Vermicomposting is a process of composting organic wastes using earthworms. Certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the waste conversion process and produce a better quality compost. Red earthworms are commonly used as they efficiently convert organic matter into vermicompost within 45-50 days through their burrowing, castings and intestinal secretions. Vermicompost contains more nutrients in readily available forms compared to traditional compost and improves soil health, structure, fertility and plant growth.
Composting is nature's process of recycling decomposed organic materials into a rich soil known as compost. Anything that was once living will decompose
Vermicomposting :- Vermicomposting is a method of making compost with the use of earthworms which generally live in the soil eat biomass and excrete it is digested form .This compost is generally called vermicompost
Vermiculture :- vermiculture means scientific method of breeding and raising earthworms in controlled condition
Materials required for vermicomposting prepration
Composting is nature's process of recycling decomposed organic materials into a rich soil known as compost. Anything that was once living will decompose
Vermicomposting :- Vermicomposting is a method of making compost with the use of earthworms which generally live in the soil eat biomass and excrete it is digested form .This compost is generally called vermicompost
Vermiculture :- vermiculture means scientific method of breeding and raising earthworms in controlled condition
Materials required for vermicomposting prepration
To achieve sustainable agricultural production it is imperative to explore alternative integrated soil and nutrient management systems with minimum environmental degradation. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) aims at maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility and plant nutrient supply to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through optimization of benefit from all possible sources of plant nutrients in an integrated manner (Roy and Ange, 1991). Continuous and imbalanced use of fertilizers under intensive agricultural cultivation had adverse impact on the soil. Use of bio and organic fertilizers and adherence to ecofriendly land management practice enhances crop production and sustains soil fertility (Sailaja and Usha, 2002). Keeping these in view, INM practice is seen as a viable option in restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Sources such as nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizers, mycorrhize and other beneficial organisms contribute to enhance efficient uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003).
INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield.
Apart from this, agroforestry interventions through integration of suitable trees, soil improvement through cover cropping, soil and water conservation measures etc can be potential INM strategies that can be practiced to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). The success of INM depends on the judicious use of the right combination of INM component suitable for a particular land use system.
To achieve sustainable agricultural production it is imperative to explore alternative integrated soil and nutrient management systems with minimum environmental degradation. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) aims at maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility and plant nutrient supply to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through optimization of benefit from all possible sources of plant nutrients in an integrated manner (Roy and Ange, 1991). Continuous and imbalanced use of fertilizers under intensive agricultural cultivation had adverse impact on the soil. Use of bio and organic fertilizers and adherence to ecofriendly land management practice enhances crop production and sustains soil fertility (Sailaja and Usha, 2002). Keeping these in view, INM practice is seen as a viable option in restoring the soil physical structure and chemical fertility, improving soil organic C and therefore, sustaining the system productivity. Sources such as nitrogen fixers, phosphate solubilizers, mycorrhize and other beneficial organisms contribute to enhance efficient uptake of plant nutrients (Gupta et al., 2003).
INM tries to reduce the need for chemical fertilizers by taking advantages of non-chemical sources of nutrients such as the manures, composts and bio-fertilizers (Gopalasundaram et al., 2012). Bio-fertilizers application not only increases plants growth and yield, but increase soil microbial population and activity; resulting in improved soil fertility (Ramesh et al., 2014). They include free-living bacteria which promote plant growth even in polluted soils. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Thiobacillus are examples of these bacteria (Zahir et al., 2004). Niess (2002) reported that plant growth promoting bacteria reduced the toxicity of heavy metals and increased plant growth and yield.
Apart from this, agroforestry interventions through integration of suitable trees, soil improvement through cover cropping, soil and water conservation measures etc can be potential INM strategies that can be practiced to sustain yield, minimize risk, utilize the lag phase, and improve productivity (Rao, 2000). The success of INM depends on the judicious use of the right combination of INM component suitable for a particular land use system.
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A TEXT BOOK : Complete and comprehensive inputs in Learning about Biogas and Biogas digestors:We have tried to take the mystery away from biogas.
Biogas is a renewable energy source with many different production pathways and various excellent opportunities to use.
One main advantage of biogas is the waste reduction potential. Biogas production by anaerobic digestion is popular for treating biodegradable waste because valuable fuel can be produced while destroying disease-causing pathogens and reducing the volume of disposed waste products.
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Thus, biogas production kills two birds with one stone: it reduces waste and produces energy. In addition, the residues from the digestation process can be used as high quality fertilizer. This closes the nutrient cycle.
ORGANIC FARMING : COMMON ORGANIC MANURES SMGsajigeorge64
A brief account of common organic manures - Bone meal, cow dung, poultry wastes, oil cakes, organic mixtures, compost and vermicompost, vermiwash , advantages and disadvantages of composting & vermicomposting.
