The document discusses the importance and uses of visual aids in communication. It notes that visual aids like illustrations, tables, graphs and diagrams are more effective than plain text alone. They help reduce space, increase understanding and make complex ideas and data more easily comprehensible. The document also provides examples of different types of visual aids like tables, bar graphs, flowcharts and maps and discusses when and how they should be used.

2.  Visual aids, generally referred to as an illustration,
is a visual representation such as a drawing,
painting, photograph, or other work of art that
stresses the subject more than form.
To understand its necessity let us perform two
activities.
 Technical reports, like laboratory reports, project
reports, or feasibility reports, include illustrations
such as tables, graphs, maps, diagrams, charts, or
photographs.

3. Consider this passage :
In a blood bank, there are total of 33 units of different
blood groups. There are 12 units of O+ve blood,
7 units of A+ blood, 4 units of A- blood, 8 units of B+
blood, 9 units of AB+ blood, 3 units of AB- blood and
no units of B- blood.

5. Now consider this passage :
In a locality, the percentage of men and women is
recorded every decade. It is done for 10 consecutive
decades and the records are as follows:
68% of men and 32% of women were present in 1960.
In 1970, it was recorded that 63% of men and 37% of
women lived in the locality. In 1980, men comprised
73% and women 27%. 67% of men and 33% of
women population was recorded in 1990. In 2000, it
was recorded that 61% were men and 39% were
women. 51% of men and 49% of women were
recorded in 2010. In 2020, it is recorded that 46% are
men and 54% are women.

6.  Visual aids reduces the space and increases the efficiency of communication.

7. 1) Laptop
2) Aero plane
3) Mouse
4) Notebook
5) Calculator
6) Speaker
7) Photo Frame
8) Billiards
9) Coconut
10)Kettle

10.  The human brain is more responsive towards illustrations than letters and words.

11. Concepts
Depicts non-physical, conceptual things and their relationships. To
show how a company is organized, that is, the relationships between
the different departments and officials, organization chart—boxes
and circles connected with lines that show how everything is
hierarchically arranged and related.
Objects
Photographs, drawings, diagrams, and schematics are the types of
graphics that show objects. To describe a fuel-injection system, we
probably need a drawing or diagram to explain the system
properly.

12. Numbers
Numbers are used while presenting data and statistics. If you are
discussing the rising cost of housing in a particular city, you
could use a table, with the columns showing the data for five
year periods since 1995.
Words
Graphics are also used to depict words. You have probably
noticed how textbooks put key definitions and examples in
boxes with words.

13. To further understand visual aids, let us answer the following
questions:
• When to use?
• How to use?
• Why to use?
• What are the types?
Illustrations are very effective when there is a mass of statistics and
complex ideas to be represented. Statistical data is best explained
through tables, graphs, charts, maps, diagrams, or photographs.
When ?

14. • Arouses interest and focuses on essentials
• Leads the reader to quicker comprehension
• Supports and reinforces words
• Saves much time and effort in explaining complex ideas
• Explains the data in much lesser space but with greater accuracy
• Simplifies numerical data
• Emphasizes and clarifies certain facts and relationships
• Makes the descriptions vivid and eye-catching
• Renders a professional flavour to the communication
Why ?

15. • neat, accurate, and self-contained
• appropriate to the data
• labelled completely
• self-contained
• integrated with the text
• placed as close to the first reference as possible
• sized appropriately so that they are clear even upon reproduction
• such that they create a good balance between the verbal and the visual
How ?

17.  A Table is a representation of data in vertical and horizontal
subsets called columns and rows respectively.
 Numerical and statistical data are usually represented in the form
of tables. Sometimes, data in the form of phrases are also
represented in a table.
 There are three types of tables :
i) Independent Tables
ii) Dependent Tables
iii) Phrase Tables

20. Line graphs
Line graphs are used to show continuous change with respect to time.
For example, the increase, decrease, or no change in temperature along
with time can be depicted through a line graph.

21. Bar graphs
Bar graphs are effective in emphasizing the comparison of various
data items. They can be used to depict the quantity of different items
during the same period or the same item during different periods.

22. Scatter Plots
A scatter graph is used to show the correlation between two variables.
Usually, dots (•) or crosses (×) are used to represent the data. The
association or dependency of the variables depends upon four factors:
Direction, Curvature, Variation and Outliers.

23. Pictograms are similar to bar graphs, with figures or small
pictures plotted instead of bars. The pictures are chosen in
accordance with the variables represented.
Pictogram/ Pictorial graph

24. Area graphs
Area graphs can be used to show how something changes over time.
Usually, the x axis represents the time period and the y axis
represents the variable being measured. These graphs also help to
compare trends over a period of time.

25.  Charts are often used to make it easier to understand large
quantities of data and the relationships between different
parts of the data.
 In technical documents, drawings and diagrams are used to
depict the objects, processes, circuits, etc. that are being
described. Diagrams can be used to show the normal,
sectional, or cut-away view of an object.

26. Organization Chart

27. Flowchart

28. Photographs
Photographs are often used in feasibility, recommendation, and
evaluation reports.

29.  Maps graphically represent spatial relationships on plane
surfaces. They are used to establish a frame of reference and
to facilitate the understanding of spatial relationships that are
difficult to describe in words, especially to serve as
navigational aid.
 Maps can be represented for any area irrespective of its size.
In Communication, maps are considered as the most
important visual aid, as it could give lots of information
about a large geographical area in a small piece of paper.
• Sky map
• World map
• Political map
• State map
• City map
• Layout map