The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping.
Biochemical Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureusdeeptimishra10
The specific biochemicals showed some changes against S. aureus after biofiel d treatment. In this study, overall 37.93% biochemical reactions were altered in tested twenty nine biochemicals with respect to control after biofield treatment.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristic of Pr...albertdivis
The Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on P. rettgeri against antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reaction pattern, biotype number, and 16S rDNA sequence.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens after Biofield T...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity patternof P. fluorescens. P. fluorescens cells were procured from MicroBioLogics in sealed packs bearing the AmericanType Culture Collection (ATCC 49838) number.
Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An Impact of ...albertdivis
Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospitalacquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165).
Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aer...wilhelm mendel
Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes) has been reported as the versatile opportunistic pathogen associated with the hospital infections worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on multidrug resistant clinical lab isolates (LSs) of E. aerogenes. The MDR isolates of E. aerogenes (i.e., LS 45 and LS 54) were divided into two groups, i.e., control and treated. Samples were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away® system, on day 10 after the biofield treatment. The antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 14.28% alteration out of twenty eight tested antimicrobials with respect to the control. The cefotetan sensitivity changed from intermediate (I) to inducible β-lactamase (IB), while piperacillin/tazobactam changed from resistant to IB in the treated LS 45. Improved sensitivity was reported in tetracycline, i.e., from I to susceptible (S) in LS 45, while chloramphenicol and tetracycline sensitivity changed from R to I in treated LS 54. Four-fold decrease in MIC value was reported in piperacillin/tazobactam, and two-fold decrease in cefotetan and tetracycline in the biofield treated LS 45 as compared to the control. MIC results showed an overall decreased MIC values in 12.50% tested antimicrobials such as chloramphenicol (16 μg/mL) and tetracycline (8 μg/mL) in LS 54. The biochemical study showed an overall 45.45% negative reaction in the tested biochemical in both the treated isolates as compared to the control. A change in biotype number was reported in MDR isolates (LS 45 and LS 54), while in LS 54, altered biotype number, i.e., 0406 0374 as compared to the control (7770 4376), with identification of the new species as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with brown color as special characteristic. The study findings suggest that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on clinical MDR isolates of E. aerogenes has the significant effect on altering the sensitivity of antimicrobials, decreasing the MIC values, changed biochemical reactions, and biotype number.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Typi...wilhelm mendel
Pathogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), particularly the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, are mostly associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy in nosocomial infections. The present work was designed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae. The strain of K. pneumoniae bearing ATCC 15380 (American Type Culture Collection) was procured from the Bangalore Genei, in sealed pack and divided into control and treated groups. Treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Further, the effect of biofield treatment was also evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in order to determine their epidemiological relatedness and genetic characteristics of biofield treated K. pneumoniae samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility results showed an improve sensitivity (i.e. from intermediate to susceptible) of ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol, while altered sensitivity of cephalothin (i.e. from susceptible to intermediate) was also reported as compared to the control sample. The MIC value showed two-fold decrease in MIC value of ampicillin/sulbactam (i.e. 16/8 to ≤8/4 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (i.e. 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL) as compared to the control. The cephalothin showed two-folds change (i.e. ≤ 8 to 16 μg/mL) in the MIC value as compared with the control. Biofield treatment showed 9.09% alterations in biochemical reactions followed by a change in biotype number (7774 4272) in the treated group with respect to the control (7774 4274). Genetic fingerprinting was performed on control and treated samples using RAPD-PCR biomarkers, which showed an average range of 11 to 15% of polymorphism among the treated samples with respect to the control. These results suggested that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on K. pneumoniae.
Phenotyping and Genotyping Characteristics of Serratia MarcescensGru Marckel
A study was performed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristics of S. marcescens. Visit here for more details.
Biochemical Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureusdeeptimishra10
The specific biochemicals showed some changes against S. aureus after biofiel d treatment. In this study, overall 37.93% biochemical reactions were altered in tested twenty nine biochemicals with respect to control after biofield treatment.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristic of Pr...albertdivis
The Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on P. rettgeri against antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reaction pattern, biotype number, and 16S rDNA sequence.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens after Biofield T...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity patternof P. fluorescens. P. fluorescens cells were procured from MicroBioLogics in sealed packs bearing the AmericanType Culture Collection (ATCC 49838) number.
Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An Impact of ...albertdivis
Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospitalacquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165).
Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aer...wilhelm mendel
Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes) has been reported as the versatile opportunistic pathogen associated with the hospital infections worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on multidrug resistant clinical lab isolates (LSs) of E. aerogenes. The MDR isolates of E. aerogenes (i.e., LS 45 and LS 54) were divided into two groups, i.e., control and treated. Samples were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away® system, on day 10 after the biofield treatment. The antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 14.28% alteration out of twenty eight tested antimicrobials with respect to the control. The cefotetan sensitivity changed from intermediate (I) to inducible β-lactamase (IB), while piperacillin/tazobactam changed from resistant to IB in the treated LS 45. Improved sensitivity was reported in tetracycline, i.e., from I to susceptible (S) in LS 45, while chloramphenicol and tetracycline sensitivity changed from R to I in treated LS 54. Four-fold decrease in MIC value was reported in piperacillin/tazobactam, and two-fold decrease in cefotetan and tetracycline in the biofield treated LS 45 as compared to the control. MIC results showed an overall decreased MIC values in 12.50% tested antimicrobials such as chloramphenicol (16 μg/mL) and tetracycline (8 μg/mL) in LS 54. The biochemical study showed an overall 45.45% negative reaction in the tested biochemical in both the treated isolates as compared to the control. A change in biotype number was reported in MDR isolates (LS 45 and LS 54), while in LS 54, altered biotype number, i.e., 0406 0374 as compared to the control (7770 4376), with identification of the new species as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with brown color as special characteristic. The study findings suggest that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on clinical MDR isolates of E. aerogenes has the significant effect on altering the sensitivity of antimicrobials, decreasing the MIC values, changed biochemical reactions, and biotype number.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Typi...wilhelm mendel
Pathogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), particularly the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, are mostly associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy in nosocomial infections. The present work was designed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae. The strain of K. pneumoniae bearing ATCC 15380 (American Type Culture Collection) was procured from the Bangalore Genei, in sealed pack and divided into control and treated groups. Treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Further, the effect of biofield treatment was also evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in order to determine their epidemiological relatedness and genetic characteristics of biofield treated K. pneumoniae samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility results showed an improve sensitivity (i.e. from intermediate to susceptible) of ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol, while altered sensitivity of cephalothin (i.e. from susceptible to intermediate) was also reported as compared to the control sample. The MIC value showed two-fold decrease in MIC value of ampicillin/sulbactam (i.e. 16/8 to ≤8/4 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (i.e. 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL) as compared to the control. The cephalothin showed two-folds change (i.e. ≤ 8 to 16 μg/mL) in the MIC value as compared with the control. Biofield treatment showed 9.09% alterations in biochemical reactions followed by a change in biotype number (7774 4272) in the treated group with respect to the control (7774 4274). Genetic fingerprinting was performed on control and treated samples using RAPD-PCR biomarkers, which showed an average range of 11 to 15% of polymorphism among the treated samples with respect to the control. These results suggested that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on K. pneumoniae.
Phenotyping and Genotyping Characteristics of Serratia MarcescensGru Marckel
A study was performed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristics of S. marcescens. Visit here for more details.
An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Multidrug-resistant Burkholderia cepacia: ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug resistant B. cepacia. Clinicalsample of B. cepacia was divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control.
Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on...albertdivis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype.
Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Sus...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
As biofield therapy is increasingly popular in biomedical heath care, so present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number of multidrug resistant strain of R. ornithinolytica.
This is part of our project that aims to assess current state of anti-microbial resistance in Egypt with a specific focus on development of anti-parasitic drugs resistance in addition.
Mitochondrial Complex 1is Important for Plant Tolerance to Fungal Biotic StressSryahwa Publications
Environmental constraints, such as biotic stress, are detrimental for plant productivity, survival and reproduction. Although plants have evolved metabolic mechanisms to tolerate environmental challenges, our knowledge on the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in biotic stress responses is still fragmentary. This study examined the effects of mutations in mitochondrial complex I (CI) and determined major stress-responsive metabolites associated with decreased tolerance to fungal infection.
