anabaena and azolla power point presentation
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Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exist as plankton. They are known for nitrogen-fixing abilities, and they form symbiotic relationships with certain plants, such as the mosquito fern. Azolla (mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern) is a genus of seven species of aquatic ferns in the family Salviniaceae. They are extremely reduced in form and specialized, looking nothing like other typical ferns but more resembling duckweed or some mosses.
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Azolla anabaena association
Azolla is an aquatic fern that forms a symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae. Anabaena azollae lives within cavities in Azolla's leaves and is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, which it shares with the plant. This association increases the nitrogen-fixing ability of Anabaena azollae. Azolla-Anabaena mats can be used as green manure for agriculture, improving soil fertility and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.
Azolla ppt
The document presents a presentation on Azolla culture, an aquatic fern that can be cultivated for its economic and nutritional value as a supplemental feed for livestock. It describes the structure, classification, growth requirements, cultivation process, and limitations of growing Azolla. The cultivation of Azolla in a 6x4 pond area can yield 800-900 grams of fresh Azolla per day, providing nutritional and economic benefits.
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Azolla ppt
Azolla is an aquatic fern that fixes atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria. It can be cultivated for use as a green manure in rice production systems. When applied to rice fields, azolla increases soil nitrogen levels and can reduce the need for nitrogen fertilizer by 30-40%, while increasing rice yields by 20-30%. Azolla contains 5% nitrogen and other nutrients and grows rapidly, multiplying to form a thick mat. It is usually applied to rice fields as a green manure before transplanting rice or grown together with rice in a dual cropping system to supply nitrogen over the growth period.
Types of biofertilizers
1. The document discusses various types of biofertilizers including Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Blue Green Algae, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, and organic matter decomposers.
2. It describes how each works to fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, or decompose organic matter to improve soil fertility and enhance crop growth.
3. The advantages of biofertilizers are that they can replace chemical fertilizers, are pollution free, and help increase crop productivity while maintaining soil health.
Azolla
Azolla is a small aquatic fern that harbors nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria called Anabaena azollae within specialized leaf cavities. When used as a green manure for rice cultivation, Azolla can fix 40-60 kg of nitrogen per hectare and increase rice yields by 55% by supplementing 50-75% of the nitrogen needs of the crop. The cyanobacteria Anabaena azollae lives symbiotically within Azolla leaves and is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen through specialized cells called heterocysts, converting it into a form usable by plants. When incorporated into flooded rice fields before planting, the nitrogen fixed by Azolla promotes rice growth and reduces the need for chemical nitrogen fertilizers.
Rhizobium
It is a biofertilizer that contains symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria which is the most important nitrogen-fixing organism. These organisms have the ability to drive atmospheric Nitrogen and provide it to plants. It is recommended for crops such as Groundnut, Soybean, Red-gram, Green-gram, Black-gram, Lentil, Cowpea, Bengal-gram and Fodder legumes, etc.
Azotobacter spp.
The document describes isolating and identifying Azotobacter species from a soil sample. It discusses enriching the soil in Ashby's Mannitol Broth for a week to activate nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Colonies were then streaked on the broth and incubated for 4-6 days. Gram staining identified gram-negative cells with a red color and capsule staining showed transparent capsules around violet cells, indicating motility. The colonies were creamy white, raised, circular and mucoid, consistent with Azotobacter.
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Azolla anabaena association
Azolla is an aquatic fern that forms a symbiotic relationship with the cyanobacterium Anabaena azollae. Anabaena azollae lives within cavities in Azolla's leaves and is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen, which it shares with the plant. This association increases the nitrogen-fixing ability of Anabaena azollae. Azolla-Anabaena mats can be used as green manure for agriculture, improving soil fertility and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.
Azolla ppt
The document presents a presentation on Azolla culture, an aquatic fern that can be cultivated for its economic and nutritional value as a supplemental feed for livestock. It describes the structure, classification, growth requirements, cultivation process, and limitations of growing Azolla. The cultivation of Azolla in a 6x4 pond area can yield 800-900 grams of fresh Azolla per day, providing nutritional and economic benefits.
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Azolla ppt
Azolla is an aquatic fern that fixes atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria. It can be cultivated for use as a green manure in rice production systems. When applied to rice fields, azolla increases soil nitrogen levels and can reduce the need for nitrogen fertilizer by 30-40%, while increasing rice yields by 20-30%. Azolla contains 5% nitrogen and other nutrients and grows rapidly, multiplying to form a thick mat. It is usually applied to rice fields as a green manure before transplanting rice or grown together with rice in a dual cropping system to supply nitrogen over the growth period.
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1. The document discusses various types of biofertilizers including Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Blue Green Algae, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, and organic matter decomposers.
2. It describes how each works to fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize phosphorus, or decompose organic matter to improve soil fertility and enhance crop growth.
3. The advantages of biofertilizers are that they can replace chemical fertilizers, are pollution free, and help increase crop productivity while maintaining soil health.
Azolla
Azolla is a small aquatic fern that harbors nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria called Anabaena azollae within specialized leaf cavities. When used as a green manure for rice cultivation, Azolla can fix 40-60 kg of nitrogen per hectare and increase rice yields by 55% by supplementing 50-75% of the nitrogen needs of the crop. The cyanobacteria Anabaena azollae lives symbiotically within Azolla leaves and is able to fix atmospheric nitrogen through specialized cells called heterocysts, converting it into a form usable by plants. When incorporated into flooded rice fields before planting, the nitrogen fixed by Azolla promotes rice growth and reduces the need for chemical nitrogen fertilizers.
