Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 79th issue, published on January, 2016.

1. @)!^ hgj/L
jif{ ^ c+s &(
o; c+sdf s] s] <
(What is inside ?)
à !$ /fHodf Hofnf a9of]===========!
(Min. wages raised in 14 states)
à gful/s k/LIffsf] c+u|]hL %=======#
(English section of Civic Test 5)
à /f]uk||lt/Iff k|0ffnL======================$
(Immune system)
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb $&==========$
(Most common Eng. words 47)
!$/fHodfGo'gtd Hofnf j[l4
ca @( /fHo / /fhwfgLdf a9L
ljleGg !$ j6f /fHo
;/sf/n] gofF jif{;Fu} -Ps
3G6f sfd u/]sf]_ Go'gtd
kfl/>lds÷Hofnf (Mini-
mum wage) a9fPsf 5g .
of] j[l4kl5 ca @( /fHodf
Ps 3G6f sfd ug]{n] Go'gtd
Hofnf -& 8n/ @% ;]G6;_
eGbf a9L kfpg] ePsf 5g .
;g @)!^ hgj/L !
b]lv o;/L Go'gtd Hofnf
a9fpg] rf}w /fHoM cnf:sf,
csf{G;, Soflnkmf]lg{of,
sf]nf]/f8f], sg]l6s6, xjfO{,
Dof;fRo';]6;, ldl;ug,
g]a|f:sf, Go'of]s{, /f]8
cfONof08, ;fpy 8sf]6f,
ed{G6, / j]:6 elh{lgof x'g .
Rajesh

2. @
@)!^hgj/L,jif{^c+s&(
of] j[l4df s] eof] <
ca Soflnkmf]lg{of /
Dof;fRo';]6;df ;aeGbf a9L
k|lt 3G6fsf] !) 8n/ k'u]sf]
5 . oL b'O{ /fHo Ps} k6s !
8n/ a9fP/ ;aeGbf a9L j[l4
ug]{ /fHo x'g . csf{G;n] %)
;]G6; yk]/ &=%) 8n/af6 *
8n/ k'¥ofPsf] 5 .
b'O{ /fHo b}lgs vr{ j[l4sf
sf/0f sf]nf]/f8f]df *=@# af6
*=#! 8n/ k'¥ofOPsf] xf] eg]
;fpy 8sf]6fdf *=%) 8n/af6
*=%% 8n/ k'¥ofOPsf] xf] .
sf]nf]/f8f]df * ;]G6; a9] h:t}
;aeGbf sd ;fpy 8sf]6fdf
% ;]G6; dfq a9]sf] xf] .
Go'of]s{ / j]:6 elh{lgofdf
eg] ;g @)!% l8;]Da/ #! s}
lbg 3G6fsf] Hofnf a9]sf] xf],
ToxfF qmdzM ( 8n/ / *=&%
8n/ kfl/Psf] 5 .
Go'gtdeGbf a9L sxfF <
oltsf j[l4 x'Fbf klg @(
/fHo / jfl;Ë6g l8;L (Wash-
ington DC) nufot b]zsf
sl/a b'O{ bh{g zx/ tyf
sfpG6L (County) df ;+3Lo
:t/sf] Go'gtd HofnfeGbf a9L
kfl/>lds 5 .
sd Hofnf ePsf /fHo
b'O{ /fHodf ;+3Lo Go'gtd–
eGbf sd Hofnf kfOG5 . tL
x'g,
à hlh{of (Georgia), /
à jfof]ldª (Wyoming) .
oL b'j} /fHodf Go'gtd
Hofnf % 8n/ !% ;]G6; 5 .
Hofnf gtf]lsPsf /fHo
Go'gtd Hofnf gtf]lsPsf
kfFr /fHo x'gM
à cnfafdf (Alabama),
à n'Olhofgf (Louisiana),
à ldl;l;kL (Mississippi),
à ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf
(South Carolina), /
à 6]g];L (Tennessee) .