ABSTRACT- Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a widely distributed pest in South-East Asia, feeding on 63 plant species belonging to 22 families. It is a serious pest of soybean, pulses oilseeds, cotton and vegetables. In an outbreak phase, this insect can completely defoliate large area of crops causing reduction in yield. Heavy use of synthetic organic insecticides to control this pest resulted in the development of resistance against insecticides of different groups. Although a variety of agrochemicals are used for growing crops, little is known about their direct or indirect effects on nontarget organisms including insect pests. Therefore, alternative control measures have been searched out for this noxious pest. By adopting probable and advanced management practices this important pest can be managed. Key-words- Spodoptera litura, Bioassay, agrochemicals, Growth and development, Polyphagous pest
The environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistanceSIANI
This document summarizes the role of the environment in the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. It discusses how the environment serves as a transmission route for resistant bacteria and antibiotics select for resistance in various environmental settings like wastewater treatment plants and areas with high antibiotic production. The global scale of transmission is highlighted, with resistance genes being shared between continents through human travel and transport. Improved transparency in the drug production process is suggested to help address the issue of environmental antibiotic pollution.
1) Castanea sativa (European chestnut) leaf extracts containing ursene and oleanene derivatives were found to block Staphylococcus aureus virulence and pathogenesis without inducing resistance.
2) The extracts inhibited all four S. aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) alleles which control virulence factor production, in a concentration-dependent manner without impacting bacterial growth.
3) In vivo testing in a mouse skin infection model showed the extracts attenuated dermatopathology caused by MRSA when administered as a single dose, demonstrating potential as a non-antibiotic therapy.
This document summarizes a study examining the use of biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with TGF-β and IL-2 cytokines and targeted to CD4+ cells for inducing and maintaining regulatory T cells (Tregs). The nanoparticles were able to induce CD4+ Tregs in vitro and expand their numbers in vivo. Nanoparticle-induced Tregs demonstrated enhanced stability and retained their suppressive phenotype even in inflammatory conditions, highlighting the potential of this nanoparticle approach for stabilizing Tregs to treat autoimmune disease and inflammation.
Antibacterial resistance is a major global problem as many bacterial infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. There are two main issues - increased antibiotic resistance among bacteria and a declining antibiotic pipeline. Bacteria are developing resistance to existing antibiotics, especially gram-negative rods, leaving some infections with no effective treatment options. Meanwhile, the development of new antibiotics has slowed dramatically in recent years. Novel approaches are being explored to address the antibiotic resistance crisis, such as developing antibiotics from non-culturable bacteria and using bacteriophages and their gene products. However, the problem of antibiotic resistance worldwide remains serious without action.
Biochemical Monitoring of Detoxifying Enzyme Levels in Field Population of Mo...BRNSS Publication Hub
The major cause of resistance mechanism in mosquitoes is the detoxification and degradation of
insecticides by overproduction of various metabolic enzymes. Quantitative metabolic enzyme assays
of carboxylesterases (α and β), mixed function oxidases (MFO), and glutathione S-transferases (GST)
have been commonly used in the detection of insecticide resistance due to its sensitive nature even at low
frequencies. For the present study, larval strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti (L) were
collected from the Cochin Corporation, Kerala, India, and were assayed to organophosphate temephos
and carbamate propoxur. The resistance ratio of median lethal time for temephos and propoxur from the
field population of C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti is higher than the laboratory population. Elevated
levels of α and β esterase enzyme were observed with the ratio of 1.6 and 1.54 for C. quinquefasciatus
and 1.51 and 1.47 for A. aegypti. In Culex mosquitoes, 1.71, and in Aedes, 1.64 fold increase in GST
enzyme level and 1.38 and 1.3 fold increase for the MFO level determined. The study results revealed
the urgent needs of improving the vector control methods by introducing alternative techniques and
strategies against mosquitoes.
This document summarizes research on a class of compounds called thiazolides and their potential as antiviral agents, specifically against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Key points:
1. Thiazolides show promise as novel antiviral agents that could help treat HBV infections by acting through a non-resistance inducing mechanism. Nitazoxanide is a broad-spectrum thiazolide currently used as an antiparasitic drug.
2. The study synthesized and tested a wide range of thiazolide analogs for anti-HBV activity. Compound 3 showed potent and selective inhibition of HBV replication with low toxicity.
3. Structure-activity relationship analysis found good correlation
An Impact of Biofield Treatment: Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Potential U...albertdivis
The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment modality on mycobacterial strains in relation to antimycobacterials susceptibility. Mycobacterial sensitivity was analysed using 12 B BACTEC vials on the BACTEC 460 TB machine in 39 lab isolates (sputum samples) from stored stock cultures.
Anti-microbial resistance has become a world health issue today. Therefore it is imperative to know about the methods of acquiring resistance and ways to deal with the situation and prevent resistance.
Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room AirBhoj Raj Singh
In the study, the effect of the Gayatri Mantra playing for 24 hr on microbial quality of air was examined in 12 rooms of scientists of the ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India willing to participate in the study and in 7 empty classroom/ examination hall lying vacant since March 2020 due to COVID-19. Of the empty rooms, 6 were used as the control for the first two days, then after a week, all rooms were also used to detect the effect of playing the Gayatri Mantra. A total of 31 bacterial species of medical importance were isolated and identified in the air of the rooms. After playing the Gayatri Mantra in Raag Bhairvi for 24 h bacterial count significantly decreased in rooms inhabited by vegetarian (OR 24, CI 95: 0.00-0.88; p, 0.036) than in rooms occupied by non-vegetarians. Rooms occupied by vegetarians. The effect of Gayatri Mantra in the empty room had no significant difference but bacterial count reduced. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarian increased significantly post Mantra playing. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarians and empty rooms varied significantly (OR 18, p, 0.02, CI 95: 0.00 – 0.79). Empty rooms with and without mantra not varied significantly for the reduction of the bacterial count. Paenibacillus spp. was not detected in any of the 12 rooms occupied by the scientists/ staff but in 3 of the 7 empty rooms (p, 0.01) it was detected even without playing any mantra. It indicated that daily disturbance in the environment may be detrimental to the survival of Paenibacillus spp. After playing Mantra P. alvei, P. cookie, P. lautus were detected in 5 of the seven rooms occupied by Non-vegetarians, while P. pantothenicus continued to be present in three of the vacant rooms even after playing the Mantra. Paenibacillus spp. bacteria are known for their probiotic potential and its significance in the study is not clear. It seems that the Gayatri mantra has some enrichment effect on Paenibacillus spp. but a detrimental effect on other microbes.
The study screened extracts from 21 species of Clusiaceae native to Mexico for anti-HIV activity. Five species showed significant inhibition (≥70%) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Of these, extracts from Calophyllum brasiliense (hexane) and Clusia quadrangula inhibited the enzyme and were non-toxic to human cells. The C. brasiliense extract was the most potent, inhibiting viral replication with an ED50 of 37.1 μg/ml, while the C. quadrangula extract was less active. The results support Clusiaceae as a source of potential anti-HIV compounds.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Bi...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Biofield treatment on Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping. S. Paratyphi A strain was procured from MicroBioLogics in sealed packs bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 9150). The study was conducted in revived and lyophilized state of S. paratyphi A. Both revived (Group, Gr. II) and lyophilized (Gr. III) strain of S. paratyphi A were subjected to Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Visit http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/44/ for details.
Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aer...rachelsalk
This document summarizes a study on the effects of biofield energy treatment on multidrug-resistant isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes. Two multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of E. aerogenes were divided into control and treated groups. The treated groups were subjected to biofield energy treatment by Mr. Trivedi. Antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration values, biochemical reactions, and biotype numbers were analyzed and compared between control and treated groups. The results showed alterations in antimicrobial susceptibility for 14.28% of antibiotics tested, decreases in MIC values for 12.5% of antibiotics, and overall 45.45% negative biochemical reactions in treated isolates compared to controls. A change in biotype number was also reported for one
Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia marcesc...albertdivis
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristics such as antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions, biotype, DNA polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880).
Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Typi...rachelsalk
Pathogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), particularly the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, are mostly associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy in nosocomial infections. The present work was designed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae. The strain of K. pneumoniae bearing ATCC 15380 (American Type Culture Collection) was procured from the Bangalore Genei, in sealed pack and divided into control and treated groups. Treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Further, the effect of biofield treatment was also evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in order to determine their epidemiological relatedness and genetic characteristics of biofield treated K. pneumoniae samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility results showed an improve sensitivity (i.e. from intermediate to susceptible) of ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol, while altered sensitivity of cephalothin (i.e. from susceptible to intermediate) was also reported as compared to the control sample. The MIC value showed two-fold decrease in MIC value of ampicillin/sulbactam (i.e. 16/8 to ≤8/4 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (i.e. 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL) as compared to the control. The cephalothin showed two-folds change (i.e. ≤ 8 to 16 μg/mL) in the MIC value as compared with the control. Biofield treatment showed 9.09% alterations in biochemical reactions followed by a change in biotype number (7774 4272) in the treated group with respect to the control (7774 4274). Genetic fingerprinting was performed on control and treated samples using RAPD-PCR biomarkers, which showed an average range of 11 to 15% of polymorphism among the treated samples with respect to the control. These results suggested that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on K. pneumoniae.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165). The study was performed into three groups i.e. C (control), T1 (treatment, revived), and T2 (treatment, lyophilized). Subsequently, groups T1 and T2 were received biofield treatment and control group was remained as untreated. Visit http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/43/ for details.
An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Multidrug-resistant Burkholderia cepacia: ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug resistant B. cepacia. Clinicalsample of B. cepacia was divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control.
Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on...albertdivis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype.
Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Sus...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
As biofield therapy is increasingly popular in biomedical heath care, so present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number of multidrug resistant strain of R. ornithinolytica.
This is part of our project that aims to assess current state of anti-microbial resistance in Egypt with a specific focus on development of anti-parasitic drugs resistance in addition.
Mitochondrial Complex 1is Important for Plant Tolerance to Fungal Biotic StressSryahwa Publications
Environmental constraints, such as biotic stress, are detrimental for plant productivity, survival and reproduction. Although plants have evolved metabolic mechanisms to tolerate environmental challenges, our knowledge on the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in biotic stress responses is still fragmentary. This study examined the effects of mutations in mitochondrial complex I (CI) and determined major stress-responsive metabolites associated with decreased tolerance to fungal infection.
ABSTRACT- Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a widely distributed pest in South-East Asia, feeding on 63 plant species belonging to 22 families. It is a serious pest of soybean, pulses oilseeds, cotton and vegetables. In an outbreak phase, this insect can completely defoliate large area of crops causing reduction in yield. Heavy use of synthetic organic insecticides to control this pest resulted in the development of resistance against insecticides of different groups. Although a variety of agrochemicals are used for growing crops, little is known about their direct or indirect effects on nontarget organisms including insect pests. Therefore, alternative control measures have been searched out for this noxious pest. By adopting probable and advanced management practices this important pest can be managed. Key-words- Spodoptera litura, Bioassay, agrochemicals, Growth and development, Polyphagous pest
The environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistanceSIANI
This document summarizes the role of the environment in the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. It discusses how the environment serves as a transmission route for resistant bacteria and antibiotics select for resistance in various environmental settings like wastewater treatment plants and areas with high antibiotic production. The global scale of transmission is highlighted, with resistance genes being shared between continents through human travel and transport. Improved transparency in the drug production process is suggested to help address the issue of environmental antibiotic pollution.
1) Castanea sativa (European chestnut) leaf extracts containing ursene and oleanene derivatives were found to block Staphylococcus aureus virulence and pathogenesis without inducing resistance.
2) The extracts inhibited all four S. aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) alleles which control virulence factor production, in a concentration-dependent manner without impacting bacterial growth.
3) In vivo testing in a mouse skin infection model showed the extracts attenuated dermatopathology caused by MRSA when administered as a single dose, demonstrating potential as a non-antibiotic therapy.
This document summarizes a study examining the use of biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with TGF-β and IL-2 cytokines and targeted to CD4+ cells for inducing and maintaining regulatory T cells (Tregs). The nanoparticles were able to induce CD4+ Tregs in vitro and expand their numbers in vivo. Nanoparticle-induced Tregs demonstrated enhanced stability and retained their suppressive phenotype even in inflammatory conditions, highlighting the potential of this nanoparticle approach for stabilizing Tregs to treat autoimmune disease and inflammation.
Antibacterial resistance is a major global problem as many bacterial infections are becoming increasingly difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance. There are two main issues - increased antibiotic resistance among bacteria and a declining antibiotic pipeline. Bacteria are developing resistance to existing antibiotics, especially gram-negative rods, leaving some infections with no effective treatment options. Meanwhile, the development of new antibiotics has slowed dramatically in recent years. Novel approaches are being explored to address the antibiotic resistance crisis, such as developing antibiotics from non-culturable bacteria and using bacteriophages and their gene products. However, the problem of antibiotic resistance worldwide remains serious without action.
Biochemical Monitoring of Detoxifying Enzyme Levels in Field Population of Mo...BRNSS Publication Hub
The major cause of resistance mechanism in mosquitoes is the detoxification and degradation of
insecticides by overproduction of various metabolic enzymes. Quantitative metabolic enzyme assays
of carboxylesterases (α and β), mixed function oxidases (MFO), and glutathione S-transferases (GST)
have been commonly used in the detection of insecticide resistance due to its sensitive nature even at low
frequencies. For the present study, larval strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Aedes aegypti (L) were
collected from the Cochin Corporation, Kerala, India, and were assayed to organophosphate temephos
and carbamate propoxur. The resistance ratio of median lethal time for temephos and propoxur from the
field population of C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti is higher than the laboratory population. Elevated
levels of α and β esterase enzyme were observed with the ratio of 1.6 and 1.54 for C. quinquefasciatus
and 1.51 and 1.47 for A. aegypti. In Culex mosquitoes, 1.71, and in Aedes, 1.64 fold increase in GST
enzyme level and 1.38 and 1.3 fold increase for the MFO level determined. The study results revealed
the urgent needs of improving the vector control methods by introducing alternative techniques and
strategies against mosquitoes.
This document summarizes research on a class of compounds called thiazolides and their potential as antiviral agents, specifically against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Key points:
1. Thiazolides show promise as novel antiviral agents that could help treat HBV infections by acting through a non-resistance inducing mechanism. Nitazoxanide is a broad-spectrum thiazolide currently used as an antiparasitic drug.
2. The study synthesized and tested a wide range of thiazolide analogs for anti-HBV activity. Compound 3 showed potent and selective inhibition of HBV replication with low toxicity.
3. Structure-activity relationship analysis found good correlation
An Impact of Biofield Treatment: Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Potential U...albertdivis
The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment modality on mycobacterial strains in relation to antimycobacterials susceptibility. Mycobacterial sensitivity was analysed using 12 B BACTEC vials on the BACTEC 460 TB machine in 39 lab isolates (sputum samples) from stored stock cultures.
Anti-microbial resistance has become a world health issue today. Therefore it is imperative to know about the methods of acquiring resistance and ways to deal with the situation and prevent resistance.
Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room AirBhoj Raj Singh
In the study, the effect of the Gayatri Mantra playing for 24 hr on microbial quality of air was examined in 12 rooms of scientists of the ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India willing to participate in the study and in 7 empty classroom/ examination hall lying vacant since March 2020 due to COVID-19. Of the empty rooms, 6 were used as the control for the first two days, then after a week, all rooms were also used to detect the effect of playing the Gayatri Mantra. A total of 31 bacterial species of medical importance were isolated and identified in the air of the rooms. After playing the Gayatri Mantra in Raag Bhairvi for 24 h bacterial count significantly decreased in rooms inhabited by vegetarian (OR 24, CI 95: 0.00-0.88; p, 0.036) than in rooms occupied by non-vegetarians. Rooms occupied by vegetarians. The effect of Gayatri Mantra in the empty room had no significant difference but bacterial count reduced. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarian increased significantly post Mantra playing. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarians and empty rooms varied significantly (OR 18, p, 0.02, CI 95: 0.00 – 0.79). Empty rooms with and without mantra not varied significantly for the reduction of the bacterial count. Paenibacillus spp. was not detected in any of the 12 rooms occupied by the scientists/ staff but in 3 of the 7 empty rooms (p, 0.01) it was detected even without playing any mantra. It indicated that daily disturbance in the environment may be detrimental to the survival of Paenibacillus spp. After playing Mantra P. alvei, P. cookie, P. lautus were detected in 5 of the seven rooms occupied by Non-vegetarians, while P. pantothenicus continued to be present in three of the vacant rooms even after playing the Mantra. Paenibacillus spp. bacteria are known for their probiotic potential and its significance in the study is not clear. It seems that the Gayatri mantra has some enrichment effect on Paenibacillus spp. but a detrimental effect on other microbes.
The study screened extracts from 21 species of Clusiaceae native to Mexico for anti-HIV activity. Five species showed significant inhibition (≥70%) of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Of these, extracts from Calophyllum brasiliense (hexane) and Clusia quadrangula inhibited the enzyme and were non-toxic to human cells. The C. brasiliense extract was the most potent, inhibiting viral replication with an ED50 of 37.1 μg/ml, while the C. quadrangula extract was less active. The results support Clusiaceae as a source of potential anti-HIV compounds.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Bi...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Biofield treatment on Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping. S. Paratyphi A strain was procured from MicroBioLogics in sealed packs bearing the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 9150). The study was conducted in revived and lyophilized state of S. paratyphi A. Both revived (Group, Gr. II) and lyophilized (Gr. III) strain of S. paratyphi A were subjected to Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Visit http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/44/ for details.
Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aer...rachelsalk
This document summarizes a study on the effects of biofield energy treatment on multidrug-resistant isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes. Two multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of E. aerogenes were divided into control and treated groups. The treated groups were subjected to biofield energy treatment by Mr. Trivedi. Antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration values, biochemical reactions, and biotype numbers were analyzed and compared between control and treated groups. The results showed alterations in antimicrobial susceptibility for 14.28% of antibiotics tested, decreases in MIC values for 12.5% of antibiotics, and overall 45.45% negative biochemical reactions in treated isolates compared to controls. A change in biotype number was also reported for one
Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia marcesc...albertdivis
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristics such as antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions, biotype, DNA polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880).
Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Typi...rachelsalk
Pathogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), particularly the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, are mostly associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy in nosocomial infections. The present work was designed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae. The strain of K. pneumoniae bearing ATCC 15380 (American Type Culture Collection) was procured from the Bangalore Genei, in sealed pack and divided into control and treated groups. Treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Further, the effect of biofield treatment was also evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in order to determine their epidemiological relatedness and genetic characteristics of biofield treated K. pneumoniae samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility results showed an improve sensitivity (i.e. from intermediate to susceptible) of ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol, while altered sensitivity of cephalothin (i.e. from susceptible to intermediate) was also reported as compared to the control sample. The MIC value showed two-fold decrease in MIC value of ampicillin/sulbactam (i.e. 16/8 to ≤8/4 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (i.e. 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL) as compared to the control. The cephalothin showed two-folds change (i.e. ≤ 8 to 16 μg/mL) in the MIC value as compared with the control. Biofield treatment showed 9.09% alterations in biochemical reactions followed by a change in biotype number (7774 4272) in the treated group with respect to the control (7774 4274). Genetic fingerprinting was performed on control and treated samples using RAPD-PCR biomarkers, which showed an average range of 11 to 15% of polymorphism among the treated samples with respect to the control. These results suggested that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on K. pneumoniae.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165). The study was performed into three groups i.e. C (control), T1 (treatment, revived), and T2 (treatment, lyophilized). Subsequently, groups T1 and T2 were received biofield treatment and control group was remained as untreated. Visit http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/43/ for details.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a Gram-negative bacillus, an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistant strains are associated with very high rate of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control. The following parameters viz. susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical studies and biotype number of both control and treated samples were measured by MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The results showed an overall change of 37.5% in susceptibility pattern and 39.4% in biochemical study while 33.3% changes in MIC values of tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment. Further, the treated group of S. maltophilia has also shown a significant change in biochemical reactions followed by its biotype number as compared to control group. Biochemical reactions of treated group showed negative reaction to acetamide and positive reactions to colistin, glucose, adonitol, melibiose, arabinose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer as compared with control. The biofield treatment showed an alteration in MIC values of amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotetan, ticarcillin/K-clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Altogether, data suggest that biofield treatment has significant effect to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials and biotype number against multidrug resistant strain of S. maltophilia.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...albertdivis
The document discusses an evaluation of the effects of biofield treatment on the susceptibility pattern of multidrug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The key findings of the study are:
1) Biofield treatment led to changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and minimum inhibitory concentration values of several antimicrobials against S. maltophilia.
2) 37.5% of the tested antimicrobials showed changes in susceptibility patterns and 33.3% showed changes in MIC values after biofield treatment.
3) Biofield treatment also resulted in 39.4% changes in biochemical reactions of S. maltophilia and changed its biotype number leading to identification as Enterobacter aerogenes rather
Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Sus...albertdivis
As biofield therapy is increasingly popular in biomedical heath care, so present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number of multidrug resistant strain of R. ornithinolytica.
Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in Maiduguri ...Scientific Review SR
This study investigated the multidrug resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Samples were collected from hospitals and tested for S. aureus, which was isolated from 38.8% of samples, primarily from wound swabs. Antibiotic sensitivity testing found high resistance to ciprofloxacin (64.3%), ampicillin (59.5%), and chloramphenicol (54.8%). Multiple antibiotic resistance was observed in over 92% of isolates. The multiple antibiotic resistance index was highest at 0.6 (23.8%) and 0.5 (19.0%), indicating resistance to multiple drugs. The results demonstrate high multidrug resistance in S. aureus isolates from the
Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates in Maiduguri M...Scientific Review
Multi drug-resistant (MDR) isolates of Staphylococcus aureus are on rise and are becoming a challenge for timely and appropriate treatment. The present study was carried out with an objective to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from clinical samples and determine their sensitivity. Out of 110 samples collected, 44 were shown to contained S. aureus. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests using 10 different and commonly used antibiotics by modified Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion technique. Out of the total isolates (42) tested, only 7.1% were susceptible to all the antibiotics. Multiple resistance was eminent in over 92% with highest occurrence in 4.8% where the entire antibiotics were resisted. Multiple antibiotic resistance indixes (MAR index) indicated that 0.6 index occurred most (23.8%) followed by 0.5 (19.0%). On the other hand, 0.1 and 0.8 indexes were the lowest with 0.0% and 1.0% occurrence respectively. Ciprofloxacin was resisted by most of the organisms (64.3%) while amoxicillin (64.3%) and streptomycin (61.9%) were most efficacious. With over 90% isolate having MAR index ≥ 0.2, the multiple drug resistance by the S. aureus is quite alarming and might suggest inappropriate antibiotic usage by the sampled population. Therefore, the need to strategize the nature of antibiotic treatment against S. aureus and massive campaign on indiscriminate antibiotic use is urgent.
Incidence rate of multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary care hospital, ...Apollo Hospitals
Antimicrobial resistance to microorganisms is a growing public health concern globally, especially in developing countries. This study was conducted to study the incidence rate of multidrug-resistant organisms with their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.
