and for track switching.

16. 2013