;+3Lo Hofnfa/fa/
rf}w /fHodf ;+3Lo
;/sf/sf] Go'gtd Hofnf 5 .
of] Hofnf eGgfn] & 8n/ @%
;]G6; eGg] a'lemG5 . tL
/fHo x'gM
à cfof]jf (Iowa),
à cfO8fxf] (Idaho),
à OlG8ofgf (Indiana),
à sG;f; (Kansas),
à s]G6sL (Kentucky),
à gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf
(North Carolina),
à gy{ 8sf]6f
(North Dakota),
à Go' XofD;/
(New Hampshire),
à cf]Snfxfdf (Oklahoma),
à k]G;ne]lgof
(Pennsylvania),
à 6]S;; (Texas),
à o'6f (Utah),
à elh{lgof (Virginia), /
à lj:sfG;g (Wisconsin) .
Ω Ω
/fhwfgL jfl;+u6g l8;Ldf
!)=%) 8n/ ;aeGbf a9L
Hofnf xf] eg] hlh{of /
jfof]ldª, b'O{ /fHodf ;+3Lo
Go'gtdeGbf sd Hofnf 5,
Ps 3G6f sfd u/]sf] %
8n/ !% ;]G6; kfOG5 .
Ω Ω
;|f]tM l8kf6{d]G6 ckm n]a/ /
ljleGg kqklqsf

3. #@)!^hgj/L,jif{^c+s&(
c+u|]hL–efêfsf] k/LIff, efu %
▪ gf]e]Da/
(November)
labfx¿ (Holidays)
▪ /fi6«klt lbj;
(Presidents’ Day)
▪ ;+:d/0f lbj;
(Memorial Day)
▪ em08f lbj;
(Flag Day)
▪ :jtGqtf lbj;
(Independence Day)
▪ >lds lbj;
(Labor Day)
▪ sf]nDa; lbj;
(Columbus Day)
▪ Yofªs;;luleË
(Thanksgiving)
qmdzMs'g dlxgf slt lbgsf] x'G5 eg]/ l;sfpg] tl/sf
▪ r'Gg'
(Elect)
▪ x'g'
(have/has)
▪ 5÷lyof]÷x'g]5
(is/was/be)
▪ a:g'÷a:Yof]
(lives/lived)
▪ e]6g'
(meets)
▪ ltg'{
(pay)
▪ dt lbg'
(vote)
▪ rfxg'
(want)
cGo -sfd_ [Other (function)]
▪ /
(and)
▪ bf}/fg
(during)
▪ nfO{÷nflu
(for)
▪ oxfF
(here)
▪ df
(in)
▪ sf]
(of)
▪ df
(on)
▪ Tof]
(the)
▪ nfO{
(to)
▪ xfdL
(we)
Yofªs;;luleËsf cj;/df 6sL{
gfds r/f]sf] d"lt{ ;hfj6
lqmofx¿
(Verbs)
▪ ;Sg'
(can)
▪ cfpg'
(come)
gful/stf k/LIff (Civic
Test) df ;xefuL
x'Fbf tkfO{+;Fu c+u|]hL–
efiffsf] 1fg s] slt
5 eg]/ hfFlrG5 .
