An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) is a Gram-negative bacillus, an opportunistic pathogen, particularly among nosocomial infections. Multi-drug resistant strains are associated with very high rate of morbidity and mortality in severely immunocompromised patients. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment against multidrug resistant S. maltophilia. Clinical sample of S. maltophilia was collected and divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated which were analyzed after 10 days with respect to control. The following parameters viz. susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical studies and biotype number of both control and treated samples were measured by MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The results showed an overall change of 37.5% in susceptibility pattern and 39.4% in biochemical study while 33.3% changes in MIC values of tested antimicrobials after biofield treatment. Further, the treated group of S. maltophilia has also shown a significant change in biochemical reactions followed by its biotype number as compared to control group. Biochemical reactions of treated group showed negative reaction to acetamide and positive reactions to colistin, glucose, adonitol, melibiose, arabinose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer as compared with control. The biofield treatment showed an alteration in MIC values of amikacin, amoxicillin/K-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ceftazidime, cefotetan, ticarcillin/K-clavulanate, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Altogether, data suggest that biofield treatment has significant effect to alter the sensitivity pattern of antimicrobials and biotype number against multidrug resistant strain of S. maltophilia.
An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Multidrug-resistant Burkholderia cepacia: ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug resistant B. cepacia. Clinicalsample of B. cepacia was divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated.
An Impact of Biofield Treatment: Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Potential U...albertdivis
The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment modality on mycobacterial strains in relation to antimycobacterials susceptibility. Mycobacterial sensitivity was analysed using 12 B BACTEC vials on the BACTEC 460 TB machine in 39 lab isolates (sputum samples) from stored stock cultures.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Typi...wilhelm mendel
Pathogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), particularly the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, are mostly associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy in nosocomial infections. The present work was designed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae. The strain of K. pneumoniae bearing ATCC 15380 (American Type Culture Collection) was procured from the Bangalore Genei, in sealed pack and divided into control and treated groups. Treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Further, the effect of biofield treatment was also evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in order to determine their epidemiological relatedness and genetic characteristics of biofield treated K. pneumoniae samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility results showed an improve sensitivity (i.e. from intermediate to susceptible) of ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol, while altered sensitivity of cephalothin (i.e. from susceptible to intermediate) was also reported as compared to the control sample. The MIC value showed two-fold decrease in MIC value of ampicillin/sulbactam (i.e. 16/8 to ≤8/4 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (i.e. 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL) as compared to the control. The cephalothin showed two-folds change (i.e. ≤ 8 to 16 μg/mL) in the MIC value as compared with the control. Biofield treatment showed 9.09% alterations in biochemical reactions followed by a change in biotype number (7774 4272) in the treated group with respect to the control (7774 4274). Genetic fingerprinting was performed on control and treated samples using RAPD-PCR biomarkers, which showed an average range of 11 to 15% of polymorphism among the treated samples with respect to the control. These results suggested that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on K. pneumoniae.
Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Sus...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
As biofield therapy is increasingly popular in biomedical heath care, so present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number of multidrug resistant strain of R. ornithinolytica.
Phenotyping and Genotyping Characteristics of Serratia MarcescensGru Marckel
A study was performed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristics of S. marcescens. Visit here for more details.
Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on...albertdivis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotypi...albertdivis
The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping.
An Effect of Biofield Treatment on Multidrug-resistant Burkholderia cepacia: ...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
Aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of biofield treatment on multidrug resistant B. cepacia. Clinicalsample of B. cepacia was divided into two groups i.e. control and biofield treated.
An Impact of Biofield Treatment: Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Potential U...albertdivis
The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment modality on mycobacterial strains in relation to antimycobacterials susceptibility. Mycobacterial sensitivity was analysed using 12 B BACTEC vials on the BACTEC 460 TB machine in 39 lab isolates (sputum samples) from stored stock cultures.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biochemical Characterization and Molecular Typi...wilhelm mendel
Pathogenic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), particularly the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, are mostly associated with the failure of antibiotic therapy in nosocomial infections. The present work was designed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of K. pneumoniae. The strain of K. pneumoniae bearing ATCC 15380 (American Type Culture Collection) was procured from the Bangalore Genei, in sealed pack and divided into control and treated groups. Treated group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and analyzed for the antimicrobial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical reactions, and biotyping using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. Further, the effect of biofield treatment was also evaluated using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in order to determine their epidemiological relatedness and genetic characteristics of biofield treated K. pneumoniae samples. The antimicrobial susceptibility results showed an improve sensitivity (i.e. from intermediate to susceptible) of ampicillin/sulbactam and chloramphenicol, while altered sensitivity of cephalothin (i.e. from susceptible to intermediate) was also reported as compared to the control sample. The MIC value showed two-fold decrease in MIC value of ampicillin/sulbactam (i.e. 16/8 to ≤8/4 μg/mL) and chloramphenicol (i.e. 16 to ≤ 8 μg/mL) as compared to the control. The cephalothin showed two-folds change (i.e. ≤ 8 to 16 μg/mL) in the MIC value as compared with the control. Biofield treatment showed 9.09% alterations in biochemical reactions followed by a change in biotype number (7774 4272) in the treated group with respect to the control (7774 4274). Genetic fingerprinting was performed on control and treated samples using RAPD-PCR biomarkers, which showed an average range of 11 to 15% of polymorphism among the treated samples with respect to the control. These results suggested that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment has a significant impact on K. pneumoniae.
Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Sus...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
As biofield therapy is increasingly popular in biomedical heath care, so present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number of multidrug resistant strain of R. ornithinolytica.
Phenotyping and Genotyping Characteristics of Serratia MarcescensGru Marckel
A study was performed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristics of S. marcescens. Visit here for more details.
Antibiogram and Genotypic Analysis using 16S rDNA after Biofield Treatment on...albertdivis
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on M. morganii in the lyophilized as well as revived state for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, biochemical characteristics, biotype number and genotype.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, Biochemical Characteristics and Biotypi...albertdivis
The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of biofield treatment on Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility assay, biochemical characteristics and biotyping.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms become resistant to antimicrobial drugs that were previously able to treat infections. AMR arises through natural mutation and genetic transfer between microbes and is accelerated by misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. If not addressed, AMR could lead to increased mortality and healthcare costs as resistant organisms cause treatment failure. To combat AMR, proper antimicrobial use, hygiene, and surveillance are needed at the patient, clinical, agricultural, and policy levels. Education is also key to promoting appropriate antimicrobial usage.
The document summarizes research on peanut allergy treatment and prevention. It discusses oral immunotherapy (OIT) and epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) as treatment options, noting their benefits and limitations. OIT has shown strong desensitization effects but safety concerns, while EPIT provides simple administration and fewer restrictions but its desensitization effect is less clear. Future areas of research include optimizing these therapies and investigating other modalities. The document also reviews the LEAP trial which found that introducing peanuts early in high-risk infants reduced peanut allergy prevalence by over 80%, indicating early introduction may serve as an effective prevention strategy.
This document summarizes several research studies on various antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. It discusses penicillin and its derivatives as immune response triggers. It also looks at hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics in children and methods of synthesis and molecular modeling of cephalosporins. Additional articles summarize the pH potential of antimicrobials under environmental and light factors, glycopeptides in clinical development, targeting the bacterial cell wall, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and dalbavancin origin and activity. Further articles address tigecycline, fluoroquinolones, tuberculosis treatment, rifaximin, shortening treatment for tuberculosis, polymyxin B sulfate, colistin, mechanisms of newer antibiotics
This document provides an overview of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and recent advances in combating it. It discusses the classification and mechanisms of drug resistance. The global scenario of increasing AMR is presented, along with the situation in Nepal. Recent strategies discussed include leveraging the role of the human microbiome, developing vaccines against resistant pathogens, interrupting bacterial conjugation through bioconjugation techniques, and interfering with quorum sensing pathways. The document also reviews Nepal's national policy and action plan related to AMR containment. Prevention strategies are proposed for individuals, policymakers, and health professionals.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This document summarizes a study that tested the ability of homodium bromide (HmBr) to enhance the antibiotic sensitivity of a multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolate. The isolate was resistant to 8 of 11 antibiotics tested. Treatment with non-toxic concentrations of HmBr for various time periods increased the isolate's sensitivity to gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and streptomycin in a time and concentration dependent manner, with higher concentrations and shorter incubation times producing greater enhancements. This suggests HmBr may be useful as an antibiotic sensitivity enhancer by increasing bacterial permeability.
Computational Prediction for Antibiotics Resistance Through Machine Learning ...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Computational Prediction for Antibiotics
Resistance Through Machine Learning and Pk/Pd
Analysis by Hyunjo Kim in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
This document discusses research on the effects of omalizumab (anti-IgE therapy) treatment in patients with severe persistent asthma over 4 years. It lists 15 publications by the author on outcomes related to omalizumab therapy, including effects on oxidative stress markers, cytokines, quality of life, and side effects. The author has studied how omalizumab impacts factors involved in coagulation, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis and inflammation.
Benzanthrone induced immunotoxicity via oxidative stressPrachi Tewari
The document summarizes a study on the immunotoxic effects of benzanthrone (BA) in mice. The key findings are:
1) BA exposed mice exhibited signs of systemic inflammation like enhanced delayed type hypersensitivity response and myeloperoxidase activity. Histopathological examination showed hyperplastic and dysplastic changes in spleen and lung tissues.
2) Exposure to BA led to oxidative stress, upregulation of inflammatory markers iNOS and COX-2, and DNA damage in spleen tissues.
3) Inflammatory and regulatory cytokine levels like IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-10 and IL-4 were significantly increased in serum and spleen tissues.
Immunoglobulin therapy can be indicated for several conditions. It is clearly indicated for agammaglobulinemia due to the absence of B cells to prevent infections. For hypogammaglobulinemia with impaired antibody function, immunoglobulin therapy reduces infection rates. The appropriate immunoglobulin level to maintain an infection-free state can vary between patients. Immunoglobulin may also be used for normal immunoglobulin levels with selective antibody deficiencies if antibiotics are not controlling infections. Hypogammaglobulinemia with normal antibody responses usually does not require treatment.
This document provides an overview of atopic dermatitis (AD), including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment. AD is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense itching and eczematous lesions. Its causes are complex and multifactorial, involving genetic predispositions, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immunological dysregulation, and environmental factors. The pathophysiology involves interactions between these elements that result in chronic inflammation. AD follows a heterogeneous natural history and can range from early transient disease to chronic persistent forms.
