Flowering plants reproduce sexually through flowers. Flowers contain male stamen that produce pollen and female pistils. Fertilization occurs when pollen is transferred, or pollinated, to the stigma of the pistil. Pollination can be self-pollination within a flower or cross-pollination between flowers. After fertilization, the ovary develops into a fruit containing seeds. Seeds are dispersed by various methods and may germinate to form a seedling with root, shoot, and leaves developing from the radicle, hypocotyl, and epicotyl respectively.

2. REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
( SEXUAL REPRODUCTION )

3.  Sexual reproductive structure in
plants
Produces egg and sperm
Fertilization takes place inside
the flower
FLOWER

4. STRUCTURE OF TYPICAL FLOWER
female
reproductive
organs
male
reproductive
organs

5. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
Pistil
 Stigma –top of the pistil,
Sticky surface for pollen to
stick
 Style – connects the stigma to
the ovary
 Ovary –contains ovules
(eggs)
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
Stamen
 Anther – produces sperm
nuclei by meiosis. Sperm
nuclei are enclosed by pollen
grains
 Filament – holds the anther
up

6. POLLINATION
The transfer of pollen grains from anthers to
the stigmas
Pollination agents :
•Wind : Anemophily
•Insects : Entemophily
•Birds : Ornithophily
•Animals : Zoophily

7. Wind : Anemophily Insects : Entemophily
Birds : Ornithophily Animals : Zoophily

8. TYPES OF POLLINATION
1. Self pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the
same flower, or of another flower of the same plant.
Same Plant’s FlowerSame Flower

9. 2. Cross pollination
The transfer of pollen to a flower on a different plant of the
same species.
Different Plant’s Flower

10. FERTILIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN FLOWERING PLANTS
•Pollen grains send out pollen tubes which grows down the style
& ovary, towards the micropyle.
•Pollen grains are attracted by sugars in stigma and secrete
enzymes to digest a pathway through the style

11. double FERTILIZATION
 Male gamete goes into the ovule and fertilizes with the egg cell.
 The other male gamete fuses with the polar nuclei to form the
triploid endosperm

12. Development of Fruits and Seeds
 Fate of floral parts after fertilization
Floral Part Fate after fertilization
(a) sepals, petals &
stamens
All wither and drop off
(b) ovary
i) ovary wall
ii) ovule
iii) integuments
iv) fertilised egg
Becomes the fruit
fruit wall
seed
seed coat (testa)
embryo

13. A fruit is an ovary after fertilization and it contains seeds
Functions:
Fruits : protect & disperse the embryo
Seeds : protect the embryo
Provide food for the embryo
Help in dispersal of the plant

14. Fruits and Seeds Dispersal
(1) by wind,
(2) by animals,
(3) by water,
Significance of fruits & seeds dispersal
It prevents overcrowding & competition for
limited resources.
It allows the plants to have their seeds to
land on suitable places for germination, thus
increases the chance for the plants to
colonize new areas.

15. seedling
Micropyle –opening in ovule where pollen tube attached,
sperm entered
Hilum –scar where ovule attached to ovary
Radicle –embryonic root

16. SEED GERMINATION
PARTS OF A SEED
Seed coat
Epicotyl
Cotyledons
Hypocotyl
Seed
coat
Endosperm
Epicotyl
Hypocotyl
RadicleCotyledo
n
• Dicot
• Monocot

17. Epicotyl – grows above the cotyledons and gives rise
to the leaves.
Hypocotyl –below the point of attachment of the
cotyledon, develops into the stem.

18. FLOWER

19. Thank you
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