This document discusses a study that investigated the antifungal and anti-mycelium activities of biogenic silver, copper, zinc oxide, and gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were tested against four fungal strains (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of silver, copper, and zinc oxide nanoparticles were determined to be ≤8 μg/ml for the non-spore forming fungi and ≤16 μg/ml for the spore forming fungi. Anti-mycelium effects were observed for A. niger and F. oxysporum, with silver nanoparticles showing the highest effect at 72.8%. The
Environmental Transmission of Antimicrobial ResistancePranab Chatterjee
This document discusses antibiotic resistance and the role of the environment in the transmission of resistant bacteria. It begins with an overview of antibiotic resistance and how easy it is to make bacteria resistant to penicillin in the laboratory. It then discusses how improper use of antibiotics can educate bacteria to become resistant and infect others. The document notes that any antibiotic use can lead to resistance and discusses some evolutionary advantages bacteria have over humans in developing drug resistance. It also presents a hypothetical case study of a MRSA outbreak in high school students and how one would investigate such an outbreak. Finally, it discusses major drivers of antibiotic resistance in the environment, including biocides, metals, and antibiotics themselves, as well as pathways by which resistance can spread environmentally through
EPIDEMIOLOGYAntibiotic Susceptibility of Non-Cholera VibriTanaMaeskm
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Antibiotic Susceptibility of Non-Cholera Vibrios
Isolated from Farmed and Wild Marine Fish
(Argyrosomus japonicus), Implications for Public Health
Justine Fri,
1
Roland Ndip Ndip,
2
Henry Akum Njom,
1
and Anna Maria Clarke
1
This study aimed to evaluate the antibiogram and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of Vibrio isolates
recovered from a marine fish (Argyrosomus japonicus) and water samples from two commercial dusky kob
aquaculture farms and the Kariega estuary, South Africa, and to evaluate these findings for their public health
implications. A total of 277 molecularly confirmed Vibrio isolates consisting of 126 Vibrio fluvialis, 45 Vibrio
vulnificus, 30 Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, and 76 vibrios belonging to species of the genus other than Vibrio
cholerae were subjected to susceptibility testing to 15 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method. Multiple
antibiotic resistance index ( MARI) was used to determine the antibiotic resistance-associated health risk,
while polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the presence of 14 ARGs for nonsusceptible strains.
Highest resistances were recorded to amoxicillin (76.2%), ampicillin (67.5%), erythromycin (38.3%), and
doxycycline (35.0%), while susceptibilities were highest to gentamicin (100%), followed by norfloxacin
(97.8%), florfenicol (90.3%), tetracycline (87.7%), and chloramphenicol (87.4%). We recorded a 58.5%
multidrug resistance (resistance to ‡2 antimicrobial classes). MARI did not vary significantly between sites
( p > 0.05); however, values of >0.2 were recorded in 40% (108/277) of all strains tested. ARG markers, ampC,
blaOXA, tetA, tetM, dfr1, sul1, sul2, ermB, nptII, strA, and SXT integrase, were detected in one or more strains
with ermB (82.5%), sul2 (53.8%), strA (44%), dfr1 (42.3%), and tetM (38.3%) being the most abundant.
Healthy marine finfish (dusky kob) and their environment can serve as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant vibrios
and ARGs, which could be disseminated to humans and other susceptible bacteria and this therefore becomes a
public health concern.
Keywords: Vibrio, marine fish, antibiotic drug resistance, antibiotic resistant genes, public health
Introduction
Antimicrobials are widely used for the preventionand treatment of bacterial diseases in food animals.1
They are among the most widely administered drugs ap-
proved for animal health and management. Global estimates
indicate higher volumes of antimicrobials used in food-
producing animals, exceeding those used in humans.
2
Most
animal feeds are supplemented with various concentrations
of antimicrobials ranging from subtherapeutic to full doses.
Moreover, almost all the classes of antibiotics used in the
treatment of human infections are also used in food animals,
including the newest classes of drugs such as third- and
fourth-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, glyco-
peptides, and streptogramins.
2
In aquaculture, the control of antibiotic usage varies widely
from coun ...
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Yield, Quality and Control of Nematode in Car...rachelsalk
This study tested the Null Hypothesis for the effect of biofield treatment when used for control of nematode on carrot crops, Daucus carota, under typical growing conditions in year 2012 at Guadalupe, California, USA. Following biofield treatment, carrot seeds were planted in replicate plots with mechanical seeder and their development was recorded compared to control seed growth from untreated plots and plots treated with the commercial standard nematicide, further Vydate L was applied three times at rates of 1 and 0.5 gal/A, at 1, 18 and 35 days after seeding, respectively. At 70 and 109 days after the first application root galling severity in biofield treated crops was reduced by 54% and 22% respectively as compared to untreated while the Vydate response showed 0% and 25% control, respectively. Plots planted with biofield treated seeds resulted in the greatest number and weight of marketable carrot roots. Total yield and gross return were greatest in biofield treated group producing an approximately 33% increase over the untreated controls and 15% increase over those treated with the commercial standard, Vydate L. Vitamin A (beta carotene) was significantly greater (6512 IU/100 g) in biofield treated carrots compared with both the untreated controls (4941) and the commercial standard (5143). The results concluded that, Biofield treatment caused the numerical improvement in yield along with nematode control in carrots however, caused statistically
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Yield, Quality and Control of Nematode in Car...wilhelm mendel
This document summarizes a study that tested the effects of biofield treatment on carrot crops. Carrot seeds were treated with biofield energy or a commercial nematicide (Vydate L) and planted. Crop measurements showed higher shoot growth for Vydate-treated crops but lower root galling severity (nematode damage) for biofield-treated crops. Biofield-treated crops yielded the greatest number and weight of marketable carrots, with a 33% higher total yield and 15% higher gross return than untreated or Vydate-treated crops. Vitamin A content was also significantly higher (a 32% increase) in biofield-treated carrots. The results suggest that biofield treatment can improve carrot yield, quality, and
Vegetable Microbiology: Concern for Human Health | Crimson PublishersCrimsonpublishersCJMI
In the health conscious society of 21st century, vegetables
form an integral part of human diet. They provide us essential
vitamins and minerals, dietary fiber, phytochemicals, and also
help in reducing the risk of dangerous diseases [1]. World Health
Organization (WHO), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Food
& Agricultural Organization (FAO) and French Agency for Food
Safety (AFSSA) recommended the intake of atleast five servings
of vegetables and fruits per day [2]. In general, freshly consumed
vegetables are considered to be more vital than the cooked ones.
However, they are usually accompanied with many food borne
diseases, thus poses safety threats [3]. Ready to Eat (RTE) vegetables,
generally grown near the metropolitan cities are cultivated in
unhygienic environments [4], irrigated with poor quality water
[5], and fertilized using organic and inorganic amendments [6,7].
This all leads to microbial contamination and spread of infectious
diseases like diarrhoea, Salmonellosis and Shigellosis etc. in
humans. Bacteria are reported to be the major villain (Figure 1)
among the causes of food borne illness [8]. Bacteria associated or
isolated from different raw vegetables have been documented in article entitled “Recent Trends in Microbiological Safety of fruits and vegetables” by [9].
Antagonism of lactic acid bacteria against pathogenic agents not related to g...IJERA Editor
Oar researchhas provedthat lactic acid bacteria possess the wide spectrum of antagonistic activity. They inhibit the
growth of not only agents of intestinal infections but also agents ofdiseases not related to gastrointestinal tract.
This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of ethanol and chloroform extracts of Spirulina platensis against clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi. The ethanol extract showed variable zones of inhibition against the isolates ranging from 9.5-16 mm for S. Typhi and 9.7-14 mm for S. Paratyphi. However, the chloroform extract did not show any inhibitory effect. While the zones of inhibition were smaller than the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, this study provides promising evidence for developing a natural treatment for infections caused by these Salmonella serovars using S. platensis extracts.
Removal of Ciprofloxacin (CIP) by bacteria isolated from hospital effluent wa...AI Publications
Most antibiotics are metabolized incompletely by patients after administration and enter the municipal sewage with the patients’ excretion. Therefore, studies on the biodegradability of some clinically important drugs can be taken as a very first step of an environmental risk assessment. The present study reports the biodegradation of CIP by Lactobacillus gesseri, Enterobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Bacillus subtilius and Micrococcus luteus which were isolated as CIP resistance, non pathogenic bacteria. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria was identified using the 16s rRNA sequencing. A 0.5ml of overnight starved bacterial suspensions was introduced into medium containing CIP at 5 ppm. Triplicate samples were incubated at 280C with shaking at 100ppm. A 0.5 ml of subsamples was removed at 2 days interval for a period of 14 days. Samples were subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out for each sample at the end of the 14 days to find structures of by-products. Complete degradation of CIP by L. gasserri was detected at the end of 14 days of incubation with average degradation rate of 0.182 ±0.15µg /day. Descending degradation rates were followed by Enterobacter sp. (0.75 ±0.03 d-1) and Bacillus sp. (0.41±0.02d-1) at 8 and 6 days respectively. However, clear cut degradation of CIP was not detected for B.subtilis and Micrococcus luteus respectively. Further, FTIR spectrum revealed that incubation of L. gesseri, Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp., changed the piperazine ring and quinolone part in the CIP structure while degradation occurred.
