Bronze, a copper-tin alloy, widely utilizing in manufacturing of gears, bearing, and packing technologies due to its versatile physical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on physical and structural properties of bronze powder.
Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene | Omicsonlinedeeptimishra10
The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-dichlorobenzene.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder. The brass powder sample was divided into two parts: control and treated.
Preparation and characterization of Sr-Ti-hardystonite (Sr-Ti-HT) nanocomposi...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Hardystonite (HT) is Zn-modified silicate bioceramics with promising results for bone tissue regeneration. However, HT possesses no obvious apatite formation. Thus, in this study we incorporated Sr and Ti into HT to prepare Sr-Ti-hardystonite (Sr-Ti-HT) nanocomposite and evaluated its in vitro bioactivity with the purpose of developing a more bioactive bone substitute material.
Materials and methods:
The HT and Sr-Ti-HT were prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent heat treatment. Calcium oxide (CaO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) (all from Merck) were mixed with molar ratio of 2:1:2. The mixture of powders mixture was then milled in a planetary ball mill for 20 h. In the milling run, the ball-to-powder weight ratio was 10:1 and the rotational speed was 200 rpm. After synthesis of HT, 3% nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2, Degussa) and 3% strontium carbonate (SrCO3, Merck) were added to HT and then the mixture was ball milled and calcined at 1150°C for 6 h. Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) performed to characterize the powders.
Results:
XRD and FT-IR confirmed the crystal phase and silicate structure of HT and TEM images demonstrated the nanostructure of powders. Further, Sr-Ti-HT induced apatite formation and showed a higher human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) adhesion and proliferation compared to HT.
Conclusion:
Our study revealed that Sr-Ti-HT with a nanostructured crystal structure of 50 nm, can be prepared by mechanical activation to use as biomaterials for orthopedic applications.
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Chromium (VI) oxide (CrO3) has gained extensive attention due to its versatile physical and chemical properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder. In this study, CrO3 powder was divided into two parts i.e. control and treatment. Control part was remained as untreated and treated part received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently, control and treated CrO3 samples were characterized using Thermo gravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). DTA showed that the melting point of treated CrO3 was increased upto 212.65°C (T3) as compared to 201.43°C in control. In addition, the latent heat of fusion was reduced upto 51.70% in treated CrO3 as compared to control. TGA showed the maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) around 330°C, was increased upto 340.12°C in treated CrO3 sample. XRD data revealed that lattice parameter and unit cell volume of treated CrO3 samples were reduced by 0.25 and 0.92% respectively, whereas density was increased by 0.93% in treated CrO3 sample as compared to control. The crystallite size of treated CrO3 was increased from 46.77 nm (control) to 60.13 nm after biofield treatment. FT-IR spectra showed the absorption peaks corresponding to Cr=O at 906 and 944 cm-1 in control, which were increased to 919 and 949 cm¬1 in treated CrO3 after biofield treatment. Overall, these results suggest that biofield treatment has substantially altered the physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Aluminium Carbide P...albertdivis
Aluminium carbide (Al4C3) has gained extensive attention due to its abrasive and creep resistance properties. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical and structural properties of Al4C3 powder.
A Research Article on Synthesis of Metal Nano Particles by Chemical Reduction...ijtsrd
Nanotechnology is an experimental and engineering technology manipulate at the nanoscale, such as in the field of different compound fabric synthesizing, food processing agriculture processing and as well as in medicinal application. Due to their physical and chemical applications the metal nanoparticles have a great interest in research. A variety of physical, chemical and biological method that can be used for the synthesis of the metal nanoparticle. All the methods have positive advantages as well as some obstruction. In this following review we try to explain recent research on the synthesis and various application of metal nanoparticle. We summarized the different chemical reduction method and briefly explain their application. Vijay Aithekar | Dr. Sangeeta Gautam "A Research Article on Synthesis of Metal Nano Particles by Chemical Reduction Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26371.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/nanotechnology/26371/a-research-article-on-synthesis-of-metal-nano-particles-by-chemical-reduction-method/vijay-aithekar
Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene | Omicsonlinedeeptimishra10
The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-dichlorobenzene.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder. The brass powder sample was divided into two parts: control and treated.
Preparation and characterization of Sr-Ti-hardystonite (Sr-Ti-HT) nanocomposi...Nanomedicine Journal (NMJ)
Abstract
Objective(s):
Hardystonite (HT) is Zn-modified silicate bioceramics with promising results for bone tissue regeneration. However, HT possesses no obvious apatite formation. Thus, in this study we incorporated Sr and Ti into HT to prepare Sr-Ti-hardystonite (Sr-Ti-HT) nanocomposite and evaluated its in vitro bioactivity with the purpose of developing a more bioactive bone substitute material.