This document summarizes beta-lactam hypersensitivity. It discusses the epidemiology of beta-lactam allergies and classifications of adverse drug reactions. It describes the immunological mechanisms involving hapten formation and carrier proteins. It examines the determinants of different beta-lactams including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, and clavams. Diagnosis and management of beta-lactam hypersensitivity are also mentioned.
1. Biomedical Research Models, Inc. developed an inbred rat strain called the Multiple Autoimmune Disease (MAD) rat that is susceptible to developing multiple autoimmune diseases. This study characterized the MAD rat model of type 1 diabetes (T1D).
2. The study found that Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands like polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) could reliably induce T1D in MAD rats, while the TLR ligand CpG did not induce diabetes. Poly I:C induced T1D in a dose-dependent manner.
3. T1D could be induced in MAD rats up to 34 days of age but the penetrance diminished at
This document summarizes a seminar on antimicrobial resistance in Nepal. It discusses how antimicrobial resistance is a major public health issue as it can render treatments ineffective and allow infections to spread. It provides examples of resistant bacteria like MRSA. It then covers factors contributing to resistance like overuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, and the environment. The challenges of resistance in Nepal are outlined, such as poverty and lack of awareness. Finally, it proposes mitigation strategies including only using antibiotics when prescribed, reducing unnecessary use in animals, and addressing the issue in Nepal's public health system.
This document discusses antimicrobial resistance and provides definitions, history, and mechanisms. It defines antimicrobial resistance as the ability of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and parasites to stop antimicrobial drugs from working against them. The discovery of antimicrobials created new treatments but microbes developed resistance over time. Factors that contribute to resistance include overuse of antibiotics, lack of sanitation, and transmission of resistant genes between bacteria. Resistance occurs via natural and acquired mechanisms, the latter being a major clinical problem. Strategies to address resistance include prudent antibiotic use, developing new drugs, and alternative approaches like phage therapy.
This document summarizes information about steroid hypersensitivity. It discusses allergic and nonallergic hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids and the factors that influence sensitization. Topical corticosteroids have a prevalence of allergy ranging from 0.2-5%, while systemic corticosteroids have a prevalence of 0.3%. The pathogenesis involves corticosteroids binding covalently to proteins. Cross-reactivity exists within corticosteroid groups based on structural similarities and shared metabolic pathways. Clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and management of corticosteroid hypersensitivity are also reviewed.
El documento describe los diferentes tipos y elementos de la comunicación, incluyendo la comunicación verbal, no verbal, escrita y gráfica. Explica conceptos como emisor, receptor, mensaje, código, contexto y canal. También cubre temas como la codificación, decodificación y retroalimentación en el proceso de comunicación.
El documento presenta la misión, visión y valores de un estudiante. Su misión es ser un profesional exitoso para ayudar a su familia y amigos aplicando valores como la responsabilidad, honestidad, puntualidad, respeto, lealtad y perseverancia. Su visión es ser una persona capaz de lograr sus objetivos aprendiendo de la vida diariamente y compartiendo con los demás.
Este documento describe el método de Gauss-Jordan para resolver sistemas de ecuaciones lineales. Explica que este método consiste en transformar la matriz aumentada del sistema en una matriz identidad a través de operaciones de filas, lo que proporciona directamente la solución. Además, muestra un ejemplo paso a paso de cómo aplicar el método Gauss-Jordan para resolver un sistema de 3 ecuaciones con 3 incógnitas.
This document discusses the target audience for a media product about indie music magazines. It aims the audience at people ages 15-21, as most existing indie magazine images target young teens. Although wanting initially to target both males and females, the bright colors and use of pink suggest the product looks more aimed at females. A profile of a typical indie person notes their individualistic approach to life and association with bright, colorful clothing in a "look," along with interests like gaming, TV shows, socializing and skating.
The document summarizes the opening of the Green Interior Architecture Library at UNCG. It describes how the library was opened in fall 2006 with help from various departments and students. It provides details on the original resources and additional space donated. It explains how resources are catalogued on the UNCG Jackson library website and available for student use.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when microorganisms become resistant to antimicrobial drugs that were previously able to treat infections. AMR arises through natural mutation and genetic transfer between microbes and is accelerated by misuse and overuse of antimicrobials. If not addressed, AMR could lead to increased mortality and healthcare costs as resistant organisms cause treatment failure. To combat AMR, proper antimicrobial use, hygiene, and surveillance are needed at the patient, clinical, agricultural, and policy levels. Education is also key to promoting appropriate antimicrobial usage.
The document summarizes research on peanut allergy treatment and prevention. It discusses oral immunotherapy (OIT) and epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) as treatment options, noting their benefits and limitations. OIT has shown strong desensitization effects but safety concerns, while EPIT provides simple administration and fewer restrictions but its desensitization effect is less clear. Future areas of research include optimizing these therapies and investigating other modalities. The document also reviews the LEAP trial which found that introducing peanuts early in high-risk infants reduced peanut allergy prevalence by over 80%, indicating early introduction may serve as an effective prevention strategy.