In recent years, it is no doubt that in India, where on one side pollution is increasing day by day due to accumulation of organic waste and on the other side there is a great shortage of organic manure.
It has been estimated that India, as a whole, generates as much as 25 million tonnes of urban solid waste of diverse composition per year. Solid waste comprises of both organic and inorganic matter.
Under the present condition of environmental degradation, vermicomposting technology is the best way to meet all the requirements of the society. This is a process of recycling trash/agricultural wastes in an efficient and eco-friendly manner in order to produce quality compost.
Organic wastes can be broken down and fragmented rapidly by earthworms, resulting in a stable non-toxic material with good structure, which has a potentially high economic value and also acts as a soil conditioner for plant growth.
It is a type of composting in which worms eat and metabolize organic matter that comprises to a better end product known as Vermicast (commonly called as BLACK GOLD) which has a stuff of nutrients that can be directly incorporated into the soil to help with plant fertilization, soil enrichment and soil stability.From a social point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Improve the social status of the individuals and the community.
Create motivation for people to live in the countryside by providing job
opportunities and business plans.
From a hygienic point of view, organic fertilizers will:
Produce chemical-free crops which will improve people's health.
Reduce the danger of lung diseases and other diseases resulting from burning the organic wastes in the field.EPIGEIC EARTHWORMS:
Earthworms of this group cannot make burrows in the soil. They can only move through crevices of the surface. They feed exclusively on decomposing organic wastes.
ENDOGEIC EARTHWORMS:
They are subsoil dwellers. Secretions of body wall of earthworms cement and smoothen the walls of the burrows and protect the wall from collapsing easily. They move below 30cm or more in the soil
ANECIC EARTHWORMS:
They are found in the soil, which is not frequently disturbed. They make very complicated burrows in the sol and they firmly pack their burrow walls with their castings. The Anecic earthworms like Epigeic earthworms are commonly found in temperate countries.Vermicompost is an excellent soil additive made up of digested compost. Worm castings are much higher in nutrients and microbial life and therefore, are considered as a higher value product. Worm castings contain up to 5 times the plant available nutrients. It not only adds microbial organisms and nutrients that have long lasting residual effects, it also modulates structure to the existing soil, increases water retention capacity. Vermicompost contains an average of 1.5% - 2.2% N, 1.8% - 2.2% P and 1.0% - 1.5% K. The organic carbon is ranging from 9.15 to 17.98 and contains micronutrients Nitrogen, phosphorus, Potassium..
Vermitechnology means rearing of earthworms. earthworm is friend of farmer. earthworm is doing a great job and also produced a good organic manure is called vermicompost. vermicompost is a biofertilzer. which is enhancing soil qualities. This is explained earthworm biology, importance and preparation of vermicompost, vermiwash, panchgavya and their importance.
Composting presentation of Amandeep Singh Marahar, Student of MGC Fatehgarh S...AmandeepSingh1590
I'm student of Mata Gujri College Fatehgarh Sahib, Sirhind (Punjab).
My district is Sangrur (Punjab),Teh - Dhuri, Village - Ghanaur kalan.
I'm Student of Masters of Fruit Science.
Mobile no. 6284235755
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2. • Definition
• Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological process of
composting, in which certain species of earthworms are
used to enhance the process of waste conversion and
produce a better product.
• Vermicomposting is a method of preparing enriched
compost with the use of earthworms. It is one of the
easiest methods to recycle agricultural wastes and to
produce quality compost.
3.
4.
5. Biological advantages In many soils, these play major role in converting large
pieces of organic matter into rich humus and thus
improving soil fertility
Burrowing activities The earthworm is of great value in keeping soil structure open,
creating multitude of channels that allow processes of both
aeration and drainage to occur
Earthworm castings In home garden, the presence of earthworm castings provide 5
to 11 times more nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium as the
surrounding soil
Secretions in intestinal tracts of
earthworms
This help in making nutrients more concentrated as well as
readily available for plant uptake including micro nutrients
6. • Decomposable organic wastes such as animal
excreta, kitchen waste, farm residues and forest litter
are commonly used as composting materials.
• In general, animal dung mostly cow dung and dried
chopped crop residues are the key raw materials.
• Mixture of leguminous and non-leguminous crop
residues enriches the quality of vermicompost.
8. Red earthworm is
preferred because of
its high multiplication
rate and thereby
converts the organic
matter into
vermicompost within
45-50 days.
Since it is a surface
feeder it converts
organic materials into
vermicompost from top.
9. • Characters Eisenia foetida
• Body length 3-10cm
• Body weight 0.4-0.6g
• Maturity 50-55days
• Conversion rate 2.0 q/1500worms/2 months
• Cocoon production 1 in every 3 days
• Incubation of co coon 20-23days
10. Amount of production and composting structures.
• Small-scale vermicomposting:
personal requirement (5-10 tonnes of
vermicompost annually).