Materials and methods:
The HT and Sr-Ti-HT were prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent heat treatment. Calcium oxide (CaO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) (all from Merck) were mixed with molar ratio of 2:1:2. The mixture of powders mixture was then milled in a planetary ball mill for 20 h. In the milling run, the ball-to-powder weight ratio was 10:1 and the rotational speed was 200 rpm. After synthesis of HT, 3% nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2, Degussa) and 3% strontium carbonate (SrCO3, Merck) were added to HT and then the mixture was ball milled and calcined at 1150°C for 6 h. Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) performed to characterize the powders.
Results:
XRD and FT-IR confirmed the crystal phase and silicate structure of HT and TEM images demonstrated the nanostructure of powders. Further, Sr-Ti-HT induced apatite formation and showed a higher human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSCs) adhesion and proliferation compared to HT.
Conclusion:
Our study revealed that Sr-Ti-HT with a nanostructured crystal structure of 50 nm, can be prepared by mechanical activation to use as biomaterials for orthopedic applications.
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Chromium (VI) oxide (CrO3) has gained extensive attention due to its versatile physical and chemical properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder. In this study, CrO3 powder was divided into two parts i.e. control and treatment. Control part was remained as untreated and treated part received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently, control and treated CrO3 samples were characterized using Thermo gravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). DTA showed that the melting point of treated CrO3 was increased upto 212.65°C (T3) as compared to 201.43°C in control. In addition, the latent heat of fusion was reduced upto 51.70% in treated CrO3 as compared to control. TGA showed the maximum thermal decomposition temperature (Tmax) around 330°C, was increased upto 340.12°C in treated CrO3 sample. XRD data revealed that lattice parameter and unit cell volume of treated CrO3 samples were reduced by 0.25 and 0.92% respectively, whereas density was increased by 0.93% in treated CrO3 sample as compared to control. The crystallite size of treated CrO3 was increased from 46.77 nm (control) to 60.13 nm after biofield treatment. FT-IR spectra showed the absorption peaks corresponding to Cr=O at 906 and 944 cm-1 in control, which were increased to 919 and 949 cm¬1 in treated CrO3 after biofield treatment. Overall, these results suggest that biofield treatment has substantially altered the physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Aluminium Carbide P...albertdivis
Aluminium carbide (Al4C3) has gained extensive attention due to its abrasive and creep resistance properties. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical and structural properties of Al4C3 powder.
A Research Article on Synthesis of Metal Nano Particles by Chemical Reduction...ijtsrd
Nanotechnology is an experimental and engineering technology manipulate at the nanoscale, such as in the field of different compound fabric synthesizing, food processing agriculture processing and as well as in medicinal application. Due to their physical and chemical applications the metal nanoparticles have a great interest in research. A variety of physical, chemical and biological method that can be used for the synthesis of the metal nanoparticle. All the methods have positive advantages as well as some obstruction. In this following review we try to explain recent research on the synthesis and various application of metal nanoparticle. We summarized the different chemical reduction method and briefly explain their application. Vijay Aithekar | Dr. Sangeeta Gautam "A Research Article on Synthesis of Metal Nano Particles by Chemical Reduction Method" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26371.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/physics/nanotechnology/26371/a-research-article-on-synthesis-of-metal-nano-particles-by-chemical-reduction-method/vijay-aithekar
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Characteristics of...albertdivis
Barium oxide (BaO) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) are well known for their applications in electrical, optical and chemical industries. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on the structural and physical properties of BaO and ZnS powder.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
An Impact of Biofield Treatment on Spectroscopic Characterization of Pharmace...albertdivis
The stability of any pharmaceutical compound is most desired quality that determines its shelf life and effectiveness.The stability can be correlated to structural and bonding properties of compound and any variation arise in these properties can be easily determined by spectroscopic analysis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on these properties of four pharmaceutical compounds such as urea, thiourea, sodium carbonate,and magnesium sulphate, using spectroscopic analysis.
An Impact of Biofield Treatment on Spectroscopic Characterization of Pharmace...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on these properties of four pharmaceutical compounds such as urea, thiourea, sodium carbonate, and magnesium sulphate, using spectroscopic analysis.
Analytical method development and its application to extractive spectrophotom...pharmaindexing
Analytical method development and its application to extractive spectrophotometric determination of Co (II) using 1, 2-Propanedione, 1-phenyl-1-(2-hydroxybenzylideneazine) -2- oxime (PDPHBAO).
Analytical method development and its application to extractive spectrophotom...SriramNagarajan15
The reagent was synthesized and characterization was carried out by FTIR, NMR, elemental analysis as well as Mass spectrometry. The synthesized reagent was then applied for the development of the analytical method for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of cobalt (II). Cobalt metal forms pale yellow coloured complex, which can be extracted in chloroform at pH 9.4 having absorption maxima at 415 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 1-8.00 μg. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s Sensitivity of the extracted species are 7.1724 X 103 Lit mol-1 cm-2 and 8.2165 X 10-3μg cm-2 respectively. The developed method is highly sensitive, selective, simple, rapid, accurate, and has been satisfactorily applied for the determination of cobalt in the synthetic mixtures, pharmaceutical samples, and alloys.
