The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristics such as antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions, biotype, DNA polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880).
An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Multidrug-resistant Burkholderia cepacia: ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug resistant B. cepacia. Clinicalsample of B. cepacia was divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated.
Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Sus...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
As biofield therapy is increasingly popular in biomedical heath care, so present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number of multidrug resistant strain of R. ornithinolytica.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Typi...wilhelm mendel
Pathogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), particularly the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, are mostly associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy in nosocomial infections. The present work was designed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae. The strain of K. pneumoniae bearing ATCC 15380 (American Type Culture Collection) was procured from the Bangalore Genei, in sealed pack and divided into control and treated groups. Treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Further, the effect of biofield treatment was also evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in order to determine their epidemiological relatedness and genetic characteristics of biofield treated K. pneumoniae samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility results showed an improve sensitivity (i.e. from intermediate to susceptible) of ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol, while altered sensitivity of cephalothin (i.e. from susceptible to intermediate) was also reported as compared to the control sample. The MIC value showed two-fold decrease in MIC value of ampicillin/sulbactam (i.e. 16/8 to ≤8/4 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (i.e. 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL) as compared to the control. The cephalothin showed two-folds change (i.e. ≤ 8 to 16 μg/mL) in the MIC value as compared with the control. Biofield treatment showed 9.09% alterations in biochemical reactions followed by a change in biotype number (7774 4272) in the treated group with respect to the control (7774 4274). Genetic fingerprinting was performed on control and treated samples using RAPD-PCR biomarkers, which showed an average range of 11 to 15% of polymorphism among the treated samples with respect to the control. These results suggested that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on K. pneumoniae.
Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aer...wilhelm mendel
Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes) has been reported as the versatile opportunistic pathogen associated with the hospital infections worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on multidrug resistant clinical lab isolates (LSs) of E. aerogenes. The MDR isolates of E. aerogenes (i.e., LS 45 and LS 54) were divided into two groups, i.e., control and treated. Samples were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away® system, on day 10 after the biofield treatment. The antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 14.28% alteration out of twenty eight tested antimicrobials with respect to the control. The cefotetan sensitivity changed from intermediate (I) to inducible β-lactamase (IB), while piperacillin/tazobactam changed from resistant to IB in the treated LS 45. Improved sensitivity was reported in tetracycline, i.e., from I to susceptible (S) in LS 45, while chloramphenicol and tetracycline sensitivity changed from R to I in treated LS 54. Four-fold decrease in MIC value was reported in piperacillin/tazobactam, and two-fold decrease in cefotetan and tetracycline in the biofield treated LS 45 as compared to the control. MIC results showed an overall decreased MIC values in 12.50% tested antimicrobials such as chloramphenicol (16 μg/mL) and tetracycline (8 μg/mL) in LS 54. The biochemical study showed an overall 45.45% negative reaction in the tested biochemical in both the treated isolates as compared to the control. A change in biotype number was reported in MDR isolates (LS 45 and LS 54), while in LS 54, altered biotype number, i.e., 0406 0374 as compared to the control (7770 4376), with identification of the new species as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with brown color as special characteristic. The study findings suggest that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on clinical MDR isolates of E. aerogenes has the significant effect on altering the sensitivity of antimicrobials, decreasing the MIC values, changed biochemical reactions, and biotype number.
An Impact of Biofield Treatment: Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Potential U...albertdivis
The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment modality on mycobacterial strains in relation to antimycobacterials susceptibility. Mycobacterial sensitivity was analysed using 12 B BACTEC vials on the BACTEC 460 TB machine in 39 lab isolates (sputum samples) from stored stock cultures.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens after Biofield T...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity patternof P. fluorescens. P. fluorescens cells were procured from MicroBioLogics in sealed packs bearing the AmericanType Culture Collection (ATCC 49838) number.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control.
An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Multidrug-resistant Burkholderia cepacia: ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug resistant B. cepacia. Clinicalsample of B. cepacia was divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated.
Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Sus...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
As biofield therapy is increasingly popular in biomedical heath care, so present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number of multidrug resistant strain of R. ornithinolytica.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Typi...wilhelm mendel
Pathogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), particularly the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, are mostly associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy in nosocomial infections. The present work was designed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae. The strain of K. pneumoniae bearing ATCC 15380 (American Type Culture Collection) was procured from the Bangalore Genei, in sealed pack and divided into control and treated groups. Treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Further, the effect of biofield treatment was also evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in order to determine their epidemiological relatedness and genetic characteristics of biofield treated K. pneumoniae samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility results showed an improve sensitivity (i.e. from intermediate to susceptible) of ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol, while altered sensitivity of cephalothin (i.e. from susceptible to intermediate) was also reported as compared to the control sample. The MIC value showed two-fold decrease in MIC value of ampicillin/sulbactam (i.e. 16/8 to ≤8/4 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (i.e. 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL) as compared to the control. The cephalothin showed two-folds change (i.e. ≤ 8 to 16 μg/mL) in the MIC value as compared with the control. Biofield treatment showed 9.09% alterations in biochemical reactions followed by a change in biotype number (7774 4272) in the treated group with respect to the control (7774 4274). Genetic fingerprinting was performed on control and treated samples using RAPD-PCR biomarkers, which showed an average range of 11 to 15% of polymorphism among the treated samples with respect to the control. These results suggested that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on K. pneumoniae.
Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aer...wilhelm mendel
Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes) has been reported as the versatile opportunistic pathogen associated with the hospital infections worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on multidrug resistant clinical lab isolates (LSs) of E. aerogenes. The MDR isolates of E. aerogenes (i.e., LS 45 and LS 54) were divided into two groups, i.e., control and treated. Samples were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away® system, on day 10 after the biofield treatment. The antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 14.28% alteration out of twenty eight tested antimicrobials with respect to the control. The cefotetan sensitivity changed from intermediate (I) to inducible β-lactamase (IB), while piperacillin/tazobactam changed from resistant to IB in the treated LS 45. Improved sensitivity was reported in tetracycline, i.e., from I to susceptible (S) in LS 45, while chloramphenicol and tetracycline sensitivity changed from R to I in treated LS 54. Four-fold decrease in MIC value was reported in piperacillin/tazobactam, and two-fold decrease in cefotetan and tetracycline in the biofield treated LS 45 as compared to the control. MIC results showed an overall decreased MIC values in 12.50% tested antimicrobials such as chloramphenicol (16 μg/mL) and tetracycline (8 μg/mL) in LS 54. The biochemical study showed an overall 45.45% negative reaction in the tested biochemical in both the treated isolates as compared to the control. A change in biotype number was reported in MDR isolates (LS 45 and LS 54), while in LS 54, altered biotype number, i.e., 0406 0374 as compared to the control (7770 4376), with identification of the new species as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with brown color as special characteristic. The study findings suggest that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on clinical MDR isolates of E. aerogenes has the significant effect on altering the sensitivity of antimicrobials, decreasing the MIC values, changed biochemical reactions, and biotype number.
An Impact of Biofield Treatment: Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Potential U...albertdivis
The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment modality on mycobacterial strains in relation to antimycobacterials susceptibility. Mycobacterial sensitivity was analysed using 12 B BACTEC vials on the BACTEC 460 TB machine in 39 lab isolates (sputum samples) from stored stock cultures.
Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas fluorescens after Biofield T...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity patternof P. fluorescens. P. fluorescens cells were procured from MicroBioLogics in sealed packs bearing the AmericanType Culture Collection (ATCC 49838) number.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristic of Pr...albertdivis
The Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on P. rettgeri against antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reaction pattern, biotype number, and 16S rDNA sequence.
Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on...albertdivis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype.