This document summarizes several research studies on various antibiotics and antimicrobial agents. It discusses penicillin and its derivatives as immune response triggers. It also looks at hypersensitivity reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics in children and methods of synthesis and molecular modeling of cephalosporins. Additional articles summarize the pH potential of antimicrobials under environmental and light factors, glycopeptides in clinical development, targeting the bacterial cell wall, mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and dalbavancin origin and activity. Further articles address tigecycline, fluoroquinolones, tuberculosis treatment, rifaximin, shortening treatment for tuberculosis, polymyxin B sulfate, colistin, mechanisms of newer antibiotics
This document provides an overview of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and recent advances in combating it. It discusses the classification and mechanisms of drug resistance. The global scenario of increasing AMR is presented, along with the situation in Nepal. Recent strategies discussed include leveraging the role of the human microbiome, developing vaccines against resistant pathogens, interrupting bacterial conjugation through bioconjugation techniques, and interfering with quorum sensing pathways. The document also reviews Nepal's national policy and action plan related to AMR containment. Prevention strategies are proposed for individuals, policymakers, and health professionals.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This document summarizes a study that tested the ability of homodium bromide (HmBr) to enhance the antibiotic sensitivity of a multidrug resistant Escherichia coli isolate. The isolate was resistant to 8 of 11 antibiotics tested. Treatment with non-toxic concentrations of HmBr for various time periods increased the isolate's sensitivity to gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, and streptomycin in a time and concentration dependent manner, with higher concentrations and shorter incubation times producing greater enhancements. This suggests HmBr may be useful as an antibiotic sensitivity enhancer by increasing bacterial permeability.
Computational Prediction for Antibiotics Resistance Through Machine Learning ...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Computational Prediction for Antibiotics
Resistance Through Machine Learning and Pk/Pd
Analysis by Hyunjo Kim in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
This document discusses research on the effects of omalizumab (anti-IgE therapy) treatment in patients with severe persistent asthma over 4 years. It lists 15 publications by the author on outcomes related to omalizumab therapy, including effects on oxidative stress markers, cytokines, quality of life, and side effects. The author has studied how omalizumab impacts factors involved in coagulation, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis and inflammation.
Benzanthrone induced immunotoxicity via oxidative stressPrachi Tewari
The document summarizes a study on the immunotoxic effects of benzanthrone (BA) in mice. The key findings are:
1) BA exposed mice exhibited signs of systemic inflammation like enhanced delayed type hypersensitivity response and myeloperoxidase activity. Histopathological examination showed hyperplastic and dysplastic changes in spleen and lung tissues.
2) Exposure to BA led to oxidative stress, upregulation of inflammatory markers iNOS and COX-2, and DNA damage in spleen tissues.
3) Inflammatory and regulatory cytokine levels like IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-10 and IL-4 were significantly increased in serum and spleen tissues.
Immunoglobulin therapy can be indicated for several conditions. It is clearly indicated for agammaglobulinemia due to the absence of B cells to prevent infections. For hypogammaglobulinemia with impaired antibody function, immunoglobulin therapy reduces infection rates. The appropriate immunoglobulin level to maintain an infection-free state can vary between patients. Immunoglobulin may also be used for normal immunoglobulin levels with selective antibody deficiencies if antibiotics are not controlling infections. Hypogammaglobulinemia with normal antibody responses usually does not require treatment.
This document provides an overview of atopic dermatitis (AD), including its epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history, diagnosis, and treatment. AD is a common inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense itching and eczematous lesions. Its causes are complex and multifactorial, involving genetic predispositions, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immunological dysregulation, and environmental factors. The pathophysiology involves interactions between these elements that result in chronic inflammation. AD follows a heterogeneous natural history and can range from early transient disease to chronic persistent forms.
This document summarizes beta-lactam hypersensitivity. It discusses the epidemiology of beta-lactam allergies and classifications of adverse drug reactions. It describes the immunological mechanisms involving hapten formation and carrier proteins. It examines the determinants of different beta-lactams including penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams, and clavams. Diagnosis and management of beta-lactam hypersensitivity are also mentioned.
1. Biomedical Research Models, Inc. developed an inbred rat strain called the Multiple Autoimmune Disease (MAD) rat that is susceptible to developing multiple autoimmune diseases. This study characterized the MAD rat model of type 1 diabetes (T1D).
2. The study found that Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands like polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) could reliably induce T1D in MAD rats, while the TLR ligand CpG did not induce diabetes. Poly I:C induced T1D in a dose-dependent manner.
3. T1D could be induced in MAD rats up to 34 days of age but the penetrance diminished at
This document summarizes a seminar on antimicrobial resistance in Nepal. It discusses how antimicrobial resistance is a major public health issue as it can render treatments ineffective and allow infections to spread. It provides examples of resistant bacteria like MRSA. It then covers factors contributing to resistance like overuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, and the environment. The challenges of resistance in Nepal are outlined, such as poverty and lack of awareness. Finally, it proposes mitigation strategies including only using antibiotics when prescribed, reducing unnecessary use in animals, and addressing the issue in Nepal's public health system.
This document discusses antimicrobial resistance and provides definitions, history, and mechanisms. It defines antimicrobial resistance as the ability of microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, and parasites to stop antimicrobial drugs from working against them. The discovery of antimicrobials created new treatments but microbes developed resistance over time. Factors that contribute to resistance include overuse of antibiotics, lack of sanitation, and transmission of resistant genes between bacteria. Resistance occurs via natural and acquired mechanisms, the latter being a major clinical problem. Strategies to address resistance include prudent antibiotic use, developing new drugs, and alternative approaches like phage therapy.
This document summarizes information about steroid hypersensitivity. It discusses allergic and nonallergic hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids and the factors that influence sensitization. Topical corticosteroids have a prevalence of allergy ranging from 0.2-5%, while systemic corticosteroids have a prevalence of 0.3%. The pathogenesis involves corticosteroids binding covalently to proteins. Cross-reactivity exists within corticosteroid groups based on structural similarities and shared metabolic pathways. Clinical presentation, diagnostic testing, and management of corticosteroid hypersensitivity are also reviewed.