Biofield Treatment Impact on Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties Indium P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In a recent research, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi's biofield energy treatment that is also known as The Trivedi Effect is applied to the Indium Powder sample and what it has resulted is really remarkable. Go through the presentation to know more about this research and the outcomes.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Atomic and Structural Characteristics of Bari...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, the barium titanate powder was subjected to biofield treatment. Further, the control and treated samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and Electron spin resonance (ESR).
Growth, structural and optical studies on pure and l histidine doped single c...eSAT Journals
Abstract Single crystals of pure and L-Histidine doped copper sulphate penta hydrate (CuSO4. 5H2O) were grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature. The grown crystals were carried out by Powder X-ray diffraction analysis to find out the crystalline nature. The different modes of vibration present in the pure and L-Histidine doped CuSO4 crystals were identified by FITR spectra. The wide optical transparency in the entire visible region was shown by UV-Vis-spectral analysis. Keywords: Crystal Growth, XRD, FTIR, UV-Visible
Structural Stability of Nano-Crystalline Aluminum-Glass CompositesIOSRJAP
Effects of particle size of the material in nanometer on solid state, structural properties AluminumGlass based samples are reported in this study. The particle size of 25µm was used for both Aluminum and Glass powders respectively. The samples were prepared in powdered form of various Al-Glass proportions. The weight of Aluminum ranges between 20 – 60 percent in the composites. Results showed from X-ray diffraction analyses that Aluminum addition and the determined particle size greatly influence the structural stability of the samples. It was revealed that samples were structurally stable in the range of Aluminum composition and the observed size of crystals, measured Width at Middle of Maximum Height and structural parameters were found in nanometers. The Al-Glass materials were noted to crystallize with FCC and BCC lattice structures.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...albertdivis
Brass, a copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy has gained extensive attention in industries due to its high corrosion resistance, machinability and strength to weight ratio. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder.
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (...albertdivis
Chromium (VI) oxide (CrO3) has gained extensive attention due to its versatile physical and chemical properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Thermal, Physical and Structural Prope...albertdivis
Cadmium is widely utilized in nickel-cadmium batteries, stabilizers, and coating applications due to its versatile physico-chemical properties. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on atomic, thermal, and physical properties of cadmium powder.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...albertdivis
The present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated. The particle size analysis showed larger particle size and surface area after treatment.
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Characteristics of...albertdivis
Barium oxide (BaO) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) are well known for their applications in electrical, optical and chemical industries. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on the structural and physical properties of BaO and ZnS powder.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
An Impact of Biofield Treatment on Spectroscopic Characterization of Pharmace...albertdivis
The stability of any pharmaceutical compound is most desired quality that determines its shelf life and effectiveness.The stability can be correlated to structural and bonding properties of compound and any variation arise in these properties can be easily determined by spectroscopic analysis. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on these properties of four pharmaceutical compounds such as urea, thiourea, sodium carbonate,and magnesium sulphate, using spectroscopic analysis.
An Impact of Biofield Treatment on Spectroscopic Characterization of Pharmace...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on these properties of four pharmaceutical compounds such as urea, thiourea, sodium carbonate, and magnesium sulphate, using spectroscopic analysis.
Analytical method development and its application to extractive spectrophotom...pharmaindexing
Analytical method development and its application to extractive spectrophotometric determination of Co (II) using 1, 2-Propanedione, 1-phenyl-1-(2-hydroxybenzylideneazine) -2- oxime (PDPHBAO).
Analytical method development and its application to extractive spectrophotom...SriramNagarajan15
The reagent was synthesized and characterization was carried out by FTIR, NMR, elemental analysis as well as Mass spectrometry. The synthesized reagent was then applied for the development of the analytical method for the extractive spectrophotometric determination of cobalt (II). Cobalt metal forms pale yellow coloured complex, which can be extracted in chloroform at pH 9.4 having absorption maxima at 415 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 1-8.00 μg. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s Sensitivity of the extracted species are 7.1724 X 103 Lit mol-1 cm-2 and 8.2165 X 10-3μg cm-2 respectively. The developed method is highly sensitive, selective, simple, rapid, accurate, and has been satisfactorily applied for the determination of cobalt in the synthetic mixtures, pharmaceutical samples, and alloys.
Biofield Treatment Impact on Atomic, Physical and Thermal Properties Indium P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In a recent research, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi's biofield energy treatment that is also known as The Trivedi Effect is applied to the Indium Powder sample and what it has resulted is really remarkable. Go through the presentation to know more about this research and the outcomes.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Atomic and Structural Characteristics of Bari...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, the barium titanate powder was subjected to biofield treatment. Further, the control and treated samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and Electron spin resonance (ESR).