Biochemical Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureusdeeptimishra10
The specific biochemicals showed some changes against S. aureus after biofiel d treatment. In this study, overall 37.93% biochemical reactions were altered in tested twenty nine biochemicals with respect to control after biofield treatment.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotypi...albertdivis
The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping.
Mohit Vashishta is an Indian immunologist with expertise in tuberculosis and pneumococcal infections. He has a PhD from the University of Delhi and has published 5 papers with impact factors ranging from 2.7 to 4.573. His research focuses on regulating programmed death ligand-1 expression and understanding host-pathogen interactions during bacterial infections. He has over 8 years of experience in research and teaching and seeks to further his career in immunology.
Benzanthrone induced immunotoxicity via oxidative stressPrachi Tewari
The document summarizes a study on the immunotoxic effects of benzanthrone (BA) in mice. The key findings are:
1) BA exposed mice exhibited signs of systemic inflammation like enhanced delayed type hypersensitivity response and myeloperoxidase activity. Histopathological examination showed hyperplastic and dysplastic changes in spleen and lung tissues.
2) Exposure to BA led to oxidative stress, upregulation of inflammatory markers iNOS and COX-2, and DNA damage in spleen tissues.
3) Inflammatory and regulatory cytokine levels like IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-10 and IL-4 were significantly increased in serum and spleen tissues.
ABSTRACT- Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a widely distributed pest in South-East Asia, feeding on 63 plant species belonging to 22 families. It is a serious pest of soybean, pulses oilseeds, cotton and vegetables. In an outbreak phase, this insect can completely defoliate large area of crops causing reduction in yield. Heavy use of synthetic organic insecticides to control this pest resulted in the development of resistance against insecticides of different groups. Although a variety of agrochemicals are used for growing crops, little is known about their direct or indirect effects on nontarget organisms including insect pests. Therefore, alternative control measures have been searched out for this noxious pest. By adopting probable and advanced management practices this important pest can be managed. Key-words- Spodoptera litura, Bioassay, agrochemicals, Growth and development, Polyphagous pest
Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room AirBhoj Raj Singh
In the study, the effect of the Gayatri Mantra playing for 24 hr on microbial quality of air was examined in 12 rooms of scientists of the ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India willing to participate in the study and in 7 empty classroom/ examination hall lying vacant since March 2020 due to COVID-19. Of the empty rooms, 6 were used as the control for the first two days, then after a week, all rooms were also used to detect the effect of playing the Gayatri Mantra. A total of 31 bacterial species of medical importance were isolated and identified in the air of the rooms. After playing the Gayatri Mantra in Raag Bhairvi for 24 h bacterial count significantly decreased in rooms inhabited by vegetarian (OR 24, CI 95: 0.00-0.88; p, 0.036) than in rooms occupied by non-vegetarians. Rooms occupied by vegetarians. The effect of Gayatri Mantra in the empty room had no significant difference but bacterial count reduced. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarian increased significantly post Mantra playing. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarians and empty rooms varied significantly (OR 18, p, 0.02, CI 95: 0.00 – 0.79). Empty rooms with and without mantra not varied significantly for the reduction of the bacterial count. Paenibacillus spp. was not detected in any of the 12 rooms occupied by the scientists/ staff but in 3 of the 7 empty rooms (p, 0.01) it was detected even without playing any mantra. It indicated that daily disturbance in the environment may be detrimental to the survival of Paenibacillus spp. After playing Mantra P. alvei, P. cookie, P. lautus were detected in 5 of the seven rooms occupied by Non-vegetarians, while P. pantothenicus continued to be present in three of the vacant rooms even after playing the Mantra. Paenibacillus spp. bacteria are known for their probiotic potential and its significance in the study is not clear. It seems that the Gayatri mantra has some enrichment effect on Paenibacillus spp. but a detrimental effect on other microbes.
This document discusses a study that investigated the antifungal and anti-mycelium activities of biogenic silver, copper, zinc oxide, and gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were tested against four fungal strains (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of silver, copper, and zinc oxide nanoparticles were determined to be ≤8 μg/ml for the non-spore forming fungi and ≤16 μg/ml for the spore forming fungi. Anti-mycelium effects were observed for A. niger and F. oxysporum, with silver nanoparticles showing the highest effect at 72.8%. The
This document summarizes several research studies on various antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. It discusses penicillin and its derivatives as immune response triggers. It also looks at hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics in children and methods of synthesis and molecular modeling of cephalosporins. Additional articles summarize the pH potential of antimicrobials under environmental and light factors, glycopeptides in clinical development, targeting the bacterial cell wall, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and dalbavancin origin and activity. Further articles address tigecycline, fluoroquinolones, tuberculosis treatment, rifaximin, shortening treatment for tuberculosis, polymyxin B sulfate, colistin, mechanisms of newer antibiotics
This is part of our project that aims to assess current state of anti-microbial resistance in Egypt with a specific focus on development of anti-parasitic drugs resistance in addition.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Yield, Quality and Control of Nematode in Car...wilhelm mendel
This document summarizes a study that tested the effects of biofield treatment on carrot crops. Carrot seeds were treated with biofield energy or a commercial nematicide (Vydate L) and planted. Crop measurements showed higher shoot growth for Vydate-treated crops but lower root galling severity (nematode damage) for biofield-treated crops. Biofield-treated crops yielded the greatest number and weight of marketable carrots, with a 33% higher total yield and 15% higher gross return than untreated or Vydate-treated crops. Vitamin A content was also significantly higher (a 32% increase) in biofield-treated carrots. The results suggest that biofield treatment can improve carrot yield, quality, and
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis cause severe disease of lungs known as Tuberculosis. It is a major cause
of morbidity and mortality even in the emerging countries also. However, to prepare an antibiotics drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major challenge
This document provides a detailed literature review for a research proposal on isolating and characterizing antibiotic-producing microorganisms from soil samples near industrial areas. The review covers soil microbial communities and interactions, common types of antibiotic-producing microbes found in soil like Actinomycetes and Bacillus species, methods for isolating pure cultures of microbes, and techniques for identifying isolated microbes and determining their antibiotic activity. The proposed research aims to screen soil samples for new antibiotics that could have applications in industry and medicine.
Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aer...rachelsalk
This document summarizes a study on the effects of biofield energy treatment on multidrug-resistant isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes. Two multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of E. aerogenes were divided into control and treated groups. The treated groups were subjected to biofield energy treatment by Mr. Trivedi. Antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration values, biochemical reactions, and biotype numbers were analyzed and compared between control and treated groups. The results showed alterations in antimicrobial susceptibility for 14.28% of antibiotics tested, decreases in MIC values for 12.5% of antibiotics, and overall 45.45% negative biochemical reactions in treated isolates compared to controls. A change in biotype number was also reported for one
Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Sus...albertdivis
As biofield therapy is increasingly popular in biomedical heath care, so present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number of multidrug resistant strain of R. ornithinolytica.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a Gram-negative bacillus, an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistant strains are associated with very high rate of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control. The following parameters viz. susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical studies and biotype number of both control and treated samples were measured by MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The results showed an overall change of 37.5% in susceptibility pattern and 39.4% in biochemical study while 33.3% changes in MIC values of tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment. Further, the treated group of S. maltophilia has also shown a significant change in biochemical reactions followed by its biotype number as compared to control group. Biochemical reactions of treated group showed negative reaction to acetamide and positive reactions to colistin, glucose, adonitol, melibiose, arabinose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer as compared with control. The biofield treatment showed an alteration in MIC values of amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotetan, ticarcillin/K-clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Altogether, data suggest that biofield treatment has significant effect to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials and biotype number against multidrug resistant strain of S. maltophilia.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...albertdivis
The document discusses an evaluation of the effects of biofield treatment on the susceptibility pattern of multidrug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The key findings of the study are:
1) Biofield treatment led to changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and minimum inhibitory concentration values of several antimicrobials against S. maltophilia.