• large-scale vermicomposting:
commercial scale (50 – 100 tonnes
annually)
11. • Bed method :
Composting is done on the pucca / kachcha
floor by making bed (6x2x2 feet size) of organic
mixture. This method is easy to maintain and to practice
• Pit method:
Composting is done in the cemented pits of size
5x5x3 feet. The unit is covered with thatch grass or
any other locally available materials. This method is not
preferred due to poor aeration, water logging at bottom,
and more cost of production.
12.
13.
14. Phas
e 1
: Processing involving collection of wastes, shredding, mechanical separation
of the metal, glass and ceramics and storage of organic wastes.
Phas
e 2
: Pre digestion of organic waste for twenty days by heaping the material along with
cattle dung slurry. This process partially digests the material and fit for earthworm
consumption. Cattle dung and biogas slurry may be used after drying. Wet dung
should not be used for vermicompost production.
Phas
e 3
: Preparation of earthworm bed. A concrete base is required to put the waste for
vermicompost preparation. Loose soil will allow the worms to go into soil and also
while watering, all the dissolvable nutrients go into the soil along with water.
Phas
e 4
: Collection of earthworm after vermicompost collection. Sieving the composted
material to separate fully composted material. The partially composted material will
be again put into vermicompost bed.
Phas
e 5
: Storing the vermicompost in proper place to maintain moisture and allow the
beneficial microorganisms to grow.
15.
16. • Vermicomposting unit should be in a cool, moist and
shady site .
• Cow dung and chopped dried leafy materials are
mixed in the proportion of 3: 1
• kept for partial decomposition for 15 – 20 days.
• A layer of 15-20cm of chopped dried leaves/grasses
should be kept as bedding material at the bottom of
the bed.
• Beds of partially decomposed material of size 6x2x2 feet
should be made
• Each bed should contain 1.5-2.0q of raw material
and the number of beds can be increased as per raw
material availability and requirement.
17. • Red earthworm (1500-2000) should be released on the
upper layer of bed.
• Water should be sprinkled with can immediately after the
release of worms.
• Beds should be kept moist by sprinkling of water
(daily) and b y covering with gunny bags/polythene
• Bed should be turned once after 30 days for
maintaining aeration and for proper decomposition.
• Compost gets ready in 45-50 days.
• The finished product is ¾ of the raw materials used.
18.
19. • When raw material is completely decomposed it
appears black and granular.
• Watering should be stopped as compost gets ready.
• The compost should be kept over a heap of partially
decomposed cow dung so that earthworms could
migrate to cow dung from compost.
• After two days compost can be separated and sieved for
use.
20. • The floor of the unit should be compact to prevent
earthworms’ migration into the soil.
• 15-20 days old cow dung should be used to avoid
excess heat.
• The organic wastes should be free from plastics,
chemicals, pesticides and metals etc.
• Aeration should be maintained for proper growth
and multiplication of earthworms.
• Optimum moisture level (30-40 %) should be maintained
18-25°C temperature should be maintained for proper
decomposition.
21. • Death of worms
• They are getting enough food----- food should be burried
into the bedding
• Food may be too dry---- moisture
• Food may be too wet--- bedding
• Worms may be too hot--- put bin in shade
• Bad smells
• No enough air circulation
• Dry bedding under and over the worms
• Turning of the food
22. • The level of nutrients in compost depends upon the
source of the raw material and the species of
earthworm. A fine worm cast is rich in N P K
besides other nutrients.
• Nutrients in vermicompost are in readily available
form and are released within a month of application.
23. • Parameters Content
• pH 6.8
• OC% 11.88
• OM% 20.46
• C/N ration 11.64
• Total Nitrogen (%) 1.02
• Available N (%) 0.50
• Available P (%) 0.30
• Available K (%) 0.24
• Ca (%) 0.17
• Mg (%) 0.06
25. • Vermicompost is rich in all essential plant nutrients.
• Provides excellent effect on overall plant growth, encourages the growth of new
shoots / leaves and improves the quality and shelf life of the produce.
• Vermicompost is free flowing, easy to apply, handle and store and does not have
bad odour.
• It improves soil structure, texture, aeration, and water holding capacity and
prevents soil erosion.
• Vermicompost is rich in beneficial micro flora such as a fixers, P- solubilizers,
cellulose decomposing micro-flora etc in addition to improve soil environment.
• Vermicompost contains earthworm cocoons and increases the population and
activity of earthworm in the soil.
• It neutralizes the soil protection.
• It prevents nutrient losses and increases the use efficiency of chemical
fertilizers.
• Vermicompost is free from pathogens, toxic elements, weed seeds etc.
• Vermicompost minimizes the incidence of pest and diseases.
• It enhances the decomposition of organic matter in soil.
• It contains valuable vitamins, enzymes and hormones like auxins, gibberellins