Similar to Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotyping of Salmonella paratyphi A: An Impact of Biofield Treatment (20)
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties of Bro...albertdivis
Bronze, a copper-tin alloy, widely utilizing in manufacturing of gears, bearing, and packing technologies due to its versatile physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on physical and structural properties of bronze powder.
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Characteristics of...albertdivis
Barium oxide (BaO) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) are well known for their applications in electrical, optical and chemical industries. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on the structural and physical properties of BaO and ZnS powder.
Physical and Structural Characterization of Biofield Treated Imidazole Deriva...albertdivis
The Aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on two imidazole derivatives (i.e., imidazole and 2-methylimidazole) by various analytical methods.
Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield Tre...albertdivis
The objective of the present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole.
Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichloroben...albertdivis
This research article studied the effects of biofield treatment on para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB). p-DCB is widely used as a chemical intermediate but has some limitations. X-ray diffraction analysis found an increase in crystallite size of the treated sample compared to the control. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed a reduction in the latent heat of fusion and melting point of the treated p-DCB. Thermogravimetric analysis found an increase in the maximum weight loss temperature of the treated sample, indicating increased thermal stability. However, UV-visible spectroscopy found no changes in the structural properties of the treated p-DCB. Overall, the study found that biofield treatment
Antibiogram Typing and Biochemical Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae ...albertdivis
The Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on four MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of K. pneumoniae (LS 2, LS 6, LS 7, and LS 14).
Spectroscopic Characterization of Disodium Hydrogen Orthophosphate and Sodium...albertdivis
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate is a water soluble white powder widely used as pH regulator and saline laxative. The sodium nitrate is a highly water soluble white solid, used in high blood pressure, dentinal hypersensitivity, and production of fertilizers. The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate and sodium nitrate.
Fourier Transform Infrared and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopic Characteriza...albertdivis
Ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride are the white crystalline solid inorganic compounds having wide application in synthesis and analytical chemistry. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of inorganic salt like ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Aluminium Carbide P...albertdivis
Aluminium carbide (Al4C3) has gained extensive attention due to its abrasive and creep resistance properties. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical and structural properties of Al4C3 powder.
Structural and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Thymol and Mentholalbertdivis
Thymol and menthol are naturally occurring plant derived compounds, which have excellent pharmaceutical and antimicrobial applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy on physical and structural characteristics of thymol and menthol.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Metronidazole and Tinidazolealbertdivis
Metronidazole and tinidazole are widely used antimicrobial drugs against Gram-negative and Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on metronidazole and tinidazole using FT-IR and UV spectroscopy.
Potential Impact of BioField Treatment on Atomic and Physical Characteristics...albertdivis
Magnesium (Mg), present in every cell of all living organisms, is an essential nutrient and primarily responsible for catalytic reaction of over 300 enzymes. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on atomic and physical properties of magnesium powder.
Biofield Treatment: A Potential Strategy for Modification of Physical and The...albertdivis
Indole compounds are important class of therapeutic molecules, which have excellent pharmaceutical applications. The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of indole.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...albertdivis
Brass, a copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy has gained extensive attention in industries due to its high corrosion resistance, machinability and strength to weight ratio. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder.
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (...albertdivis
Chromium (VI) oxide (CrO3) has gained extensive attention due to its versatile physical and chemical properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder.
Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Pe...albertdivis
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Thermal, Physical and Structural Prope...albertdivis
Cadmium is widely utilized in nickel-cadmium batteries, stabilizers, and coating applications due to its versatile physico-chemical properties. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on atomic, thermal, and physical properties of cadmium powder.
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properti...albertdivis
Boron nitride (BN) is known for high hardness, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and catalytic action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, structural and spectral properties of BN powder.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
PPT on Direct Seeded Rice presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024.
2. responding into useful way that is called biofield energy and the
process is known as biofield treatment. Mr. Trivedi’s unique biofield
treatment is also known as The Trivedi Effect®. Mr. Mahendra
Trivedi’s biofield treatment has been known to transform the
structural, physical and thermal properties of several metals in
material science [14-16], improved the overall productivity of crops
[17,18], altered characteristics features of microbes [19-21] and
improved growth and anatomical characteristics of various medicinal
plants [22,23].
Due to the clinical significance of this organism and literature
reports on biofield treatment as an alternative approach, the present
work was undertaken to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on S.
paratyphi A in relation to antimicrobials susceptibility, minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biotyping based on various
biochemical characters.
Materials and Methods
S. paratyphi A, American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 9150)
strains were procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA, in two sets A
and B. Two different sealed packs were stored with proper storage
conditions until further use. The antimicrobial susceptibility, MIC
values, biochemical reactions and biotype number were estimated with
the help of MicroScan Walk-Away® (Dade Behring Inc., West
Sacramento, CA, USA) using negative breakpoint combo 30 (NBPC
30) panel with respect to control sample. All the tested antimicrobials
and biochemicals were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (MA, USA).
Experimental design
Two ATCC samples A (revived) and B (lyophilized) of S. paratyphi
A were grouped (Gr.). The revived sample A was divided into two
parts Gr.I (control) and Gr.II (revived; treatment); likewise, ATCC B
was labeled as Gr.III (lyophilized; treatment).
Biofield treatment strategy
Gr. I remained as untreated. The treatment Gr. II and III in sealed
pack were handed over to Mr. Trivedi for biofield treatment under
laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided the treatment through his
energy transmission process to the treatment groups without touching
the samples. After treatment, all samples were handed over in the same
condition and stored for analysis. Gr.II was assessed at two time point
i.e. on day 5 and 10 and Gr. III was assessed on day 10. After biofield
treatment, all the groups (control and treated) were investigated for
antimicrobial susceptibility, MIC, biochemical reactions pattern and
biotyping.
Antimicrobial susceptibility test
Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of S. paratyphi A was
carried out with the help of automated instrument, MicroScan Walk-
Away® using NBPC 30 panel. The panel can be stored at 2°C-25°C for
analysis. The panel was allowed to equilibrate to room temperature
prior to rehydration. All opened panel was used within the same day.
The tests carried out on MicroScan were miniaturized of the broth
dilution susceptibility test that has been dehydrated. Briefly, the 0.1 ml
(100 μl) of the standardized suspension of S. paratyphi A was pipetted
into 25 ml of inoculum water using pluronic and inverted 8-10 times
and inoculated, rehydrated, and then subjected to incubation for 16
hours at 35°C. Rehydration and inoculation was performed using the
RENOK® system with inoculators-D (B1013-4). 25 ml of standardized
inoculum suspension was poured in to inoculum tray. The detailed
experimental procedures and conditions were followed as per the
manufacturer's instructions. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern
(S: Susceptible, R: Resistant; and I: Intermediate) and MIC values were
determined by observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration
showing inhibition of growth [24].
Biochemical reaction studies
Biochemical activities of S. paratyphi A was determined using
MicroScan Walk-Away®, system with NBPC 30 panel. Preparation of
NBPC 30 panel, inoculum followed by dehydration and rehydration
were performed similar way as mentioned in antimicrobial
susceptibility assay for analysis of biochemical reaction followed by
biotype number. The detailed experimental procedures and conditions
were followed as per the manufacturer's instructions [24,25].
Identification of organism by biotype number
The biotype number of S. paratyphi A was determined on
MicroScan Walk-Away® processed panel data report with the help of
biochemical reactions data. [24,26].
Results and Discussion
Antimicrobial susceptibility test
The outcome of S. paratyphi A susceptibility pattern and MIC
values of tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment are summarized
in Tables 1 and 2 respectively. The data were analyzed and compared
with respect to control. Antimicrobial sensitivity was carried out in
twenty antimicrobials. The revived treated cells (Gr. II) of S. paratyphi
A showed a significant (60%) alteration (twelve out of twenty) in
antimicrobial sensitivity pattern on day 10 while did not show any
alteration on day 5 as well as in Gr. III as compared to control.