El documento describe los diferentes tipos y elementos de la comunicación, incluyendo la comunicación verbal, no verbal, escrita y gráfica. Explica conceptos como emisor, receptor, mensaje, código, contexto y canal. También cubre temas como la codificación, decodificación y retroalimentación en el proceso de comunicación.
El documento presenta la misión, visión y valores de un estudiante. Su misión es ser un profesional exitoso para ayudar a su familia y amigos aplicando valores como la responsabilidad, honestidad, puntualidad, respeto, lealtad y perseverancia. Su visión es ser una persona capaz de lograr sus objetivos aprendiendo de la vida diariamente y compartiendo con los demás.
Este documento describe el método de Gauss-Jordan para resolver sistemas de ecuaciones lineales. Explica que este método consiste en transformar la matriz aumentada del sistema en una matriz identidad a través de operaciones de filas, lo que proporciona directamente la solución. Además, muestra un ejemplo paso a paso de cómo aplicar el método Gauss-Jordan para resolver un sistema de 3 ecuaciones con 3 incógnitas.
This document discusses the target audience for a media product about indie music magazines. It aims the audience at people ages 15-21, as most existing indie magazine images target young teens. Although wanting initially to target both males and females, the bright colors and use of pink suggest the product looks more aimed at females. A profile of a typical indie person notes their individualistic approach to life and association with bright, colorful clothing in a "look," along with interests like gaming, TV shows, socializing and skating.
The document summarizes the opening of the Green Interior Architecture Library at UNCG. It describes how the library was opened in fall 2006 with help from various departments and students. It provides details on the original resources and additional space donated. It explains how resources are catalogued on the UNCG Jackson library website and available for student use.
El documento presenta información sobre ecuaciones diferenciales ordinarias de segundo orden. Explica cómo resolver este tipo de ecuaciones mediante el método de la ecuación característica y analiza los casos de raíces reales distintas, reales iguales y complejas. También incluye ejemplos numéricos sobre un sistema masa-resorte.
This document discusses the geopolitical issues surrounding Kashmir. It notes that Kashmir is divided among India, Pakistan, and China and has been a source of conflict. The document outlines the history of conflict in Kashmir since the late 1980s, including massacres of protesters by Indian troops and the forced displacement of Kashmiri Hindus. It examines different scenarios for resolving the Kashmir issue and discusses what independence could mean for the various stakeholders.
1) O documento discute o modelo de liderança de Jesus Cristo e como ele obteve poder do Espírito Santo.
2) Explica que o poder só vem através da submissão a Deus e andar com Ele.
3) Também aborda brevemente o jardim de Getsêmani, onde Jesus passou por um momento difícil antes da crucificação.
This document provides an overview of a study that examines words in poems through a "logocentric" or word-centered approach. It analyzes words within various contexts, including the poem itself, the author's body of work, and literary tradition. The study also explores the prominence of the word "Wanderer" in Goethe and Romantic poetry. It argues that this logocentric approach can help interpret poems and resolve mysteries in literary works. The document outlines the theoretical basis of this approach, derived from Saussure's distinction between langue and parole - the systematic and spoken aspects of language.
Este documento trata sobre el proceso de optimización de los recursos no renovables y los avances tecnológicos para la obtención de energía más limpia en el Ecuador. Explica que la extracción de petróleo ha contaminado el medio ambiente y que el gobierno ecuatoriano está impulsando proyectos como hidroeléctricas y tecnologías limpias para cambiar la matriz energética del país y reducir la contaminación. También analiza las alternativas energéticas que pueden reemplazar a los combustibles fósiles.
The document describes several types of traditional dwellings from around the world that provide natural temperature regulation:
1) The Uros people live on reed islands in Lake Titicaca in Peru and make their houses, boats, and islands entirely from reeds, which help insulate them from the cold.
2) Korean Ondol houses have underground heating systems that circulate warm air to keep occupants comfortable without drafts during cold winter nights.
3) Cueba houses dug into valleys in Andalusia, Spain maintain a comfortable 40 degree temperature underground even in winter.
The document analyzes the cover and contents of the magazine F2 Cameracraft. It describes the various elements on the cover page including the main image of a fireworks show, coverlines highlighting articles, the barcode, dateline and magazine heading. The table of contents lists article titles, introductions and page numbers. Sample images from two articles are also shown on the contents page. A double page spread contains many images with minimal text to acknowledge photo owners. Overall, the magazine focuses more on content than creative presentation.
The document contains various announcements about food items for sale, extracurricular activities, fundraising events, tutoring opportunities, and volunteer opportunities at a school. Some key details include popcorn chicken and a drink for $5, a free bowl of oatmeal in the mornings, forms and money due for the ski team, a Christmas bake sale and movie screenings happening, and volunteer board outside the main office with opportunities.
Similar to An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen
Biofield Treatment: An Alternative Approach to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Sus...albertdivis
As biofield therapy is increasingly popular in biomedical heath care, so present study aimed to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on antimicrobial sensitivity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number of multidrug resistant strain of R. ornithinolytica.
