It is the project of ball bearing .Ball bearingg is more importance in our daily life.This project is prepared uet students

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TITLE MINI PROJECT
ANLYSIS OF BALL BEARING
NAME REG
FAZALE WADOOD 17PWMEC4423
ABDUL SABOOR 17PWMEC4438
HIDAYATULLAH 17PWMEC4439
DEPTT MECHANICAL ENGINERRRING UET PESHAWAR.
SUBMITTED TO PROF DR MUHAMMAD IRFAN MUFTI .

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Table of Contents
BEARING BALL: ............................................................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION: ............................................................................................................................. 4
BEARING:..................................................................................................................................... 4
BEARING BALL:............................................................................................................................ 4
DIAGRAM:................................................................................................................................... 4
MATERIALS OF BALL BEARING:...................................................................................................... 4
TYPES OF BEARING BALL:............................................................................................................... 5
DEEP GROOVE BALL BEARING:................................................................................................. 5
ANGULAR BALL BEARING:.......................................................................................................... 5
THRUST BALL BEARING:.............................................................................................................. 6
IMPORTANCE OF MY PROJECT:..................................................................................................... 6
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF FAILURE:..................................................................................................... 7
Cause of list which cannot investigate:........................................................................................ 8
MATHEMATICAL MODELNG........................................................................................................... 8
CONCLUSION: ............................................................................................................................... 10
RECOMMENDATIONS:.................................................................................................................. 10
REFERENCES:........................................................................................................................
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ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................
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ABSTRACT:
BALLBEARING HASMORE IMPORTANCE IN PRESENTLIFE .IT IS
USING IN DIFFERENT KIND OFWHEELSAND MACHINESFOR SMOOTH
MOVING PURPOSE. THIS DISCUSSION IS ABOUT THE FAILURE CAUSE OF
THE BEARING.IN THISBEARING BALLSARE LOOSE AND BREAK WHICH
WASTHE MAIN CAUSE OF FAILURE. WE DONE HERE MATHMATICAL
MODELING AND FIND THE LIFE OF BEARING BALL AND SHEAR STRESSS
AND STRENGHTIN WHICH THE STRESS IS GREATER THEN THE SHEAR
STRENGHTDUE TO Which THE FAILURE CAUSE.
conclusion
 I conclude that we cannot use any type of machine without
the ball bearing because ball bearing is main part for
running and make a machine moving easily.
 Therefore ball bearings are used in a lot of different
mechanical devices and are very important to make different
applications durable, noiseless and efficient.
Recommendations
 Bearings should be mounted with a press fit on the rotating
ring.
 Use a bearing with rings made of aluminum.
 Prvent of excess load.

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BEARING BALL:
INTRODUCTION:
BEARING:
A Bearing is a device that support load and reduces the friction of
motion between moving machine parts.
BEARING BALL:
A bearing is type of rolling element bearing which uses balls to maintain
the separation between the moving parts of the bearing.
The purposeof a ball bearing is to reduce rotational friction and support
axial and radial loads.
DIAGRAM
MATERIALS OF BALL BEARING:
Metalsand Alloys
(1) Bronze(2) Cast iron (3) Steel (4) Silver (5) Copper based alloys (6)
Aluminum Based materials.
Non- Metal
(1)Wood (2) Rubber (3) Plastics

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TYPES OF BEARING BALL:
There are the following types of ball bearing.
DEEP GROOVE BALL BEARING:
 Deep grooveradial Bearing is one in which the race dimensions
are close to the dimensions of the ball that run in it .
 Primarily radial load carrying .
ANGULAR BALL BEARING:
 Contact angle 10 to 45.
 Angular contact bearing better supportcombined loads. The angle of
contact on inner race is the same as that on the outer race.

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THRUST BALL BEARING:
 A THRUST BALL is a particular type of rotary bearing. Like other
rotary bearingsthey permit rotationbetweenparts, but they are
designed to support a high axial load while doing this.
IMPORTANCE OF MY PROJECT:
THE IMPORTANCE OF MY PROJECT OF BEARING BALL IS
FOLLOWING:
I. Low starting and running frictionexcept at very high speed.
II. Accurracy of shaft alignment.
III. Reliablity of service.
IV. Easy to m ount.
V. Smootly motion of wheel.

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POSSIBLE CAUSES OF FAILURE:
There are the following possible causes of failure
Lubrication Failure:
Bearing ball failuresare caused by improper lubrication. use of
improper lubricantsor excessive temperaturesthat degradethe
lubricant.
Contamination Failure:
Contaminationiscaused by foreignsubstancesgetting into
bearing lubricantsor cleaning solutions.
Improper Mounting Failure:
bearingsshould be mounted with a pressfit on the rotating ring.
corrosion Failure:
Redlbrown areas on balls, raceways, cages, or bandsof ball
bearingsare symptoms of corrosion.
Electrical Damage (Fluting):
evenwith low currents, can lead to electrical damage.
Fatigue (Spalling):
the result of overloading, anexcessive preload, tightinner-
ring fits.
Excessive Loads:

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Putting too much load ona bearing is another commoncause of
failure.
Overheating:
over heating is another cause of failure.
Cause of list which cannot investigate:
Over heating:
over heating is the failure cause of ball bearing
which cannot investigate at this time because we
does not know about the perfect heat.
Excessive loads:
Excessive loads is the failure cause of ball bearing
which cannot investigate at this time because we
can not say about suitable load.
MATHEMATICAL MODELNG
ASSUMPTIONS:
BEARING LIFE:
LIFE -number of revolution at constant speed.

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RATING LIFE- define the number of revolution per at constant
speed in such a way taht 90% of of the bearing tested will complete
before the first evidence of failure develops.L(10) this is know as life.
For ball bearing life
L10 = 500 (hours)x 33.33 (rpm)x 60 = 106 = 1 million revolutions
Basic Dynamic Load Rating, C Rating Life L10 90% – constant radial
load that a group of bearings can carry for L10 life
L10 = (C / F) a , a = 3 for ball bearings and a = 10/3
Loading diagram:
Formula for stress:
shear stress=16T/πdᶾ
by putting the all value
N=2000cycle/sec , p=2πNT p =26856W
T=2.1382NM ,
shear stress=391.543MPa
shear strength for almunium=207 MPa
comparing shear strength with shear stress:

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Conclusion :Here we conclude that the shear stress(391.543MPa) of
ball bearing is greater than the shear strenght(207 MPa) .
Therefore the bearing break.
CONCLUSION:
 I concludethat we cannot use any type of machine without the ball
bearing because ball bearing is main part for runningand makea
machine movingeasily.
 Therefore ball bearings are used in a lot of different
mechanical devices and are very important to make different
applications durable, noiseless and efficient.
 Without the ball bearing of wheel cannot move smoothly.
 Without the ball bearing it cause the firction.
 Low friction giving low power loss and cool running characteristics.
 using the ball bearing as a force transducer.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1)HIGH TEMPERATURE:
Use bearings of high temperature tool steel to withstand the applied
loads at the high operating temperature.
2)LUBERICATION:
Use a suitable luberication.
3)Excessive Loads:
Prevent of excessive load.

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4)METAL:
Use a best metal which prevent from corrosion.
5) Mounting:
Bearings should be mounted with a press fit on the rotating ring.
Use a bearing with rings made of aluminum.
REFERENCES:
1) Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design by Richard G.Budynas and J.Keith
Nisbett; See Chapter No. 11
2) www.bearings.com
3) www.bocabearing.com

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