2) 37.5% of the tested antimicrobials showed changes in susceptibility patterns and 33.3% showed changes in MIC values after biofield treatment.
3) Biofield treatment also resulted in 39.4% changes in biochemical reactions of S. maltophilia and changed its biotype number leading to identification as Enterobacter aerogenes rather
Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Typi...rachelsalk
Pathogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), particularly the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, are mostly associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy in nosocomial infections. The present work was designed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae. The strain of K. pneumoniae bearing ATCC 15380 (American Type Culture Collection) was procured from the Bangalore Genei, in sealed pack and divided into control and treated groups. Treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Further, the effect of biofield treatment was also evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in order to determine their epidemiological relatedness and genetic characteristics of biofield treated K. pneumoniae samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility results showed an improve sensitivity (i.e. from intermediate to susceptible) of ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol, while altered sensitivity of cephalothin (i.e. from susceptible to intermediate) was also reported as compared to the control sample. The MIC value showed two-fold decrease in MIC value of ampicillin/sulbactam (i.e. 16/8 to ≤8/4 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (i.e. 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL) as compared to the control. The cephalothin showed two-folds change (i.e. ≤ 8 to 16 μg/mL) in the MIC value as compared with the control. Biofield treatment showed 9.09% alterations in biochemical reactions followed by a change in biotype number (7774 4272) in the treated group with respect to the control (7774 4274). Genetic fingerprinting was performed on control and treated samples using RAPD-PCR biomarkers, which showed an average range of 11 to 15% of polymorphism among the treated samples with respect to the control. These results suggested that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on K. pneumoniae.
The document discusses rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis. It provides an overview of conventional and newer diagnostic methods. Conventional methods like culture and drug susceptibility testing can take 8-12 weeks to identify resistance. Newer rapid phenotypic tests such as automated liquid cultures, thin layer agar cultures, TK medium and microscopic-observation drug susceptibility assay can reduce the time to 1-2 weeks but require specialized equipment. Molecular methods like real-time PCR and line probe assays that detect gene mutations associated with resistance have been commercialized and can provide results in 1-2 days, aiding early treatment decisions. Effective control of drug resistant tuberculosis will require scaling up rapid testing capacities and expanding use of novel molecular technologies.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristic of Pr...albertdivis
The Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on P. rettgeri against antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reaction pattern, biotype number, and 16S rDNA sequence.
Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on...albertdivis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype.
Biochemical Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureusdeeptimishra10
The specific biochemicals showed some changes against S. aureus after biofiel d treatment. In this study, overall 37.93% biochemical reactions were altered in tested twenty nine biochemicals with respect to control after biofield treatment.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotypi...albertdivis
The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping.
Mohit Vashishta is an Indian immunologist with expertise in tuberculosis and pneumococcal infections. He has a PhD from the University of Delhi and has published 5 papers with impact factors ranging from 2.7 to 4.573. His research focuses on regulating programmed death ligand-1 expression and understanding host-pathogen interactions during bacterial infections. He has over 8 years of experience in research and teaching and seeks to further his career in immunology.
Benzanthrone induced immunotoxicity via oxidative stressPrachi Tewari
The document summarizes a study on the immunotoxic effects of benzanthrone (BA) in mice. The key findings are:
1) BA exposed mice exhibited signs of systemic inflammation like enhanced delayed type hypersensitivity response and myeloperoxidase activity. Histopathological examination showed hyperplastic and dysplastic changes in spleen and lung tissues.
2) Exposure to BA led to oxidative stress, upregulation of inflammatory markers iNOS and COX-2, and DNA damage in spleen tissues.
3) Inflammatory and regulatory cytokine levels like IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-10 and IL-4 were significantly increased in serum and spleen tissues.
ABSTRACT- Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a widely distributed pest in South-East Asia, feeding on 63 plant species belonging to 22 families. It is a serious pest of soybean, pulses oilseeds, cotton and vegetables. In an outbreak phase, this insect can completely defoliate large area of crops causing reduction in yield. Heavy use of synthetic organic insecticides to control this pest resulted in the development of resistance against insecticides of different groups. Although a variety of agrochemicals are used for growing crops, little is known about their direct or indirect effects on nontarget organisms including insect pests. Therefore, alternative control measures have been searched out for this noxious pest. By adopting probable and advanced management practices this important pest can be managed. Key-words- Spodoptera litura, Bioassay, agrochemicals, Growth and development, Polyphagous pest
Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room AirBhoj Raj Singh
In the study, the effect of the Gayatri Mantra playing for 24 hr on microbial quality of air was examined in 12 rooms of scientists of the ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India willing to participate in the study and in 7 empty classroom/ examination hall lying vacant since March 2020 due to COVID-19. Of the empty rooms, 6 were used as the control for the first two days, then after a week, all rooms were also used to detect the effect of playing the Gayatri Mantra. A total of 31 bacterial species of medical importance were isolated and identified in the air of the rooms. After playing the Gayatri Mantra in Raag Bhairvi for 24 h bacterial count significantly decreased in rooms inhabited by vegetarian (OR 24, CI 95: 0.00-0.88; p, 0.036) than in rooms occupied by non-vegetarians. Rooms occupied by vegetarians. The effect of Gayatri Mantra in the empty room had no significant difference but bacterial count reduced. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarian increased significantly post Mantra playing. Bacterial counts of rooms occupied by non-vegetarians and empty rooms varied significantly (OR 18, p, 0.02, CI 95: 0.00 – 0.79). Empty rooms with and without mantra not varied significantly for the reduction of the bacterial count. Paenibacillus spp. was not detected in any of the 12 rooms occupied by the scientists/ staff but in 3 of the 7 empty rooms (p, 0.01) it was detected even without playing any mantra. It indicated that daily disturbance in the environment may be detrimental to the survival of Paenibacillus spp. After playing Mantra P. alvei, P. cookie, P. lautus were detected in 5 of the seven rooms occupied by Non-vegetarians, while P. pantothenicus continued to be present in three of the vacant rooms even after playing the Mantra. Paenibacillus spp. bacteria are known for their probiotic potential and its significance in the study is not clear. It seems that the Gayatri mantra has some enrichment effect on Paenibacillus spp. but a detrimental effect on other microbes.
This document discusses a study that investigated the antifungal and anti-mycelium activities of biogenic silver, copper, zinc oxide, and gold nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were tested against four fungal strains (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of silver, copper, and zinc oxide nanoparticles were determined to be ≤8 μg/ml for the non-spore forming fungi and ≤16 μg/ml for the spore forming fungi. Anti-mycelium effects were observed for A. niger and F. oxysporum, with silver nanoparticles showing the highest effect at 72.8%. The
This document summarizes several research studies on various antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. It discusses penicillin and its derivatives as immune response triggers. It also looks at hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics in children and methods of synthesis and molecular modeling of cephalosporins. Additional articles summarize the pH potential of antimicrobials under environmental and light factors, glycopeptides in clinical development, targeting the bacterial cell wall, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and dalbavancin origin and activity. Further articles address tigecycline, fluoroquinolones, tuberculosis treatment, rifaximin, shortening treatment for tuberculosis, polymyxin B sulfate, colistin, mechanisms of newer antibiotics
This is part of our project that aims to assess current state of anti-microbial resistance in Egypt with a specific focus on development of anti-parasitic drugs resistance in addition.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Yield, Quality and Control of Nematode in Car...wilhelm mendel
This document summarizes a study that tested the effects of biofield treatment on carrot crops. Carrot seeds were treated with biofield energy or a commercial nematicide (Vydate L) and planted. Crop measurements showed higher shoot growth for Vydate-treated crops but lower root galling severity (nematode damage) for biofield-treated crops. Biofield-treated crops yielded the greatest number and weight of marketable carrots, with a 33% higher total yield and 15% higher gross return than untreated or Vydate-treated crops. Vitamin A content was also significantly higher (a 32% increase) in biofield-treated carrots. The results suggest that biofield treatment can improve carrot yield, quality, and
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis cause severe disease of lungs known as Tuberculosis. It is a major cause
of morbidity and mortality even in the emerging countries also. However, to prepare an antibiotics drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major challenge
This document provides a detailed literature review for a research proposal on isolating and characterizing antibiotic-producing microorganisms from soil samples near industrial areas. The review covers soil microbial communities and interactions, common types of antibiotic-producing microbes found in soil like Actinomycetes and Bacillus species, methods for isolating pure cultures of microbes, and techniques for identifying isolated microbes and determining their antibiotic activity. The proposed research aims to screen soil samples for new antibiotics that could have applications in industry and medicine.
Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aer...rachelsalk
This document summarizes a study on the effects of biofield energy treatment on multidrug-resistant isolates of Enterobacter aerogenes. Two multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of E. aerogenes were divided into control and treated groups. The treated groups were subjected to biofield energy treatment by Mr. Trivedi. Antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration values, biochemical reactions, and biotype numbers were analyzed and compared between control and treated groups. The results showed alterations in antimicrobial susceptibility for 14.28% of antibiotics tested, decreases in MIC values for 12.5% of antibiotics, and overall 45.45% negative biochemical reactions in treated isolates compared to controls. A change in biotype number was also reported for one
Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Sus...albertdivis
As biofield therapy is increasingly popular in biomedical heath care, so present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number of multidrug resistant strain of R. ornithinolytica.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a Gram-negative bacillus, an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistant strains are associated with very high rate of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control. The following parameters viz. susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical studies and biotype number of both control and treated samples were measured by MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The results showed an overall change of 37.5% in susceptibility pattern and 39.4% in biochemical study while 33.3% changes in MIC values of tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment. Further, the treated group of S. maltophilia has also shown a significant change in biochemical reactions followed by its biotype number as compared to control group. Biochemical reactions of treated group showed negative reaction to acetamide and positive reactions to colistin, glucose, adonitol, melibiose, arabinose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer as compared with control. The biofield treatment showed an alteration in MIC values of amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotetan, ticarcillin/K-clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Altogether, data suggest that biofield treatment has significant effect to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials and biotype number against multidrug resistant strain of S. maltophilia.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...albertdivis
The document discusses an evaluation of the effects of biofield treatment on the susceptibility pattern of multidrug resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The key findings of the study are:
1) Biofield treatment led to changes in the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and minimum inhibitory concentration values of several antimicrobials against S. maltophilia.
2) 37.5% of the tested antimicrobials showed changes in susceptibility patterns and 33.3% showed changes in MIC values after biofield treatment.
3) Biofield treatment also resulted in 39.4% changes in biochemical reactions of S. maltophilia and changed its biotype number leading to identification as Enterobacter aerogenes rather
Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Typi...rachelsalk
Pathogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), particularly the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, are mostly associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy in nosocomial infections. The present work was designed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae. The strain of K. pneumoniae bearing ATCC 15380 (American Type Culture Collection) was procured from the Bangalore Genei, in sealed pack and divided into control and treated groups. Treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Further, the effect of biofield treatment was also evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in order to determine their epidemiological relatedness and genetic characteristics of biofield treated K. pneumoniae samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility results showed an improve sensitivity (i.e. from intermediate to susceptible) of ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol, while altered sensitivity of cephalothin (i.e. from susceptible to intermediate) was also reported as compared to the control sample. The MIC value showed two-fold decrease in MIC value of ampicillin/sulbactam (i.e. 16/8 to ≤8/4 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (i.e. 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL) as compared to the control. The cephalothin showed two-folds change (i.e. ≤ 8 to 16 μg/mL) in the MIC value as compared with the control. Biofield treatment showed 9.09% alterations in biochemical reactions followed by a change in biotype number (7774 4272) in the treated group with respect to the control (7774 4274). Genetic fingerprinting was performed on control and treated samples using RAPD-PCR biomarkers, which showed an average range of 11 to 15% of polymorphism among the treated samples with respect to the control. These results suggested that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on K. pneumoniae.
The document discusses rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis. It provides an overview of conventional and newer diagnostic methods. Conventional methods like culture and drug susceptibility testing can take 8-12 weeks to identify resistance. Newer rapid phenotypic tests such as automated liquid cultures, thin layer agar cultures, TK medium and microscopic-observation drug susceptibility assay can reduce the time to 1-2 weeks but require specialized equipment. Molecular methods like real-time PCR and line probe assays that detect gene mutations associated with resistance have been commercialized and can provide results in 1-2 days, aiding early treatment decisions. Effective control of drug resistant tuberculosis will require scaling up rapid testing capacities and expanding use of novel molecular technologies.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165). The study was performed into three groups i.e. C (control), T1 (treatment, revived), and T2 (treatment, lyophilized). Subsequently, groups T1 and T2 were received biofield treatment and control group was remained as untreated. Visit http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/43/ for details.
This document summarizes a study on multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis conducted in South Gujarat, India. A total of 90 samples were collected and analyzed using staining, culture and drug susceptibility testing. Of the 33 culture positive samples, 96.96% were M. tuberculosis and 3.04% were atypical mycobacteria. Drug susceptibility testing found that 39.39% of strains were multi-drug resistant, 6.06% were sensitive to all drugs tested, and 54.55% were resistant to one or more drugs other than the combination defining multi-drug resistance. The results indicate a prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in the study region.
Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An Impact of ...albertdivis
Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospitalacquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165).
Environmental Transmission of Antimicrobial ResistancePranab Chatterjee
This document discusses antibiotic resistance and the role of the environment in the transmission of resistant bacteria. It begins with an overview of antibiotic resistance and how easy it is to make bacteria resistant to penicillin in the laboratory. It then discusses how improper use of antibiotics can educate bacteria to become resistant and infect others. The document notes that any antibiotic use can lead to resistance and discusses some evolutionary advantages bacteria have over humans in developing drug resistance. It also presents a hypothetical case study of a MRSA outbreak in high school students and how one would investigate such an outbreak. Finally, it discusses major drivers of antibiotic resistance in the environment, including biocides, metals, and antibiotics themselves, as well as pathways by which resistance can spread environmentally through
Use of nanotechnology in antimicrobial R&D- Students Against (SAS) Superbugs ...JimmyNkaiwuatei
Uploaded date: September 17th, 2022
This was a presentation offered by Faith Zablon during an educational Workshop to Students Against Superbugs Africa on September 17th, 2022.
This presentation was uploaded on behalf of Students Against Superbugs Africa.
This document discusses tuberculosis (TB) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB. It provides background on TB transmission and epidemiology in India. The study aims to determine the prevalence of MDR and XDR TB in South Gujarat and examine the effect of herbal drug extracts like garlic on MDR and XDR strains. The methods discussed include sample collection, staining, culturing, identification tests, and drug susceptibility testing to characterize TB strains and determine drug resistance patterns.
Synergistic antibacterial effects of three edible plants extract against anti...Open Access Research Paper
In vitro synergistic antibacterial effects among Alocasia macrorrhizos rhizome, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius corm and Colocasia esculenta corm extracts were tested against six resistant bacteria viz., Yersinia enterocolitica, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difficile and Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition zone was compared with the commercially available antibiotic (tetracycline). High inhibitory activity was observed against E. coli (12.67±0.33 mm) and S. aureus (12.50±0.29 mm) for methanol extract at 800 mgml-1 of concentration. MIC and MBC of the extracts ranged from 200-580 mgml-1 and 250-650 mgml-1 respectively. The lowest MIC and MBC of the extracts were measured against E. coli.