Antimicrobials such as amoxicillin/k-clavulanate, ampicillin/
sulbactam, aztreonam, chloramphenicol, piperacillin, tetracycline and
ticarcillin/k-clavulanate showed alteration of susceptibility pattern
from S to I in Gr. II on day 10 as compared to control. Moreover,
antimicrobial agents such as ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone,
ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole showed alteration
of sensitivity pattern from S to R in Gr. II on day 10 as compared to
control after biofield treatment. Eight out of twenty (40%)
antimicrobials did not show any change of antimicrobial sensitivity
after biofield treatment with respect to control sample (Table 1). The
MIC values of amoxicillin/k-clavulanate and ampicillin/sulbactam
were changed from ≤ 8/4 µg/ml to 16/8 µg/ml in Gr. II on day 10.
Moreover, MIC values of ampicillin and ceftazidime were also
changed from ≤ 8 µg/ml to >16 µg/ml) in Gr. II on day 10 as compared
to control. Alteration of MIC values (≤ 8 µg/ml to 16 µg/ml) were
noticed in revived treated samples of certain antimicrobials like
aztreonam, cefoxitin, and chloramphenicol except cefuroxime were
changed from ≤ 4 µg/ml to 16 µg/ml on day 10. Moreover, change in
MIC values (≤ 4 µg/ml to 8 µg/ml) were observed in Gr. II in case of
norfloxacin, tetracycline and tobramycin on day 10 after biofield
treatment. Antimicrobials showed an alteration of MIC value (≤ 8
µg/ml to >32 µg/ml) in case of ceftriaxone, (≤ 1 µg/ml to >2 µg/ml) in
case of ciprofloxacin, (≤ 16 µg/ml to 64 µg/ml) in case of piperacillin
and ticarcillin/k-clavulanate, (≤ 2/38 µg/ml to >2/38 µg/ml) in case of
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole on day 10 in Gr. II. Besides this,
Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics
and Biotyping of Salmonella paratyphi A: An Impact of Biofield Treatment. Clin Microbiol 4: 215. doi:10.4172/2327-5073.1000215
Page 2 of 7
Clin Microbiol
ISSN:2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000215
3. ESBL-b Scrn showed an alteration of MIC value (≤ 1 to >1 µg/ml) in
Gr. II on day 10. Overall, 53.12% (seventeen out of thirty two) MIC
values were altered after biofield treatment as compared to control.
Fifteen, out of thirty two tested antimicrobials (46.88%) did not show
any alteration of MIC values in treated cells of S. paratyphi A as
compared to control (Table 2). Overall, the antimicrobial resistance
pattern (S to I/R) and corresponding MIC values were significantly
altered in revived strain S. paratyphi A after biofield treatment as
compared to control. In this experiment, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime
were sensitive to control S. paratyphi A (Gr. 1) and the MIC value was
slight increase in ciprofloxacin (≤ 1 µg/ml to >2 µg/ml) while, it did
not alter in case of cefotaxime in Gr.II on day 10. This finding is
supported by literature data [27].
S. No. Antimicrobial
Type of Response
Gr. I Gr. II Gr. III
Day 5 Day 10
1 Amoxicillin/k-clavulanate S S I S
2 Ampicillin/sulbactam S S I S
3 Ampicillin S S R S
4 Aztreonam S S I S
5 Cefepime S S S S
6 Cefotaxime S S S S
7 Ceftazidime S S R S
8 Ceftriaxone S S R S
9 Chloramphenicol S S I S
10 Ciprofloxacin S S R S
11 Gatifloxacin S S S S
12 Imipenem S S S S
13 Levofloxacin S S S S
14 Meropenem S S S S
15 Moxifloxacin S S S S
16 Piperacillin/tazobactam S S S S
17 Piperacillin S S I S
18 Tetracycline S S I S
19 Ticarcillin/k-clavulanate S S I S
20 Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole S S R S
R: Resistant; I: Intermediate; S: Susceptible; Gr.: Group
Table 1: Antibiogram of Salmonella paratyphi A: effect of biofield treatment on antimicrobial susceptibility.
S. No. Antimicrobial
Type of Response
Gr. IIIGr. I Gr. II
Day 5 Day 10
1 Amikacin ≤ 16 ≤ 16 ≤ 16 ≤ 16
2 Amoxicillin/k-clavulanate ≤ 8/4 ≤ 8/4 16/8 ≤ 8/4
3 Ampicillin/sulbactam ≤ 8/4 ≤ 8/4 16/8 ≤ 8/4
Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics
and Biotyping of Salmonella paratyphi A: An Impact of Biofield Treatment. Clin Microbiol 4: 215. doi:10.4172/2327-5073.1000215
Page 3 of 7
Clin Microbiol
ISSN:2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000215
4. 4 Ampicillin ≤ 8 ≤ 8 >16 ≤ 8
5 Aztreonam ≤ 8 ≤ 8 16 ≤ 8
6 Cefazolin ≤ 8 ≤ 8 ≤ 8 ≤ 8
7 Cefepime ≤ 8 ≤ 8 ≤ 8 ≤ 8
8 Cefotaxime ≤ 8 ≤ 8 ≤ 8 ≤ 8
9 Cefotetan ≤ 16 ≤ 16 ≤ 16 ≤ 16
10 Cefoxitin ≤ 8 ≤ 8 16 ≤ 8
11 Ceftazidime ≤ 8 ≤ 8 >16 ≤ 8
12 Ceftriaxone ≤ 8 ≤ 8 >32 ≤ 8
13 Cefuroxime ≤ 4 ≤ 4 16 ≤ 4
14 Cephalothin ≤ 8 ≤ 8 ≤ 8 ≤ 8
15 Chloramphenicol ≤ 8 ≤ 8 16 ≤ 8
16 Ciprofloxacin ≤ 1 ≤ 1 >2 ≤ 1
17 ESBL-a Scrn ≤ 4 ≤ 4 ≤ 4 ≤ 4
18 ESBL-b Scrn ≤ 1 ≤ 1 >1 ≤ 1
19 Gatifloxacin ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ≤ 2
20 Gentamicin ≤ 4 ≤ 4 ≤ 4 ≤ 4
21 Imipenem ≤ 4 ≤ 4 ≤ 4 ≤ 4
22 Levofloxacin ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ≤ 2
23 Meropenem ≤ 4 ≤ 4 ≤ 4 ≤ 4
24 Moxifloxacin ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ≤ 2 ≤ 2
25 Nitrofurantoin ≤ 32 ≤ 32 ≤ 32 ≤ 32
26 Norfloxacin ≤ 4 ≤ 4 8 ≤ 4
27 Piperacillin/tazobactam ≤ 16 ≤ 16 ≤ 16 ≤ 16
28 Piperacillin ≤ 16 ≤ 16 64 ≤ 16
29 Tetracycline ≤ 4 ≤ 4 8 ≤ 4
30 Ticarcillin/k-clavulanate ≤ 16 ≤ 16 64 ≤ 16
31 Tobramycin ≤ 4 ≤ 4 8 ≤ 4
32 Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ≤ 2/38 ≤ 2/38 >2/38 ≤ 2/38
Table 2: Effect of biofield treatment on Salmonella paratyphi A to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of tested antimicrobials. MIC
data are presented in µg/ml; Gr.: Group; ESBL-a, b Scrn: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase Screen
Biochemical reactions studies
Study of biochemical reactions can be utilized to identify the
enzymatic and metabolic characteristics feature of microbes.