Rhizobium
It is a biofertilizer that contains symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria which is the most important nitrogen-fixing organism. These organisms have the ability to drive atmospheric Nitrogen and provide it to plants. It is recommended for crops such as Groundnut, Soybean, Red-gram, Green-gram, Black-gram, Lentil, Cowpea, Bengal-gram and Fodder legumes, etc.
Azotobacter spp.
The document describes isolating and identifying Azotobacter species from a soil sample. It discusses enriching the soil in Ashby's Mannitol Broth for a week to activate nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Colonies were then streaked on the broth and incubated for 4-6 days. Gram staining identified gram-negative cells with a red color and capsule staining showed transparent capsules around violet cells, indicating motility. The colonies were creamy white, raised, circular and mucoid, consistent with Azotobacter.
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Azolla is a small free-floating aquatic fern that grows on water surfaces. It has a symbiotic relationship with a nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium. Azolla prefers warm temperatures, partial sunlight, and nutrient-rich water. It is used as a biofertilizer in rice paddies and organic farming to fix nitrogen and increase crop yields. Herbicides can be used to control heavy infestations, but the weevil Stenopelmus rufinasus has also been used successfully as a biological control agent in some areas.
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Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria that exists as plankton. They perform oxygenic photosynthesis and are able to fix nitrogen. Anabaena has filamentous structures consisting of strings of beaded cells, including heterocysts that convert nitrogen to ammonia. Certain species of Anabaena form symbiotic relationships with plants and some produce toxins. Anabaena is believed to have produced much of Earth's oxygen and studies of its hydrogen production could provide renewable energy.
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- Pathogens threaten global crop production and excessive fungicide use pollutes the environment and leads to resistance, so alternative biological control methods are needed.
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anabaena and azolla power point presentation
- 1. ANABAENA & AZOLLA Paradava Jaydip Sardar Patel university
- 2. ALGAE : ANABAENA • Anabaena is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae.
- 3. STRUCTURE OF ANABAENA • It has filamentous structure. Its filament resembles the filament of Nostoc. • The filaments of Nostoc are covered by mucilage and form a colony which is absent in Anabaena. The filament of Anabaena consists of string of beaded cells. • Several intercalary heterocysts are present in the trichome. • Heterocysts are of same shape as of vegetative cell. • The filaments are ordinarily straight. But they may be circinate or irregular. • Filaments occur singly within a sheath. Sheaths are always hyaline and watery gelatinous.
- 4. ITS CELLS HAVE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS: • Each cell has outer cell wall. This wall consists of three layers. • The inner layer is thin cellular layer, medium is pectic layer and outer is mucilage layer. • The peripheral of the protoplasm is composed of part called chromoplasm. It contains pigment. Hence it is colored. The central colourless part of protoplasm contains nucleus like material called central body or chromatin granules. • Heterocysts are of same shape as of vegetative cell. • Golgi bodies, encoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are absent in their
- 5. • Heterocysts are the point at which the filament breaks into hormogones. • Heterocysts convert nitrogen into ammonia. • Hormogones may also formed by the breaking of filament or decay of filament at some other points.
- 8. AZOLLA • Azolla /mosquito fern/ duckweed fern/ fairy moss/ water fern is a free floating aquatic ferns and is genus which belongs to family Salviniaceae. • It grows in fresh water and is naturally available mostly on moist soils, ditches marshy ponds and is widely distributed in tropical belts of India.
- 9. STRUCTURE OF AZOLLA Shape of Indian species is typically triangular measuring about 1.5 to 3.0 cm in length 1 to 2 cm in breadth. • Roots emanating from growing branches remained suspended in water. • The dorsal lobe which remains exposed to air is having a specific cavity containing its symbiotic partner, a Blue Green Algae (BGA), the Anabaena azollae. • The fern is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the soil in the form of NH4+ and becomes available as a soluble nitrogen for the cultured species.
- 10. • Classification (Taxonomy) • Kingdom : Plantae • Division :Pteridophyta • Class : Polypodiopsida/ Pteridopsida • Order : Salvinales • Family : Salvinaceae • Genus : Azolla • Sub Genus : Eu-Azolla
- 11. REQUIREMENTS FOR AZOLLA GROWTH Water: 10-15 cm fresh current water is necessary in multiplication pond. Maintenance of adequate water level (at least 4 inches in the pond) is essential. Temperature: Day/night temperatures ranging between 32ºC and 20ºC have found to be most favorable. The optimum temperature for luxurious growth of Azolla is 25-30˚C. Light: It prefers to grow well under partial shade. Relative Humidity: The optimum relative humidity requirement is 85 to 90 per cent. Soil pH: Azolla grows well in slightly acidic soil having 5.2 to 5.8 pH. Nutrition: Being an N fixing fern Azolla does not require nitrogenous fertilizer for its growth. Phosphorous @20 kg/ha is desirable for good bio-mass production.
- 12. Steps of Azolla Culture Selection of pond location Pond size and construction Production of Azolla Maintenance of the pond Harvesting and feeding Yield of Azolla Economics of Azolla Cultivation
- 13. LIMITATIONS OF AZOLLA CULTIVATION • Water is pre-requisite for it’s multiplication . so it is not suitable for upland crop. • Huge quantity of inoculums is required which is difficult for transplanting action during rainy days. • Temperature more than 35°C is not suitable. • Extreme low temperature is also not suitable. • Non availability of technology to use Azolla as dry inoculum. • Non availability of varieties suitable for higher temperature with low pH application. • Initial cost of cultivation is high. Market for azolla is not so popular. • Ignorance of people about benefit of Azolla.