Growth, structural and optical studies on pure and l histidine doped single c...eSAT Journals
Abstract Single crystals of pure and L-Histidine doped copper sulphate penta hydrate (CuSO4. 5H2O) were grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature. The grown crystals were carried out by Powder X-ray diffraction analysis to find out the crystalline nature. The different modes of vibration present in the pure and L-Histidine doped CuSO4 crystals were identified by FITR spectra. The wide optical transparency in the entire visible region was shown by UV-Vis-spectral analysis. Keywords: Crystal Growth, XRD, FTIR, UV-Visible
Structural Stability of Nano-Crystalline Aluminum-Glass CompositesIOSRJAP
Effects of particle size of the material in nanometer on solid state, structural properties AluminumGlass based samples are reported in this study. The particle size of 25µm was used for both Aluminum and Glass powders respectively. The samples were prepared in powdered form of various Al-Glass proportions. The weight of Aluminum ranges between 20 – 60 percent in the composites. Results showed from X-ray diffraction analyses that Aluminum addition and the determined particle size greatly influence the structural stability of the samples. It was revealed that samples were structurally stable in the range of Aluminum composition and the observed size of crystals, measured Width at Middle of Maximum Height and structural parameters were found in nanometers. The Al-Glass materials were noted to crystallize with FCC and BCC lattice structures.
Characterization of Physical and Structural Properties of Brass Powder After ...albertdivis
Brass, a copper-zinc (Cu-Zn) alloy has gained extensive attention in industries due to its high corrosion resistance, machinability and strength to weight ratio. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on structural and physical properties of brass powder.
Characterization of Physical, Thermal and Structural Properties of Chromium (...albertdivis
Chromium (VI) oxide (CrO3) has gained extensive attention due to its versatile physical and chemical properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal and structural properties of CrO3 powder.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Thermal, Physical and Structural Prope...albertdivis
Cadmium is widely utilized in nickel-cadmium batteries, stabilizers, and coating applications due to its versatile physico-chemical properties. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on atomic, thermal, and physical properties of cadmium powder.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properties ...albertdivis
The present investigation, Sb2S3 powder samples were exposed to biofield treatment, and further its physical, structural and spectral properties are investigated. The particle size analysis showed larger particle size and surface area after treatment.
Impact of Biofield Treatment on Atomic and Structural Characteristics of Bari...albertdivis
The perovskite crystal structure and lattice vibrations play a crucial role in its piezoelectric and ferroelectric behavior. In the present study, the barium titanate powder was subjected to biofield treatment.
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Character...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4. X-ray diffraction revealed the significant effect of biofield on lattice parameter, unit cell volume, molecular weight, crystallite sizes and densities of treated Mn3O4.
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Character...albertdivis
In Mn3O4, the crystal structure, dislocation density, particle size and spin of the electrons plays crucial role in modulating its magnetic properties. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4.
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properti...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Boron nitride (BN) is known for high hardness, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and catalytic action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, structural and spectral properties of BN powder.
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Structural and Spectral Properti...albertdivis
Boron nitride (BN) is known for high hardness, thermal stability, thermal conductivity, and catalytic action. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, structural and spectral properties of BN powder.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Structural and Morphological Properties of Si...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, atomic, and structural characteristics of SiC powder. The control and biofield treated SiC powder was analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer, surface area analyzer, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques with respect to control.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Structural and Morphological Properties of Si...albertdivis
Silicon carbide (SiC) is a well-known ceramic due to its excellent spectral absorbance and thermo-mechanical properties. The wide band gap, high melting point and thermal conductivity of SiC is used in high temperature applications. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on physical, atomic, and structural characteristics of SiC powder.
Characterization of cobalt oxide and calcium aluminumShujaul Mulk Khan
The Cobalt Oxide and Calcium-Aluminum Oxide nano-catalysts were analyzed using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Preliminary results showed that the particles of Cobalt Oxide exhibit sponge like morphology and homogenous distribution as per confirmation via SEM. Its average particle size ranges to 30.6 nm demonstrating enormous number of pores and aggregative in nature. Its various peaks were ranging
from 19.2 to 65.4 after XRD analysis. The highest intensity was observed at 36.9 position. The energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques were used to calculate the elements present in sample according to their weight and atomic percentage. The
cobalt oxide contain cobalt as the most abundant element with 46.85 wt% and 18.01 atomic percent. It contain oxygen with 30.51 wt% and 43.19 atomic percent. Whereas, SEM of calcium aluminum oxide showed random morphology. According to the calculation of Scherrer equation regarding XRD analysis, it was distributed homogenously with particle size ranges from 30 to 40 nm. Its porous morphology was due to the interconnecting gaps between different particles. It result the eight peaks ranging from 18.1 to 62.7 in XRD spectrum. The highest intensity observed at 35.1 with average crystallite particle size of 25.6 nm. The calcium aluminum oxide contain aluminum 7.45 wt% and 6.93 atomic percent. The calcium was the most abundant element with54.7 wt% and 34.24 atomic percent followed by oxygen with 37.26 wt% and 58.42 atomic percent. It was concluded that the SEM, XRD, and EDX are the most significant techniques to characterize nano-catalysts in particular and other compounds generally.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Structural and Morphological Properties of Si...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, the effect of Mr. Mahrendra Trivedi' biofield energy treatment (known as The Trivedi Effect) is evaluated on the physical, atomic, and structural characteristics of SiC powder.
The Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Consciousness Energy Healing Tr...CrimsonPublishersAMMS
Silver oxide possesses antimicrobial properties and also has numerous applications in space research, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.
It is not readily soluble in most of the solvents and highly sensitive to light. Thus, this study was executed to evaluate the impact of the Trivedi
Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of silver oxide using PSA, PXRD, and DSC analytical
techniques. The test sample was divided into two parts: one part was control sample and the other part was treated sample. The control sample did not
receive Biofield Energy Treatment; whereas the treated sample received the Biofield Energy Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer,
Gopal Nayak. The particle size values of the treated silver oxide powder were significantly decreased at d10, d50, d90, and D(4,3) by 9.507%, 4.957%,
3.463%, and 4.787% respectively, thus the specific surface area was significantly increased by 7.647% compared with the control sample. The peak
intensities and crystallite sizes were significantly altered from -91.53% to 26.92% and -69.76% to 8.83%, respectively; however, the average crystallite
size was significantly decreased by 35.62% in the treated sample compared with the control sample.
Biofield Treatment: A Potential Strategy for Modification of Physical and The...albertdivis
Indole compounds are important class of therapeutic molecules, which have excellent pharmaceutical applications. The objective of present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical and thermal properties of indole.
Biofield Treatment Impact on 1,2,4-Triazoledeeptimishra10
The biofield treatment has improved the growth and production of agriculture crops and significantly altered the phenotypic characteristics of various pathogenic microbes. Additionally, biofield treatment has substantially altered the medicinal, growth and anatomical properties of ashwagandha.
Characterization of Physical, Spectral and Thermal Properties of Biofield Tre...albertdivis
The objective of the present research was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physical, spectral and thermal properties of 1,2,4-triazole.
Research by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi - Atomic, Crystalline and Powder Character...Abby Keif
Research on Trivedi Effect - In the present investigation Zirconium oxide and silicon dioxide powders are exposed to Bio-field. Both the exposed and unexposed powders are later characterized by various techniques. Visit http://works.bepress.com/mahendra_trivedi/11/ for more details.
Similar to Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties of Bronze Powder (20)
Physical and Structural Characterization of Biofield Treated Imidazole Deriva...albertdivis
The Aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on two imidazole derivatives (i.e., imidazole and 2-methylimidazole) by various analytical methods.
Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on...albertdivis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype.
Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia marcesc...albertdivis
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristics such as antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions, biotype, DNA polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880).
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristic of Pr...albertdivis
The Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on P. rettgeri against antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reaction pattern, biotype number, and 16S rDNA sequence.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotypi...albertdivis
The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping.
Antibiogram Typing and Biochemical Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae ...albertdivis
The Aim of the present study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on four MDR clinical lab isolates (LS) of K. pneumoniae (LS 2, LS 6, LS 7, and LS 14).
Phenotypic and Biotypic Characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca: An Impact of ...albertdivis
Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospitalacquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165).
Spectroscopic Characterization of Disodium Hydrogen Orthophosphate and Sodium...albertdivis
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate is a water soluble white powder widely used as pH regulator and saline laxative. The sodium nitrate is a highly water soluble white solid, used in high blood pressure, dentinal hypersensitivity, and production of fertilizers. The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of disodium hydrogen orthophosphate and sodium nitrate.
An Impact of Biofield Treatment: Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Potential U...albertdivis
The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment modality on mycobacterial strains in relation to antimycobacterials susceptibility. Mycobacterial sensitivity was analysed using 12 B BACTEC vials on the BACTEC 460 TB machine in 39 lab isolates (sputum samples) from stored stock cultures.
Fourier Transform Infrared and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopic Characteriza...albertdivis
Ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride are the white crystalline solid inorganic compounds having wide application in synthesis and analytical chemistry. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of inorganic salt like ammonium acetate and ammonium chloride.
Structural and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Thymol and Mentholalbertdivis
Thymol and menthol are naturally occurring plant derived compounds, which have excellent pharmaceutical and antimicrobial applications. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of biofield energy on physical and structural characteristics of thymol and menthol.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Biofield Treated Metronidazole and Tinidazolealbertdivis
Metronidazole and tinidazole are widely used antimicrobial drugs against Gram-negative and Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on metronidazole and tinidazole using FT-IR and UV spectroscopy.