Microorganisms can be categorically differentiated based on their
utilization of specific biochemicals as nutrients during the process of
metabolism or enzymatic reactions. The specific biochemicals showed
some changes against S. paratyphi A after biofield treatment as shown
in Table 3. Biochemicals such as melibiose, galactosidase, raffinose,
tobramycin and kanamycin were changed from negative (-) to positive
(+) reaction in Gr. II (on day 10) but remained same i.e. negative (-) in
Gr. II (on day 5) and in lyophilized treated cells (on day 10) with
respective to control. According to Latif et al. positive reaction (+) of
galactosidase is the characteristics feature of citrobacter species [28],
which positively correlated with change of biotype number and
identification of the same organism in this experiment after biofield
treatment. Citrate converted from negative (-) to positive (+) reaction
in all the treated groups with respect to control in biofield treated S.
paratyphi A cells. Overall, 18.18% biochemical reactions were altered
Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics
and Biotyping of Salmonella paratyphi A: An Impact of Biofield Treatment. Clin Microbiol 4: 215. doi:10.4172/2327-5073.1000215
Page 4 of 7
Clin Microbiol
ISSN:2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000215
5. in tested thirty three biochemicals with respect to control after biofield
treatment. In revived treated strain of S. paratyphi A cells showed
alteration of biochemical reactions as 18.18% on day 10 and 3.03% on
day 5, as compared to control. The lyophilized treated cells (Gr. III) of
S. paratyphi A showed only 3.03% alteration of biochemical reaction as
compared to control. About 81.82% of total tested biochemicals, such
as acetamide, adonitol, arabinose, arginine, cetrimide, cephalothin,
colistin, esculin hydrolysis, nitrofurantoin, glucose, hydrogen sulfide,
indole, inositol, lysin, malonate, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation,
ornithine, oxidase, penicillin, rhamnose, sorbitol, sucrose, tartrate,
tryptophan deaminase, urea and Voges-Proskauer did not show any
change in all treated groups after biofield treatment as compared to
control.
S. No. Code Biochemical Gr. I
Type of Response
Gr. II Gr. III
Day 5 Day 10
1. ACE Acetamide - - - -
2. ADO Adonitol - - - -
3. ARA Arabinose + + + +
4. ARG Arginine - - - -
5. CET Cetrimide - - - -
6. CF8 Cephalothin - - - -
7. CIT Citrate - + + +
8. CL4 Colistin - - - -
9. ESC Esculin hydrolysis - - - -
10. FD64 Nitrofurantoin - - - -
11. GLU Glucose + + + +
12. H2S Hydrogen sulfide - - - -
13. IND Indole - - - -
14. INO Inositol - - - -
15. K4 Kanamycin - - + -
16. LYS Lysine - - - -
17. MAL Malonate - - - -
18. MEL Melibiose - - + -
19. NIT Nitrate + + + +
20. OF/G Oxidation-fermentation/glucose + + + +
21. ONPG Galactosidase - - + -
22. ORN Ornithine + + + +
23. OXI Oxidase - - - -
24. P4 Penicillin - - - -
25. RAF Raffinose - - + -
26. RHA Rhamnose + + + +
27. SOR Sorbitol + + + +
28. SUC Sucrose - - - -
29. TAR Tartrate - - - -
Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics
and Biotyping of Salmonella paratyphi A: An Impact of Biofield Treatment. Clin Microbiol 4: 215. doi:10.4172/2327-5073.1000215
Page 5 of 7
Clin Microbiol
ISSN:2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000215
6. 30. TDA Tryptophan deaminase - - - -
31. TO4 Tobramycin - - + -
32. URE Urea - - - -
33. VP Voges-Proskauer - - - -
Negative: (-);Positive: (+); Gr: Group
Table 3: Effect of biofield treatment on Salmonella paratyphi A to the biochemical reaction pattern.
Based on existing literature Salmonella serovers are able to ferment
the five basic sugars by producing both acid and gas. However,
differentiation of specific Salmonella serotype on the basis of their
sugar fermentation pattern is difficult. The key characteristic feature
for Salmonella paratyphi A bacterium is non-lactose fermenting, but it
can ferment glucose with production of acid and gas [25]. In this
experiment, control sample of S. paratyphi A resulted positive (+)
reaction in glucose and sorbitol and negative reaction (-) in case of
sucrose. These biochemical results supported from literature data
Buxton and Fraser [29], Hossain [30], and Han et al. [31]. These
findings could be due to fermentation of glucose and produce acid and
gas which supports the characteristics feature of S. paratyphi A.
Negative reaction (-) of indole of Salmonella paratyphi A in control
sample was found due to split of tryptophan form indole. Negative
reaction (-) was also observed in Voges-Proskauer biochemical of
control sample. The negative responses of indole and Voges-Proskauer
were directly correlated that the microbe was Gram-negative rod
shaped and belongs to Enterobacteriaceae family, these findings also
supports the statement of Latif et al. [28].
Identification of organism by biotype number
The species (S. paratyphi A) was identified based on variety of
conventional biochemical characters and biotyping. Biotype number
of particular organism was evaluated after interpreting the results of
the biochemical reactions. Further, the biotype number led to the
particular organism identification. In this experiment, biotyping was
performed using automated systems, and results found significant
changes in the biofield treated Gr. II (on day 5 and 10) and Gr. III (on
day 10). Based on the biochemical results, biotype number was
changed in treated Gr. II on day 5 (53001040, S. paratyphi A), on day
10 (57101050, Citrobacter freundii complex) and Gr. III on day 10
(53001040, S. paratyphi A) with respect to control (53001000) i.e. S.
paratyphi A (Table 4). In revived treated cells the change of biotype
number with organism i.e. Citrobacter freundii complex was possibly
due to positive reaction (+) of ONPG after biofield treatment as
compared to control. These findings are supported by the statement of
Latif et al. [28]. This change of organism is assumed due to metabolic
or enzymatic reaction of S. paratyphi A. For further confirmation, a
detailed study is required on genetic level.
Feature Gr. I
Gr. II Gr. III
Day 5 Day 10 Day 10
Biotype 53001000 53001040 57101050 53001040
Organism
Identification Name
S. paratyphi A S. paratyphi A Citrobacter freundii complex S. paratyphi A
Gr.: Group
Table 4: Effect of biofield treatment on biotype number of Salmonella paratyphi A.
Due to microbial resistance to a single or multiple drugs, invention
of an effective antimicrobial therapy for the human-wellness is
urgently required. However, due to some limitation of science, the
progress of new medications is slow and very challenging for scientists.
Mr. Trivedi has the ability to harness energy from environment and
altered the significant changes in microorganisms [19-21]. Mr.
Trivedi’s biofield treatment on various strains of clinical isolates [20]
and multi drug resistance (MDR) [19,21] have recently reported a
significant results. Biofield treatment might be responsible to do
alteration in microorganism at genetic level and/or enzymatic level,
which may act on receptor protein. While altering receptor protein,
ligand-receptor/protein interactions may altered that could lead to
show different phenotypic characteristics [32]. Biofield treatment
might induce significant changes in revived strain of S. paratyphi A
and altered antimicrobials susceptibility pattern, MIC values,
biochemical reactions, and ultimately change the biotype number.
Based on these results, we hope that, biofield treatment has the ability
to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials.
Conclusions
Altogether, the biofield treatment has significantly altered the
susceptibility pattern (60%) with MIC values (53.12%) of tested
antimicrobials against the strain of S. paratyphi A in revived treated
cells (Gr. II) as compared to control. It also altered the biochemical
reactions pattern (18.18%) and biotype number of biofield treated
strain of S. paratyphi A in Gr. II as compared to control. On the basis
of changed biotype number after biofield treatment, new organism was
identified in Gr. II as Citrobacter freundii complex (57101050) with
respect to control i.e. S. paratyphi A (53001000). Mr. Trivedi’s biofield
treatment could be applied as alternative therapeutic approach to alter
the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials.
Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics
and Biotyping of Salmonella paratyphi A: An Impact of Biofield Treatment. Clin Microbiol 4: 215. doi:10.4172/2327-5073.1000215
Page 6 of 7
Clin Microbiol
ISSN:2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000215
7. Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding
the publication of this paper.
Acknowledgement
Authors gratefully acknowledged to Trivedi science, Trivedi
testimonials and Trivedi master wellness and the whole team of PD
Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Microbiology Lab for
their support.
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Citation: Trivedi MK, Branton A, Trivedi D, Nayak G, Shettigar H, et al. (2015) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics
and Biotyping of Salmonella paratyphi A: An Impact of Biofield Treatment. Clin Microbiol 4: 215. doi:10.4172/2327-5073.1000215
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Clin Microbiol
ISSN:2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000215