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Assessment of Antibiogram of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Enterobacter aer...wilhelm mendel
Enterobacter aerogenes (E. aerogenes) has been reported as the versatile opportunistic pathogen associated with the hospital infections worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on multidrug resistant clinical lab isolates (LSs) of E. aerogenes. The MDR isolates of E. aerogenes (i.e., LS 45 and LS 54) were divided into two groups, i.e., control and treated. Samples were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), biochemical study, and biotype number using MicroScan Walk-Away® system, on day 10 after the biofield treatment. The antimicrobial sensitivity assay showed 14.28% alteration out of twenty eight tested antimicrobials with respect to the control. The cefotetan sensitivity changed from intermediate (I) to inducible β-lactamase (IB), while piperacillin/tazobactam changed from resistant to IB in the treated LS 45. Improved sensitivity was reported in tetracycline, i.e., from I to susceptible (S) in LS 45, while chloramphenicol and tetracycline sensitivity changed from R to I in treated LS 54. Four-fold decrease in MIC value was reported in piperacillin/tazobactam, and two-fold decrease in cefotetan and tetracycline in the biofield treated LS 45 as compared to the control. MIC results showed an overall decreased MIC values in 12.50% tested antimicrobials such as chloramphenicol (16 μg/mL) and tetracycline (8 μg/mL) in LS 54. The biochemical study showed an overall 45.45% negative reaction in the tested biochemical in both the treated isolates as compared to the control. A change in biotype number was reported in MDR isolates (LS 45 and LS 54), while in LS 54, altered biotype number, i.e., 0406 0374 as compared to the control (7770 4376), with identification of the new species as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with brown color as special characteristic. The study findings suggest that Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on clinical MDR isolates of E. aerogenes has the significant effect on altering the sensitivity of antimicrobials, decreasing the MIC values, changed biochemical reactions, and biotype number.
Effect of Biofield Treatment on Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristic of Pr...albertdivis
The Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield treatment on P. rettgeri against antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reaction pattern, biotype number, and 16S rDNA sequence.
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Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) is a Gram-negative microbe generally associated with community and hospitalacquired infections. Due to its clinical significance, we evaluated the effect of biofield treatment on phenotype and biotype characteristics of K. oxytoca (ATCC 43165).
This document describes the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel antimicrobial dipeptidomimetic compounds. A library of linear and branched dipeptidomimetics was created by modifying spermine with tryptophan residues at different positions and with different N-terminal tags. Eight compounds showed good antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Two lead compounds were nonhemolytic, rapidly bactericidal against MRSA, and did not induce resistance after multiple passages. These compounds were also effective against MRSA biofilms by inhibiting formation and reducing viability of mature biofilms. The membrane interactions and lower
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Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine, saving countless lives by combatting bacterial infections.
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Advancement in the area of anti-tubercular drug development has been full-fledged, yet, a very less number of
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Spectroscopic Characterization of Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline: An Impact...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
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Spectroscopic Characterization of Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline: An Impact...albertdivis
The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment for spectroscopic characterization of chloramphenicol and tetracycline using FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
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An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen
2. several forms such as kinetic, potential, electrical, magnetic, and
nuclear. Similarly, the human nervous system consists of the energy
and chemical information in the form of electrical signals. Mr.
Mahendra Trivedi’s biofield treatment has considered a significant
impact and reported in different fields like growth and yield of
different crops in agriculture [11,12], changed atomic and crystalline
characteristics of metals [13,14] and in microbiology, altered the
sensitivity and antimicrobial pattern of pathogenic microbes [15-17].
There are very few reports on biofield treatment against sensitivity
pattern of MDROs. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the
impact of biofield treatment on MDR strain of S. maltophilia. The
change in antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, MIC, biochemical
reactions, and biotype number were studied and compared with
control group.
Materials and Methods
Test micro-organism and experimental design
Clinical sample of MDR strain of S. maltophilia was collected from
stored stock cultures in Microbiology Lab, Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai
and stored with proper storage conditions until further use.
Experimental setup was designed and MDR strain was divided in two
groups i.e. control and treatment. Treatment group was subjected to
Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy and analyzed on day 10 with respect to
control. After biofield treatment, following parameters like
antimicrobial susceptibility, MIC values, biochemical reactions and
biotype number were measured by MicroScan Walk-Away® (Dade
Behring Inc., USA) using Negative Break Point Combo (NBPC 30)
panel with respect to control groups.
Evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility assay
Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S. maltophilia was studied
using MicroScan Walk-Away® NBPC30 as per manufacturer's
instructions. The qualitative antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (S:
Susceptible, I: Intermediate, and R: Resistant) and minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined by observing
the lowest antimicrobial concentration showing growth inhibition
[18]. The antimicrobials used in the susceptibility assay and MIC
calculations viz. amikacin, amox/K-clavulanate, amp/sulbactum,
ampicillin, aztreonam, cefazolin, cefepime, cefotetan, cefotaxime,
cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalothin,
chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, extended spectrum β-lactamase
(ESBL), gentamicin, gatifloxacin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem,
moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, ticarcillin/K-
clavulanate, tobramycin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Biochemical study
The biochemical reactions of control and treated S. maltophilia
were determined by MicroScan Walk-Away® system in both control
and treated groups [18].
Identification by biotype number
The biotype numbers of S. maltophilia control and treated sample
were determined by MicroScan Walk-Away® processed panel data
report with the help of biochemical reaction data [18].