Antibacterial Effect of Endophytic Actinomycetes from Marine Algae against Multi Drug Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria by Manoharan N in Examines in Marine Biology & Oceanography
This document discusses the case of a 77-year-old patient (MG) presenting with altered mental status and difficulty breathing who has a history of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR PA) infection. MG was initially treated with Zerbaxa for MDR PA but it was discontinued after 4 days. The patient's condition fluctuated with worsening infiltrates seen on imaging and they were ultimately discharged for hospice care due to declining status. The document provides background on MDR PA epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, treatment options including Zerbaxa and Avycaz, and risks of PA colonization.
This document discusses antibiotic resistance genes found in natural environments. It begins by reviewing the early discoveries of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. It then discusses how antibiotic resistance genes are often found in environmental bacteria and can spread between species through horizontal gene transfer, especially on mobile genetic elements like plasmids. The overuse of antibiotics in agriculture, aquaculture and livestock has contributed to the increased presence of these genes in natural ecosystems. Understanding the distribution and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in nature is important for evaluating antibiotic usage and policies.
This document reviews 25 patents published between 2012-2015 describing novel oxazolidinone derivatives with antibacterial activity. Several patents disclose biaryl oxazolidinone derivatives containing heterocyclic groups that show potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria superior to linezolid. Some derivatives were also active against selected Gram-negative strains. Limited in vivo data was presented to confirm the potential clinical effectiveness or safety of the reported compounds.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline: An Impact...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment for spectroscopic characterization of chloramphenicol and tetracycline using FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.Methods: The study was performed in two groups (control and treatment) of each antibiotic. The control groups remained as untreated, and biofield treatment was given to treatment groups.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline: An Impact...albertdivis
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment for spectroscopic characterization of chloramphenicol and tetracycline using FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Similar to Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia marcescens after Biofield Treatment (20)
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties of Bro...albertdivis
Bronze, a copper-tin alloy, widely utilizing in manufacturing of gears, bearing, and packing technologies due to its versatile physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on physical and structural properties of bronze powder.
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Characteristics of...albertdivis
Barium oxide (BaO) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) are well known for their applications in electrical, optical and chemical industries. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on the structural and physical properties of BaO and ZnS powder.
Physical and Structural Characterization of Biofield Treated Imidazole Deriva...albertdivis
The Aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on two imidazole derivatives (i.e., imidazole and 2-methylimidazole) by various analytical methods.
Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield Tre...albertdivis
The objective of the present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole.
Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichloroben...albertdivis
This research article studied the effects of biofield treatment on para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB). p-DCB is widely used as a chemical intermediate but has some limitations. X-ray diffraction analysis found an increase in crystallite size of the treated sample compared to the control. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed a reduction in the latent heat of fusion and melting point of the treated p-DCB. Thermogravimetric analysis found an increase in the maximum weight loss temperature of the treated sample, indicating increased thermal stability. However, UV-visible spectroscopy found no changes in the structural properties of the treated p-DCB. Overall, the study found that biofield treatment
Antibiogram Typing and Biochemical Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae ...albertdivis
The Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on four MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of K. pneumoniae (LS 2, LS 6, LS 7, and LS 14).
Spectroscopic Characterization of Disodium Hydrogen Orthophosphate and Sodium...albertdivis
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate is a water soluble white powder widely used as pH regulator and saline laxative. The sodium nitrate is a highly water soluble white solid, used in high blood pressure, dentinal hypersensitivity, and production of fertilizers. The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate and sodium nitrate.
Fourier Transform Infrared and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopic Characteriza...albertdivis
Ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride are the white crystalline solid inorganic compounds having wide application in synthesis and analytical chemistry. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of inorganic salt like ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Aluminium Carbide P...albertdivis
Aluminium carbide (Al4C3) has gained extensive attention due to its abrasive and creep resistance properties. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical and structural properties of Al4C3 powder.
Structural and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Thymol and Mentholalbertdivis
Thymol and menthol are naturally occurring plant derived compounds, which have excellent pharmaceutical and antimicrobial applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy on physical and structural characteristics of thymol and menthol.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Metronidazole and Tinidazolealbertdivis
Metronidazole and tinidazole are widely used antimicrobial drugs against Gram-negative and Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on metronidazole and tinidazole using FT-IR and UV spectroscopy.
Potential Impact of BioField Treatment on Atomic and Physical Characteristics...albertdivis
Magnesium (Mg), present in every cell of all living organisms, is an essential nutrient and primarily responsible for catalytic reaction of over 300 enzymes. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on atomic and physical properties of magnesium powder.
Biofield Treatment: A Potential Strategy for Modification of Physical and The...albertdivis
Indole compounds are important class of therapeutic molecules, which have excellent pharmaceutical applications. The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of indole.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...albertdivis
Brass, a copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy has gained extensive attention in industries due to its high corrosion resistance, machinability and strength to weight ratio. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder.
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (...albertdivis
Chromium (VI) oxide (CrO3) has gained extensive attention due to its versatile physical and chemical properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder.
Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Pe...albertdivis
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Thermal, Physical and Structural Prope...albertdivis
Cadmium is widely utilized in nickel-cadmium batteries, stabilizers, and coating applications due to its versatile physico-chemical properties. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on atomic, thermal, and physical properties of cadmium powder.
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properti...albertdivis
Boron nitride (BN) is known for high hardness, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and catalytic action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, structural and spectral properties of BN powder.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selectionCarl Bergstrom
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
ESA/ACT Science Coffee: Diego Blas - Gravitational wave detection with orbita...Advanced-Concepts-Team
Presentation in the Science Coffee of the Advanced Concepts Team of the European Space Agency on the 07.06.2024.
Speaker: Diego Blas (IFAE/ICREA)
Title: Gravitational wave detection with orbital motion of Moon and artificial
Abstract:
In this talk I will describe some recent ideas to find gravitational waves from supermassive black holes or of primordial origin by studying their secular effect on the orbital motion of the Moon or satellites that are laser ranged.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
2. biochemical reactions. We also explored the genotyping of this
organism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methodologies
of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 16S rDNA
sequencing techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first
report that explores the impact of biofield treatment on S. marcescens.
Materials and Methods
Two vials of S. marcescens [American Type Culture Collection
(ATCC) 13880] were procured from MicroBioLogics, Inc., USA, in
sealed packs, and stored as per the recommended storage conditions
until further use. The anti-microbial susceptibility, biochemical
reactions, and biotype number were evaluated on MicroScan Walk-
Away® (Dade Behring Inc., West Sacramento, CA) using Negative
Breakpoint Combo 30 (NBPC30). DNA Fingerprinting by RAPD
analysis (using Ultrapure Genomic DNA Prep Kit; Cat KT 83) and the
16S rDNA sequencing studies were carried out using Ultrapure
Genomic DNA Prep Kit; Cat KT 83 (Bangalore Genei, India). All the
tested antimicrobials, biochemicals and other reagents were procured
from Sigma-Aldrich.
Study design
The microorganisms were grouped as per study design like bacterial
cell were divided in to three groups G1 (control), G2 (treatment,
revived), and G3 (treatment, lyophilized). The treatment groups (G1
and G2) were in sealed pack and handed over to Mr. Trivedi for
biofield treatment under laboratory condition. Mr. Trivedi provided
the treatment through his energy transmission process to the treated
groups without touching the samples. After that, G2 group was
assessed for antimicrobial susceptibility and biochemical reactions on
5th and 10th day of incubation; and G3 group was assessed on 10th day
of treatment. The treated groups were compared with respect to
control.
Investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of S. marcescens
Antimicrobial susceptibility of S. marcescens was investigated with
the help of automated instrument, MicroScan Walk-Away® using
Negative Breakpoint Combo 30 (NBPC30) panel as per the
manufacturer’s instructions [25]. Briefly, after inoculation and
rehydration with a standardized suspension of S. marcescens, were
incubated at 35°C for 16 h. The minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) and a qualitative susceptibility like susceptible (S), intermediate
(I), inducible β-lactamases (IB), and resistant (R) were determined by
observing the lowest antimicrobial concentration showing growth
inhibition [26]. In the present study, the following 29 antimicrobials
were used like amikacin, amoxicillin/k-clavulanate, ampicillin/
sulbactam, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotaxime,
cefotetan, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cephalothin,
chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem,
levofloxacin, meropenem, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin,
piperacillin, tazobactam, ticarcillin, tobramycin, and vancomycin.
Biochemical studies
The biochemical studies of S. marcescens were determined by
MicroScan Walk-Away® where, interpretation of biochemical reactions
for microbial identification of Gram-negative organisms resulted in
high accuracy [27,28]. In this study, the following 31 biochemicals
were used like acetamide, adonitol, arabinose, arginine, cetrimide,
cephalothin, citrate, colistin, esculin hydrolysis, nitrofurantoin,
glucose, hydrogen sulfide, indole, inositol, kanamycin, lysine,
malonate, melibiose, nitrate, oxidation, galactosidase, ornithine,
oxidase, raffinose, rhamnose, sorbitol, sucrose, tartrate, tobramycin,
urea, and Voges-Proskauer.
Biotype number
The biotype number of S. marcescens was determined by MicroScan
Walk-Away® processed panel data utilizing biochemical reactions data
[25].
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis
Three inoculums (one for control and other two for treatment
named as treatment A and B) were prepared of S. marcescens samples.
Two inoculums (treatment samples A and B) were subjected to Mr.
Trivedi's biofield treatment. After that, the treated samples were sub-
cultured by taking 1% inoculum and inoculated to fresh 5 mL medium
and labeled as treatment A-1 and treatment B-1, respectively. All
samples were incubated at 37°C with 160 rpm for 18 h. Subsequently,
the cultures were spun down, and genomic DNA was isolated for
control and treated samples using Genomic DNA Prep Kit (Bangalore
Genei, India). RAPD was performed with all samples of S. marcescens
using five RAPD primers, which were labelled as RBA8A, RBA13A,
RBA20A, RBA10A and RBA15A. The PCR mixture contained 2.5 µL
each of buffer, 4.0 mM each of dNTP, 2.5 μM each of primer, 5.0 μL
each of genomic DNA, 2 U each of Taq polymerase, 1.5 μL of MgCl2
and 9.5 μL of water in a total of 25 μL with the following PCR
amplification protocol; initial denaturation at 94°C for 7 min, followed
by 8 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 1 min, annealing at 35°C for 1
min, and extension at 72°C for 2 min; and 35 cycle of denaturation at
94°C for 1 min, annealing at 38°C for 1 min, and extension at 72°C for
1.5 min; and the final extension at 72°C for 7 min. Amplified PCR
products from all samples (control and treated) were separated on 1.5
% agarose gels at 75 volts, stained with ethidium bromide and
visualized under UV illumination.
Amplification and gene sequencing of 16S rDNA
Genomic DNA was isolated from S. marcescens cells by using
genomic purification Kit, according to the instructions of
manufacturer. 16S rDNA gene (~1.5 kb) was amplified by universal
primers; forward primer (5ˊ-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3ˊ) and
reverse primer (3ˊ-ACGGTCATACCTTGTTACGACTT-5ˊ).
Amplified products were subjected to electrophoresis in 1.0% agarose
gel, stained with ethidium bromide and visualized under UV light in a
gel documentation unit (BioRad Laboratories, USA). The PCR
amplified fragment was purified from the agarose gel using a DNA Gel
Extraction Kit. Sequencing of amplified product was done on
commercial basis from Bangalore Genei, India. The 16S rDNA
sequences obtained were aligned and compared with the sequences
stored in Gene Bank data base available from National Center for
Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using the algorithm BLASTn
program. Multiple sequence alignment/phylogenetic tree were
established using MEGA3.1 molecular software [29].
Results
Assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility
The effect of biofield treatment on S. marcescens to susceptibility
pattern and MIC of selected antimicrobials are summarized in Tables 1
Citation: Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia
marcescens after Biofield Treatment. J Mol Genet Med 9: 179. doi:10.4172/1747-0862.1000179
Page 2 of 7
J Mol Genet Med
ISSN:1747-0862 JMGM, an open access journal
Volume 9 • Issue 3 • 1000179
3. and 2, respectively. The data were analyzed and compared with respect
to control. The treated cells of S. marcescens showed an alteration of
10.34% and 34.48% in G2 and G3 group on 10th day, respectively of
antimicrobials susceptibility among all tested antimicrobials as
compared to control. Studying the effect of biofield treatment in the
antibiogram of S. marcescens, revealed that the amikacin and
tobramycin were converted from resistance to susceptible on 10th day
of G3 group as compared to control. Aztreonam, cefotetan,
ceftazidime, cefuroxime and chloramphenicol were converted from
resistance to intermediate on 10th day of biofield treatment of G3
group as compared to control. The cefepime and cefotaxime were
converted from resistance to intermediate on 10th day of G2 treated
cells and complete susceptibility was observed for gentamycin and
cefepime on 10th day of G3 treated cells as compared to control (Table
1). It was also observed that there was reduced activity of inducible β-
lactamase of aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefotetan, ceftazidime, and
ceftriaxone antimicrobials. The MIC values of amikacin, aztreonam,
cefepime, cefotetan, ceftazidime, gentamicin and tobramycin were
decreased about two-folds; whereas about four-folds decrease in MIC
values of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone on 10th day of G2 treated cells as
compared to control (Table 2).
S.
No.
Antimicrobial
Control G2 G3
10th
day
G1
5th
day
10th
day
1 Amikacin R R R S
2 Amoxicillin/K-clavulanate R R R R
3 Ampicillin/Sulbactam R R R R
4 Ampicillin R R R R
5 Aztreonam R R R IB
6 Cefazolin R R R R
7 Cefepime R R I S
8 Cefotaxime R R I IB
9 Cefotetan R R R IB
10 Cefoxitin R R R R
11 Ceftazidime R R R IB
12 Cefuroxime R R R R
13 Ceftriaxone I I IB IB
14 Cephalothin R R R R
15 Chloramphenicol R R R I
16 Ciprofloxacin S S S S
17 Gatifloxacin S S S S
18 Gentamicin R R R S
19 Imipenem S S S S
20 Levofloxacin S S S S
21 Meropenem S S S S
22 Moxifloxacin S S S S
23 Nitrofurantoin R R R R
24 Norfloxacin S S S S
25 Piperacillin IB IB IB IB
26 Tazobactam IB IB IB IB
27 Ticarcillin IB IB IB IB
28 Tobramycin R R R S
29 Vancomycin S S S S
G stands for group; I: intermediate; S: susceptible; R: resistant; IB: inducible β-
lactamase.
Table 1: Effect of biofield treatment on S. marcescens to susceptibility
pattern of selected antimicrobials.