Potential Impact of BioField Treatment on Atomic and Physical Characteristics...albertdivis
Magnesium (Mg), present in every cell of all living organisms, is an essential nutrient and primarily responsible for catalytic reaction of over 300 enzymes. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on atomic and physical properties of magnesium powder.
Thermal and Physical Properties of Biofield Treated Bile Salt and Proteose Pe...albertdivis
Bile salt (BS) and proteose peptone (PP) are important biomacromolecules being produced inside the human body. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of biofield treatment on physicochemical properties of BS and PP.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Spectral Properties of Paracetamol and Piroxicamalbertdivis
Paracetamol and piroxicam are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), widely used in pain and inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on spectral properties of paracetamol and piroxicam.
An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Re...albertdivis
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( S. maltophilia ) is a Gram-negative bacillus, an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistant strains are associated with very high rate of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O, et al. (2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties
of Bronze Powder. Adv Automob Eng 4: 119. doi:10.4172/2167-7670.1000119
Page 2 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 1 • 1000119
Adv Automob Engg
ISSN:2167-7670 AAE, an open access journal
Experimental
Bronze powder was procured from Alfa Aesar, USA. The bronze
powder sample was divided into two parts, one part was considered
as control and another part was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield
treatment, referred as treated. The control and treated samples were
characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared
(FT-IR) spectroscopy.
X-ray diffraction study
XRD analysis was carried out on Phillips, Holland PW 1710 X-ray
diffractometer system, which had a copper anode with nickel filter.
The radiation of wavelength used by the XRD system was 1.54056 Å.
The data obtained from this XRD were in the form of a chart of 2θ vs.
intensity and a detailed table containing peak intensity counts, d value
(Å), peak width (θ0
), relative intensity (%) etc. Additionally, PowderX
software was used to calculate lattice parameter and unit cell volume.
The crystallite size (G) was calculated by using formula:
( )G k / bCosλ θ= ,
Here, λ is the wavelength of radiation used and k is the equipment
constant (=0.94). However, the percentage change in all parameters
such as lattice parameter, unit cell volume and crystallite size was
calculated using the following equation:
( )t c cPercent change in lattice parameter a a / a 100= − ×
Where, ac
and at
are lattice parameter value of control and treated
powder samples respectively
( )t c cPercent change in unit cell volume V V / V 100= − ×
Where, Vc
and Vt
are the unit cell volume of control and treated
powder samples respectively
( )t c cPercent change in crystallite size G G / G 10= − ×
Where, Gc
and Gt
are crystallite size of control and treated powder
samples respectively. The XRD analysis was carried out on day 1, 10,
78, 106 and 117 day referred as control, T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively.
Particle size analysis
For particle size analysis, laser particle size analyzer SYMPATEC
HELOS-BF was used, which had a detection range of 0⋅1-875 μm. The
particle size data was collected in the form of a chart of particle size
vs. cumulative percentage. Three parameters of particle sizes viz. d50
,
d90
, and d99
(size below which 50%, 90%, and 99% particles are present,
respectively) were calculated from the particle size distribution curve.
The percent change in particle sizes were calculated using following
equation:
50 Treated 50 Control
50
50 Control
[(d ) - [(d ) ]
%changein particlesize,d = ×100
(d )
Where, (d50
) Control
and (d50
) Treated
are the particle size, d50
of control
and treated samples respectively. Similarly, the percent change in
particle size d90
and d99
were calculated. The particle size were evaluated
on day 1, 12, 91, 97 and 115 for control, T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively.
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
In order to study the changes in surface morphology of bronze
powder after biofield treatment, the control and treated sample were
analyzed on day 20 using SEM, the JEOL JSM-6360 instrument.
FT-IR spectroscopy
To study the impact of biofield treatment at atomic bonding level
in bronze powder, the FT-IR analysis was done on Shimadzu, Fourier
transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer with frequency range of 300-
4000 cm-1
. FT-IR analysis was carried out on day 1, day 71 and day 82
for control, T1, and T2, respectively.