Results
Antimicrobial susceptibility
Results of antimicrobial sensitivity pattern and MIC are
summarized in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. The biofield treatment on
MDR strain of S. maltophilia showed a significant change in sensitivity
pattern from I→R with different MIC values of tested antimicrobials
such as ceftazidime, levofloxacin, and ticarcillin/K-clavulanate.
Amikacin sensitivity converted from R→I with altered MIC value (i.e.
32 µg/ml), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole changed from S→R, and
chloramphenicol converted from S→I with altered MIC value (i.e. 16
µg/ml). Amoxicillin/clavulanate was reported with altered MIC value
that was greater than 16/8 µg/ml as compared to control. Rest of the
tested antimicrobials did not showed any change in sensitivity pattern
and MIC value.
S. No Antimicrobial Control Treated
1 Amikacin R I
2 Aztreonam R R
3 Cefepime R R
4 Cefotaxime R R
5 Ceftazidime I R
6 Ceftriaxone R R
7 Chloramphenicol S I
8 Ciprofloxacin R R
9 Gentamicin R R
10 Imipenem R R
11 Levofloxacin I R
12 Meropenem R R
13 Tetracycline R R
14 Ticarcillin/K-Clavulanate I R
15 Tobramycin R R
16 Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole S R
R: Resistant; I: Intermediate; S: Susceptible
Table 1: The result of antimicrobial sensitivity assay of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in control and biofield treated group.
S. No. Antimicrobial Control Treated
1 Amikacin >32 32
2 Amox/K-clavulanate 16/8 >16/8
3 Amp/Sulbactum >16/8 >16/8
4 Ampicillin >16 >16
5 Aztreonam >16 >16
6 Cefazolin >16 >16
Citation: Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug
Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen. Clin Microbiol 4: 211. doi:
10.4172/2327-5073.1000211
Page 2 of 5
Clin Microbiol
ISSN:2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000211
3. 7 Cefepime >16 >16
8 Cefotaxime >32 >32
9 Cefotetan ≤ 16 32
10 Cefoxitin >16 >16
11 Ceftazidime 16 >16
12 Ceftriaxone >32 >32
13 Cefuroxime >16 >16
14 Cephalothin >16 >16
15 Chloramphenicol ≤ 8 16
16 Ciprofloxacin >2 >2
17 ESBL-a Scrn >4 >4
18 ESBL-b Scrn >1 >1
19 Gatifloxacin 4 >4
20 Gentamicin >8 >8
21 Imipenem >8 >8
22 Levofloxacin 4 >4
23 Meropenem >8 >8
24 Moxifloxacin ≤ 2 >4
25 Nitrofurantoin >64 >64
26 Norfloxacin >8 >8
27 Tetracycline >8 >8
28 Ticarcillin/K-clavulanate 64 >64
29 Tobramycin >8 >8
30 Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole ≤ 2/38 >2/38
MIC values are presented in µg/ml; ESBL-extended spectrum β-lactamase a,b
screen
Table 2: Minimum inhibitory concentration of antimicrobials in
control and treated groups after biofield treatment on
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Overall, results showed a change of 37.5% in susceptibility pattern
and 33.3% in MIC values of tested antimicrobials. All these changes
were observed after 10 days of biofield treatment as compared to
control group.
Biochemical reaction
Table 3 summarizes the biochemical reactions denoted with codes
in control and biofield treated group on day 10. Results showed an
alteration of 39.4% in biochemical study likewise in acetamide (i.e.
from (+) positive to (-) negative reaction) while reverse responses (i.e.
from (-) negative to (+) positive reaction) in adonitol, arabinose,
colistin, glucose, melibiose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation, raffinose,
rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer were reported after
biofield treatment as compared with control.
S. No. Code Biochemical Control Treated
1 ACE Acetamide + -
2 ADO Adonitol - +
3 ARA Arabinose - +
4 ARG Arginine - -
5 CET Cetrimide - -
6 CF8 Cephalothin + +
7 CIT Citrate + +
8 CL4 Colistin - +
9 ESC Esculin hydrolysis + +
10 FD64 Nitrofurantoin + +
11 GLU Glucose - +
12 H2S Hydrogen sulfide - -
13 IND Indole - -
14 INO Inositol - -
15 K4 Kanamycin + +
16 LYS Lysine + +
17 MAL Malonate + +
18 MEL Melibiose - +
19 NIT Nitrate - +
20 OF/G Oxidation-Fermentation - +
21 ONPG Galactosidase - -
22 ORN Ornithine - -
23 OXI Oxidase - -
24 P4 Penicillin + +
25 RAF Raffinose - +
26 RHA Rhamnose - +
27 SOR Sorbitol - +
28 SUC Sucrose - +
29 TAR Tartarate - -
30 TDA Tryptophan Deaminase - -
31 TO4 Tobramycin + +
32 URE Urea - -
33 VP Voges-Proskauer - +
Negative: -; Positive: +
Table 3: Effect of biofield treatment on biochemical reactions of
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Citation: Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug
Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen. Clin Microbiol 4: 211. doi:
10.4172/2327-5073.1000211
Page 3 of 5
Clin Microbiol
ISSN:2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000211
4. Organism identification by biotype number
Based on the biochemical results, change in biotype number was
observed in biofield treated group at day 10 of S. maltophilia with
respect to control. After alteration in biotype number the organism
was identified as Enterobacter aerogenes (Table 4).
Feature Control Treated
Biotype 04262330 77304366
Organism Identification Name Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Enterobacter aerogenes
Table 4: Effect of biofield treatment on S. maltophilia to distinguishing feature of the genotype.