S. No. Antimicrobial
Control G2 G3
G1 5th day 10th day 10th day
1 Amikacin >32 >32 >32 ≤16
2
Amoxicillin/K-
clavulanate
≥16/8 ≥16/8 ≥16/8 ≥16/8
3
Ampicillin/
Sulbactam
≥16/8 ≥16/8 ≥16/8 ≥16/8
4 Ampicillin ≥16 ≥16 ≥16 ≥16
5 Aztreonam >16 >16 >16 ≤8
6 Cefazolin ≥16 ≥16 ≥16 ≥16
7 Cefepime >16 >16 16 ≤8
8 Cefotaxime >32 >32 32 ≤8
9 Cefotetan >32 >32 >32 ≤16
10 Cefoxitin ≥16 ≥16 ≥16 ≥16
11 Ceftazidime >16 >16 >16 ≤8
12 Cefuroxime >16 >16 >16 >16
13 Ceftriaxone 32 32 ≤8 ≤8
14 Cephalothin ≥16 ≥16 ≥16 ≥16
15 Chloramphenicol >16 >16 >16 16
16 Ciprofloxacin ≤1 ≤1 ≤1 ≤1
17 Gatifloxacin ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2
18 Gentamicin >8 >8 >8 ≤4
19 Imipenem ≤4 ≤4 ≤4 ≤4
20 Levofloxacin ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2
21 Meropenem ≤4 ≤4 ≤4 ≤4
22 Moxifloxacin ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2
23 Nitrofurantoin ≥64 ≥64 ≥64 ≥64
Citation: Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia
marcescens after Biofield Treatment. J Mol Genet Med 9: 179. doi:10.4172/1747-0862.1000179
Page 3 of 7
J Mol Genet Med
ISSN:1747-0862 JMGM, an open access journal
Volume 9 • Issue 3 • 1000179
4. 24 Norfloxacin ≤4 ≤4 ≤4 ≤4
25 Piperacillin ≤16 ≤16 ≤16 ≤16
26 Tazobactam ≤16 ≤16 ≤16 ≤16
27 Ticarcillin ≤16 ≤16 ≤16 ≤16
28 Tobramycin >8 >8 >8 ≤4
29 Vancomycin ≤2 ≤2 ≤2 ≤2
G stands for group; MIC data are presented in µg/mL.
Table 2: Effect of biofield treatment on S. marcescens to MIC of
selected antimicrobials.
Organism identification by biochemical reactions
The biochemical reactions of S. marcescens are presented in Table 3.
In the present study, acetamide, cetrimide, indole, inositol, and oxidase
biochemical reactions of control and treated cells of S. marcescens
showed negative biochemical reactions.
S. No. Code Biochemical
Control G2 G3
10
th
day
G1 5th day
10th
day
1 ACE Acetamide - - - -
2 ADO Adonitol + + + +
3 ARA Arabinose + + + -
4 ARG Arginine + + - -
5 CET Cetrimide - - - -
6 CF8 Cephalothin + + + +
7 CIT Citrate + + + +
8 CL4 Colistin + + + +
9 ESC
Esculin
hydrolysis
+ + + +
10 FD64 Nitrofurantoin + + + +
11 GLU Glucose + + + +
12 H2S
Hydrogen
sulfide
+ + + -
13 IND Indole - - - -
14 INO Inositol - - - -
15 K4 Kanamycin + + + -
16 LYS Lysine + + + +
17 MAL Malonate + + + -
18 MEL Melibiose + + + -
19 NIT Nitrate + + + +
20 OF/G Oxidation + + + +
21 ONPG Galactosidase + + + +
22 ORN Ornithine + + + +
23 OXI Oxidase - - - -
24 RAF Raffinose + + + -
25 RHA Rhamnose + + + -
26 SOR Sorbitol + + + +
27 SUC Sucrose + + + +
28 TAR Tartrate - + + -
29 TO4 Tobramycin + + + -
30 URE Urea + + + -
31 VP
Voges-
Proskauer
+ + + +
G stands for group; - (negative); + (positive).
Table 3: Effect of biofield treatment on S. marcescens to biochemical
reactions.
Twenty-four of thirty-one biochemical reactions were showed
positive reaction for control and two treatment groups. Arginine
reaction of treated G2 cells on 10th day was negative and tartrate
reaction was positive for the treatment G2 cells on both 5th and 10th
day as compared to control. Ten out of thirty one biochemical
reactions (32.25 %) of treated cells in G3 were converted from positive
to negative reaction, and tartrate biochemical reaction was remain
unchanged as negative as compared to control (Table 3).
Organism identification by biotype number
The biotype number of S. marcescens was determined by MicroScan
Walk-Away® processed panel, using biochemical reactions data. There
was no change in biotype number observed in treated G2 cells on 5th
day of incubation. However, the significant changes in the biotype
number of S. marcescens were observed in G2 and G3 on 10th day of
incubation as compared to control (Table 4).
Feature
Control G2 G3
10th dayG1 5th day 10th day
Biotype
Number
7736 7376 7736 7376 7736 5376 7020 5356
Organism
Identification
Name
S.
marcescens
S.
marcescens
S.
marcescens
S.
marcescens
G stands for group.
Table 4: Effect of biofield treatment on S. marcescens to biotype
number.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis
The DNA polymorphic photograph is shown in Figure 1, and the
polymorphic bands are marked by arrows.
Citation: Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia
marcescens after Biofield Treatment. J Mol Genet Med 9: 179. doi:10.4172/1747-0862.1000179
Page 4 of 7
J Mol Genet Med
ISSN:1747-0862 JMGM, an open access journal
Volume 9 • Issue 3 • 1000179
5. The percentage of polymorphism was calculated using following
equation:
Percent polymorphism=A/B×100;
Where, A=number of polymorphic bands in treated sample; and
B=number of polymorphic bands in control.
The results of DNA polymorphic patterns are shown in Tables 5 and
6. The level of polymorphism was found about an average range of
16-49.2% of polymorphism in treated samples as compared to control
in S. marcescens.
Figure 1: Random amplified polymorphic-DNA fragment patterns
of S. marcescens generated using five RAPD primers, RBA 8A, RBA
13A, RBA 20A, RBA 10A and RBA 15A. 1, Control; 2, Treated A; 3,
Treated A-1; 4, Treated B; 5, Treated B-1; M: 100 bp DNA Ladder.
S.
No.
Prim
er
Nucleot
ide
sequen
ce
(5’-3’)
Band
scores
Commo
n bands
in
control
and
treated
Unique band
Con
trol
TSA
TSA-
1
TSB
TSB
-1
1
RBA
8A
GTTTC
GCTCC
17 5 2 4 3 3 0
2
RBA
13A
GTGGA
TCCGA
14 8 1 2 1 1 1
3
RBA
20A
GCGAT
CCCCA
8 7 1 0 0 0 0
4
RBA
10A
CCGCA
GCCAA
17 5 1 3 3 2 3
5
RBA
15A
AAGAG
CCCGT
15 9 1 2 1 2 0
TSA: treated sample A; TSA-1: treated sample A-1; TSB: treated sample B;
TSB-1: treated sample B-1.
Table 5: DNA polymorphism analyzed by random amplified
polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis.
Primer
C
and
TSA
C and
TSA-1
C
and
TSB
C
and
TSB
-1
TSA
and
TSA-
1
TSB
and
TSB-
1
TSA
and
TSB
TSA-1
and
TSB-1
RBA 8A 90% 50% 70% 20% 66% 38% 20% 30%
RBA 13A 40% 30% 40% 20% 45% 40% 0.0% 10%
RBA 20A 10% 0.0% 10% 0.0% 41% 10% 0.0% 0.0%
RBA 10A 46% 53% 30% 30% 58% 44% 16% 23%
RBA 15A 60% 20% 50% 10% 50% 28% 10% 10%
Average
polymorphism
49.2
%
30.6% 40% 16% 52% 32% 9.2% 14.6%
C: control; TSA: treated sample A; TSA-1: treated sample A-1; TSB: treated
sample B; TSB-1: treated sample B-1
Table 6: Level of polymorphism between control and treated samples.