Results and Discussion
X-ray diffraction study
The XRD results are presented in Table 1. It was observed that the
lattice parameter of the unit cell reduced by 0.2%, 0.26%, 0.19%, and
0.07% in treated bronze T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively, as compared
to control. The percent change in lattice parameter is also known as
lattice strain. Further, the decreased lattice parameter led to reduce
the volume of unit cell by 0.61%, 0.78%, 0.56%, and 0.21% in treated
samples T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively as compared to control (Figure
1). The percent change in lattice parameter and unit cell volume was
found maximum on day 78 (T2). In general, when the applied stress
is compressive the change in strain is negative while a positive value
indicates a tensile stress. Thus, negative strain in all treated bronze
sample indicated that a compressive stress was probably acted on
treated bronze sample after biofield treatment. It is possible that
biofield treatment could be transferred the energy to bronze powder
and that may induced milling in the powder. Hence, this high energy
milling may lead to persuade the compressive stress and changed the
lattice parameter [16-19]. Moreover, the crystallite size was 88.96 nm
in control sample, however it was changed to 148.96 nm, 111.30 nm,
44.52 nm, and 148.38 nm in treated samples on day 10 (T1), day 78
(T2), day 106 (T3), and day 117 (T4) respectively. The percent change
in crystallite size is presented in Figure 2, it showed that the crystallite
size was increased upto 66.79% on day 10, then started to decrease
upto 49.96% on day 106 (T3) as compared to control. It is possible
that the tin (Sn) atoms might be diffused into copper (Cu) due to
biofield energy that may lead to coalescence of grains and increase the
crystallite size [7]. Furthermore, the existence of severe lattice strains is
evidenced by the change in lattice parameters (Figure 1). The presence
of this internal strain may lead to fracture the grains into sub grains and
decrease the crystallite size upto day 106 [19]. Moreover, the relation
between strength of material and crystallite size is given by Hall-Patch
equation as given below:
/σ σ°= + k G (1)
Where, σ is strength of the material σ° , is a material constant for
the starting stress for dislocation movement, k is the strengthening
coefficient, G is crystallite size.
Dybiec et al. reported the material constant, σo
=58.9 MPa and
k=0.3689 MPa m1/2
for bronze [29]. These parameters were used to
calculate the yield strength of control and treated bronze powder. The
yield strength of all samples were calculated using equation (1) and
Group Lattice Parameter
(Å)
Unit Cell Volume
(×10-23
cm3
)
Crystallite size
(nm)
Control 3.6224 4.753 88.96
Treated T1 3.6151 4.724 148.38
Treated T2 3.6129 4.716 111.30
Treated T3 3.6156 4.727 44.52
Treated T4 3.6199 4.743 148.36
Table 1: X-ray diffraction analysis of bronze powder.
3. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O, et al. (2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties
of Bronze Powder. Adv Automob Eng 4: 119. doi:10.4172/2167-7670.1000119
Page 3 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 1 • 1000119
Adv Automob Engg
ISSN:2167-7670 AAE, an open access journal
percent change in treated bronze powder as compared to control. It was
observed that the yield strength was reduced by 9% on day 10 (T1) and
then increased upto 16.50% on day 106 (T3), as compared to control,
after biofield treatment. Nevertheless, the yield strength was again
decreased by 8.99% on day 117 as compared to control. Overall, the
graph indicates that bronze showed the higher yield strength in time
period of day 82 to day 115 (Figure 3). This variation in yield strength
in treated bronze powder could be due to change of crystallite size
after biofield treatment as explained by Hall and Petch. The strength
of materials can be modulated by changing the crystallite size and this
could be due to interactions of dislocations with crystallite boundaries
as they move. In this phenomenon, the crystallites boundaries
hindered the movement of dislocation gliding along the slip planes and
increased the yield strength [30]. It is also reported that the reduction
in crystallite size leads to increase the grain boundaries and vice versa.
Thus, it is hypothesized that the change in crystallite size after biofield
treatment in bronze could alter the yield strength.
Particle size analysis
In order to understand the effect of biofield treatment on particle
size, several range i.e. d50
, d90,
andd99
were calculated and results are
presented in Table 2 and Figure 4. It was observed that the particle
sizes of d50
, d90,
andd99
were increased by 5.15, 8.21, 12.17% respectively,
as compared to control on day 12. It may be due to agglomeration of
finer particles through high energy milling that probably induced by
biofield treatment. Furthermore, the d50
, d90,
and d99
were reduced by
16.24, 18.71, 18.75% respectively, as compared to control on day 91.
This can be possible if coarser particles get fracture to smaller particle
size. Further, on day 97 the particle size of d50
, d90,
and d99
were reduced
by 18.22, 12.89, and 11.95% respectively as compared to control. In
addition, particle sizes of d50
, d90,
and d99
were also reduced by 13.47,
8.78, and 9.96% respectively on day 115, as compared to control.
Overall, the graph showed that particle of each size i.e. finer to coarser,
were reduced as increase in number of days after biofield treatment
(Figure 4). It is well known that the bronze powder particles are
polycrystalline i.e. it consist of many grains. In polycrystalline particles,
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
10 78 106 117
PercentChange
Number of days after treatment
Figure 2: Percent change in crystallite size in biofield treated bronze as
compared to control.
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
10 78 106 117
Percentchange
Number of days after treatment
Figure 3: Percent change in yield strength of biofield treated bronze as
compared to control.
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
12 91 97 115
Percentchange
Number of days after treatment
d50 d90 d99
Figure 4: Percent change in particle size in biofield treated bronze as
compared to control.
Figure 5: The SEM images of (a) control and (b) treated bronze powder.
-0.9
-0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0
10 78 106 117
PercentChange
Number of days after treatment
Lattice parameter Volume
Figure 1: Percent change in lattice parameter and unit cell volume in
biofield treated bronze as compared to control.