Discussion
Biofield treatment was reported as an alternative therapy and
termed as frontier medicine in different fields [19]. This experimental
study was designed to demonstrate the effect on susceptibility pattern,
biochemical reaction and biotype number after biofield treatment in
MDR strain of S. maltophilia.
The emergence of MDR of S. maltophilia harbored a global health
problem and an emerging Gram-negative MDROs commonly
associated with severe systemic and respiratory infections in human.
MDR is an unavoidable natural phenomenon which compels
continuous discovery of newer drugs causing serious public health
problems. Various mechanisms involved in MDR include alteration in
the cell membrane composition of microorganism resulting in
decreased permeability and uptake of drugs into the cell [20],
overexpression of drug target enzymes or altered the drug target
through mutation [21], and drug efflux pumps remains the
predominant mechanism in MDRO [22]. Now a days, S. maltophilia
acquires resistance against broad range of antimicrobials, including
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, β-lactam antibiotics, macrolides,
cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, carbapenems,
chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and polymyxins. Due to this, use of
combination therapy is suggested rather than monotherapy against S.
maltophilia infection. Amikacin is the best drug of choice in
combination with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole due to its high
activity and favorite outcomes [23]. Our results showed a change in
sensitivity pattern of amikacin from resistant to intermediate (R→I)
along with changes in sensitivity of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
(i.e. S→R) and chloramphenicol (i.e. S→I). Apart from this, sensitivity
pattern of ceftazidime levofloxacin, and ticarcillin/k-clavulanate also
changed from I→R. Above antimicrobials are the newer combination
strategy against treatment of S. maltophilia infection [24,25]. These
results suggest that biofield treatment possibly made some alterations
either in some enzymatic pathways of microorganism or a change at
genetic level, which leads to alter the phenotypic features of S.
maltophilia like sensitivity pattern and MIC values in biofield treated
group.
S. maltophilia has the ability to survive in nutrient-poor aqueous
medium or environment. Typical biochemical reactions of S.
maltophilia showed negative responses in case of oxidase, indole,
arabinose, rhamnose, hydrogen sulfide, and Voges-Proskauer [26]. In
this study, similar pattern was shown in control group in tested
microbe, but biofield treatment has changed the biochemical reaction
pattern from negative to positive reaction in case of adonitol,
arabinose, colistin, glucose, melibiose, nitrate, oxidation-fermentation,
raffinose, rhaminose, sorbitol, sucrose, and Voges-Proskauer as
compared with control. Biotyping was performed using an automated
system and found a significant changed in biotype number (04262330)
in treated group on day 10, and organism identified as Enterobacter
aerogenes (77304366) after biofield treatment.
A major challenge for research in microbiology and MDROs is its
ability to adapt to the local environment and alter the antimicrobial
activities. Due to MDR infections, development of new treatment
approach is required. Biofield treatment as an alternate and
complementary medicine, increasingly used in biomedical health care
system [27]. However, National Center for Complementary and
Alternative Medicine/National Institute of Health (NCCAM/NIH),
now defined biofield therapies in subcategory of energy therapies as
one of the five complementary medicine domains [28]. Mr. Trivedi’s
biofield treatments in pathogenic microbes were extensively studied
and had shown significant alteration in the antimicrobial sensitivity
pattern, biochemical reactions, and biotype number [15-17]. Biofield
treatment might be responsible to do alteration in microorganism at
genetic level and/or enzymatic level, which may act on receptor
protein. While altering receptor protein, ligand-receptor/protein
interactions may also alter that could lead to show different
phenotypic characteristics. Hence a cascade of intra-cellular signals
may be initiated, accelerated or inhibited [29]. These results indicate
that biofield treatment has altered the sensitivity pattern of
antimicrobials which leads to alter the phenotypic features of S.
maltophilia. Considering that there are no side effects in the biofield
treatment, as experimentally proofed in other reports of cancer model,
stress management, and in healing process by biofield energy. The
study results indicate that biofield treatment significantly altered the
sensitivity pattern and biotype number of S. maltophilia.
Conclusion
Present study concludes there was a significant impact of biofield
treatment of susceptibility pattern of antimicrobials, biochemical
reactions, and biotype number of MDR strain of S. maltophilia. On the
basis of above results, future studies can be designed with respect to
genotypic identification of new microorganism, or biofield treatment
modality could be further evaluated on the basis of different distance
and time interval against pathogenic microbes, viruses, parasites, cell
lines etc. Biofield treatment could be applied in future to alter the
sensitivity of antimicrobials, which may be useful, if resistant profile is
changed in to sensitive against antimicrobials used for multidrug
resistant organisms.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Citation: Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug
Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen. Clin Microbiol 4: 211. doi:
10.4172/2327-5073.1000211
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Clin Microbiol
ISSN:2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000211
5. Acknowledgement
Authors gratefully acknowledged the whole team of PD Hinduja
National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, Microbiology Lab for their
support.
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Citation: Trivedi MK, Patil S, Shettigar H, Gangwar M, Jana S (2015) An Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Susceptibility Pattern of Multidrug
Resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: An Emerging Global Opportunistic Pathogen. Clin Microbiol 4: 211. doi:
10.4172/2327-5073.1000211
Page 5 of 5
Clin Microbiol
ISSN:2327-5073 CMO, an open access journal
Volume 4 • Issue 4 • 1000211