16S rDNA genotyping
The 16S rDNA sequence was determined in S. marcescens. The
alignment and comparison of the gene sequences were performed with
the sequences stored in Gene Bank database available from NCBI
using the algorithm BLASTn program. The nearest homolog genus-
species of S. marcescens was found to be P. fluorescens (Accession No.
DQ439976). Some other close homologs of S. marcescens were can be
found from the alignment as shown in Table 7.
Alignment view ID Alignment
result
Sequence description
8A 0.96 Sample studied
EU233
275
0.96 Serratia marcescens strain RJT
AB061
685
0.98 Serratia marcescens
EF208
030
0.97 Serratia marcescens strain A3
EF194
094
0.97 Serratia marcescens strain
H3010
DQ439
976
0.98 Pseudomonas fluorescens strain
ost5
AB091
837
0.98 Pseudomonas fluorescens
EU036
987
0.97 Serratia nematodiphila strain
DZ0503SBS1
EF627
046
0.97 Serratia marcescens strain
cocoon-1
AJ233
431
1 Serratia marcescens (strain DSM
30121)
DQ417
332
0.96 Serratia marcescens strain 6CW
Table 7: The closest sequences of S. marcescens from sequence
alignment using NCBI GenBank and ribosomal database project
(RDP).
The distance matrix based on nucleotide sequence homology data
are presented in Figure 2. Based on nucleotides homology and
phylogenetic analysis the microbe (Sample 8A) was detected to be S.
marcescens (GenBank Accession Number: EU233275). Phylogenetic
Citation: Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia
marcescens after Biofield Treatment. J Mol Genet Med 9: 179. doi:10.4172/1747-0862.1000179
Page 5 of 7
J Mol Genet Med
ISSN:1747-0862 JMGM, an open access journal
Volume 9 • Issue 3 • 1000179
6. tree was established using BLAST-Webpage (NCBI). According to
Figure 2, ten different related bacterial species and S. marcescens were
selected as Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in order to
investigate the phylogenetic relationship of S. marcescens among other
ten other bacterial species. There were 1506 base nucleotides of 16S
rDNA gene sequences were analyzed and multiple alignment were
constructed using ClustalW in MEGA3.1. The numbers of base
substitutions per site from pairwise distance analysis between
sequences are shown in Table 7. All results are based on the pairwise
analysis of 11 sequences. According to the data in Figure 2, the lowest
value of genetic distance from S. marcescens was 0.000 base
substitutions per site. All pairwise distance analysis was carried out
using the p-distance method in MEGA3.1. The proportion of
remarked distance, sometimes also called p-distance and showed as the
number of nucleotide distances site. Values in Table 7 were
programmed into Figure 2 with optimal bootstrap consensus tree. In
the phylogram, there were eleven OTUs. Based on the phylogenetic
tree and 16S rDNA sequencing, the nearest homolog genus-species of
S. marcescens was found to be P. fluorescens (Figure 3).
Figure 2: Distance matrix based on nucleotide sequence homology.
All results are based on the pair wise analysis of 11 sequences.
Analysis was conducted using the p-distance method in MEGA3.1.
Figure 3: Phylogenetic relationship between S. marcescens and
other bacteria in same genera based on 16S rDNA sequences.
Discussion
The increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance is getting more
global attention. Antibiotic multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
pose a risk to public health [30]. Extended spectrum β-lactam
antibiotics have been extensively used for treatment of severe Gram-
negative infections since four decades. Although, bacterial resistance
has emerged rapidly due to the production of ESBLs [31].
Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBL are emerging as a threatening
cause of both hospital and community acquired infection, as they are
often resistant to standard antimicrobial choices [32,33]. It is generally
thought that patients infected by an ESBL-producing organism are at
an increased risk of treatment failure [34]. Recently, an increasing
percentage of ESBL-producing S. marcescens has been detected
worldwide with a significant impact on the clinical course of disease.
ESBL are enzymes produced by some S. marcescens species that
inactivate many antimicrobials such as penicillins, expanded spectrum
cephalosporins, monobactams including older β-lactam antimicrobial
agents and are inhibited by clavulanic acids, imipenem, sulbactam or
monobactam [35,36].
In the present work, we investigated the impact of biofield treatment
on S. marcescens and evaluated the antimicrobials susceptibility
pattern, biochemical reactions, biotype number, and DNA
polymorphism of this microbe. The treated cells of S. marcescens
showed an alteration in susceptibility of 10.34% and 34.48%
antimicrobials of G2 and G3 group on 10th day, respectively, as
compared to control (Table 1). A significant change was found for a
few antimicrobials to their antimicrobial susceptibility from resistant
to intermediate and resistant to susceptible at 10th day of treated G2
and G3 group, respectively (Table 1). MIC values of about 10.34% and
34.48% antimicrobials were decreased in G2 and G3 group,
respectively on 10th day (Table 2). Studying the effect of biofield
treatment in the antibiogram of S. marcescens revealed that the
amikacin converted from resistance to susceptible on 10th day of G2
cells as compared to control. The MIC values of some antimicrobials
such as cefotetan, ceftazidime, gentamicin, and tobramycin were
decreased by about two-folds in treated G2 on 10th day and four-folds
decrease were observed for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone at 10th day of
treated G3 (Table 2). The S. marcescens also showed the substantial
changes in biochemical reactions pattern towards a few biochemicals
on 10th day of treated G3 group as mentioned in Table 3. The
alterations in biochemical reactions pattern were further supported by
the determination of biotype number of S. marcescens, which was
changed from 7736 7376 (control) to 7736 5376 and 7020 5356 for
treated G2 and G3 on 10th day, respectively (Table 4). DNA
fingerprinting by RAPD analysis using five primers was carried out on
control and treated samples. DNA profiles were compared within and
across control and treated groups. The RAPD data showed an average
range of 16-49.2% of polymorphism in treated samples as compared to
control, indicated polymorphism occurred in treated groups. The
highest change in DNA sequence was observed in treated groups with
RBA 8A primer as compared to control; a negligible change was found
in treated group with RBA 20A primer as compared to control.
BLASTn analysis revealed studied sample (8A) gene sequence shared
99% identity to the sequence of S. marcescens. The phylogenetic tree
diagram predicted the closest species of S. marcescens was found to be
as P. fluorescens (Figure 3). Based on these results, it is expected that
biofield treatment has the scope to be a cost effective and alternative
approach than the existing antimicrobial therapy in near future.
Conclusion
The results suggest that there has an impact of biofield treatment on
antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions, and DNA
polymorphism of S. marcescens. These changes were found in the
organism may be due to alteration happened at the genetic and/or
Citation: Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia
marcescens after Biofield Treatment. J Mol Genet Med 9: 179. doi:10.4172/1747-0862.1000179
Page 6 of 7
J Mol Genet Med
ISSN:1747-0862 JMGM, an open access journal
Volume 9 • Issue 3 • 1000179
7. enzymatic level after biofield treatment. Therefore, biofield treatment
could be applied to improve the sensitivity of antimicrobials against
microbial resistance.
Acknowledgement
Authors gratefully acknowledged the whole team of PD Hinduja
National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Microbiology Lab for their
support. We would also like to thank Trivedi Science™, Trivedi Master
Wellness™ and Trivedi Testimonials for their consistent support during
the work.
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Citation: Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Bairwa K, Jana S (2015) Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia
marcescens after Biofield Treatment. J Mol Genet Med 9: 179. doi:10.4172/1747-0862.1000179
Page 7 of 7
J Mol Genet Med
ISSN:1747-0862 JMGM, an open access journal
Volume 9 • Issue 3 • 1000179