Groups d50
(μm) d90
(μm) d99
(μm)
Control 50.50 94.26 135.60
Treated T1 53.10 102.00 152.10
Treated T2 42.30 76.59 110.20
Treated T3 41.30 82.11 119.40
Treated T4 43.70 85.98 122.10
d50
, d90
, and d99
, size below which 50%, 90%, and 99% particles are present,
respectively
Table 2: Particle size analysis of bronze powder.
4. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O, et al. (2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties
of Bronze Powder. Adv Automob Eng 4: 119. doi:10.4172/2167-7670.1000119
Page 4 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 1 • 1000119
Adv Automob Engg
ISSN:2167-7670 AAE, an open access journal
absorption peak at wavenumber 1541 cm-1
(Control and T1) and
1550 cm-1
(T2), which characterized the O-H bending. However,
the bands at wavenumber 3734 cm-1
(control and T1) and 3749 cm-1
(T2) were assigned to O-H stretching vibration that may be due to
moisture absorption by samples [31,32]. Furthermore, the peak at 648
cm-1
(control) and 650 cm-1
(T1), and 663 cm-1
(T2) can be attributed
to Sn-O stretching vibrations [32]. This indicates that wavenumber
shifted toward higher side, after biofield treatment, which could be
due to alteration in Sn-O bond strength. Besides this, the IR spectra of
treated (T2) showed three new peaks at wavenumber 464 cm-1
, 736 cm-1
,
and 835 cm-1
(Figure 8). The peaks at 736 cm-1
, and 835 cm-1
can be
attributed to Cu-O-H bending mode, whereas the emergence of peak at
464 cm-1
could be due to Cu-O vibrations [33,34]. Thus, it is presumed
that biofield treatment may be acting at atomic bonding level to cause
these modifications.
Conclusion
In summary, the biofield treatment has significantly altered the
lattice strain, crystallite size, particle size and surface morphology in
crystallite boundaries are the structural weak points [16,17]. Hence, it
is hypothesized that these weak boundaries may fracture under stress
and reduced particle size.
SEM analysis
The SEM images of control and treated bronze samples at
magnification of 500x are shown in Figure 5. The diffusion welded and
agglomerated particles were observed in control bronze with size range
of 1-100 μm. However, in treated bronze powder, fractured surface
morphology along with satellites and intra-particle boundaries were
observed. Furthermore, the treated bronze particles were in the size
range of 1-75 μm. It indicates that the coarser particles may fracture
into finer after biofield treatment that possibly reduces the particle
size [17]. Furthermore, in order to study the bronze powder at atomic
bonding level, samples were analyzed using FT-IR.
FT-IR spectroscopy
FT-IR spectrum of control and treated bronze samples are shown
in Figures 6-8. In all these spectra, absorption bands in region of
range 4000-300 cm-1
were observed. The FT-IR spectra showed an
Figure 6: FT-IR spectrum of control bronze powder.
Figure 7: FT-IR spectrum of biofield treated bronze powder (T1).
5. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O, et al. (2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties
of Bronze Powder. Adv Automob Eng 4: 119. doi:10.4172/2167-7670.1000119
Page 5 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 1 • 1000119
Adv Automob Engg
ISSN:2167-7670 AAE, an open access journal
bronze powder as compared to control. XRD data revealed that the unit
cell volume was reduced upto 0.78% as compared to control. This could
be due to compressive stress generated during high energy milling
through biofield treatment. Besides this, the reduction in crystallite size
upto 49.9% may lead to increase the mechanical strength of the bronze
powder after biofield treatment. In addition, biofield treatment has
significantly reduced the particle size upto 18.22% in bronze powder
as compared to control. SEM data showed fractured surfaces in treated
sample whereas welded particles were observed in control sample.
Furthermore, the FT-IR analysis data suggest that there were three
new peaks at 464 cm-1
, 736 cm-1
, and 835 cm-1
found in treated bronze
as compared to control; indicated that there might be an alteration of
bond properties in bronze after biofield treatment. Overall, the biofield
treatment has substantially altered the characteristics of bronze at
physical and structural level. Thus, it is postulated that the biofield
treated bronze powder could be more useful in bearing and gear
applications in automobiles.
Acknowledgement
We thank Dr. Cheng Dong of NLSC, Institute of Physics, and Chinese
academy of Sciences for supporting in using PowderX software for analyzing X-ray
Diffraction data.
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6. Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O, et al. (2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties
of Bronze Powder. Adv Automob Eng 4: 119. doi:10.4172/2167-7670.1000119
Page 6 of 6
Volume 4 • Issue 1 • 1000119
Adv Automob Engg
ISSN:2167-7670 AAE, an open access journal
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Citation: Trivedi MK, Nayak G, Patil S, Tallapragada RM, Latiyal O, et al.
(2015) Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Properties
of Bronze Powder. Adv Automob Eng 4: 119. doi:10.4172/2167-7670.1000119