c+u|]hL–efiff1fgsf
nflu cIfl/sfn]
gful/stf lng]] k/LIffsf]
k':tsaf6 c+u|]hL hfFr (Eng-
lish Test) sf] c+z cg'jfb
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; c+sdf
xfd|f] kfFrf}+ c+z M
• •
c+u|]hL–efiff k/LIffdf tLg
c+zdWo] n]vgsf] efu (writing
portion) sf] afFsL c+zM
dlxgfx¿ (Months)
▪ km]a|'c/L
(February)
▪ d]
(May)
▪ h"g
(June)
▪ h'nfO{
(July)
▪ ;]K6]Da/
(September)
▪ cS6f]a/
(October)

4. $
@)!^hgj/L,jif{^c+s&(
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
Hofnfsf] Kofnf
ha b}lgs hLjgsf] s'/f
cfpF5 . Hofnfsf] ljifo
cfOxfN5 . ljZjsf w]/} d'n'sn]
Go'gtd Hofnfsf] Joj:yf
u/]sf 5g . cd]l/sfdf klg
o;sf] Joj:yf 5 . ;g !(#)
sf] bzsdf o;sf] z'¿jft
ePsf] xf] . /fli6«o cf}Bf]lus
k'g:yf{kgf P]gn] klxnf]k6s
Go'gtd Hofnf @% ;]G6;
tf]s]sf] lyof] . ToxL bzs laTg
nfUbf lgikIf >lds u'0f:t/
P]gn] ToxL Hofnfb/nfO{ dfGotf
k|bfg u¥of] . o;/L Go'gtd
Hofnfsf] k/Dk/f a;]sf] xf] .
clxn]sf] Go'gtd Hofnf
;g @))( h'nfO{ @$ df nfu'
&=@% 8n/ xf], h'g ^=%% 8n/
af6 a9]/ ag]sf] xf] . ahf/
efp lgs} a9of] . To;cg';f/
Hofnf a9]g eGg] dfu p7] .
Go'gtd Hofnf &=@% 8n/sf
b/n] Pshgf jif{lbg sfd ubf{
!% xhf/ 8n/ sdfpF5 . p;n]
tLg hgfsf] kl/jf/ kfNg'k¥of
eg] s;/L wfG5 eGg] k|Zg
p7]sf] xf] . /fi6«klt cf]afdf
Go'gtd Hofnf slDtdf ( b]lv
!) ;Dd x'g'k5{ eGg'x'G5 .
xf]Og, !%=)) 8n/ x'g'k5{ eGg]
csf{y/L dflg; 5g . olt w]/}
Ps}k6s ga9g ;S5 . Psy/L
cy{zf:qL slDtdf !)=&% 8n/
eP, ;fwf/0f dflg;sf] hLjg
rN5 eGg] wf/0ff /fV5g .
of] rln/xg] k|lqmof xf] . ;g
@)!$ hgj/Lkl5 !$ /fHon]
Hofnfsf] sfg'g ;+zf]wg u/],
@^ /fHo / /fhwfgL jfl;Ë6g
l8;Ln] Hofnf a9fP . /fHosf
klg @# :yfgLo lgsfon] cfˆg}
tl/sfn] Hofnf a9fP . ;Sg]
lgsfon] w]/}sf] enf] lrtfPs}
/fd|f] . o;n] s/f]8f}+sf]
hLjg:t/ psf:5 .
wGojfb
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 47
c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 ;trfnL;f}+ ;"rL -efu $&_
• concrete :
gfd– /f]8f, l;d]G6 / afn'jfsf]
ld>0f, s+lqm6, .
lqmof– 7f]; ?k lbg', d"t{ jf
;fsf/ agfpg', s+lqm6 xfNg' .
ljz]if0f– 7f];, vFlbnf], d"t{,
:y"n, lglZrt, s+lqm6, k|ToIf,
jf:tljs, c+zx? hf]8]/
agfOPsf], OlGb|ouf]r/ .
• condemn :
lqmof– bf]ifL 7x/fpg', lgGbf
ug{', lj?4 km};nf lbg', sfd
gnfUg] 7fGg', lj?4 lg0f{o
lbg', ck/fwL 7x/fpg', lvnfk
km};nf ug'{, efUodf n]v]sf]
7fGg', /2 ug'{, Hofg ;hfo
lbg' .
• condition :
gfd– cj:yf, zt{gfdf, zt{,
ult, ultljlw, xfnrfn,
rfnfdfnf, xljut, xfn, lgod,
lg0ff{os, kl/aGw, bzf .
lqmof– dfGg', hfFRg' -dfn
;fdfg_, c;n cj:yfdf
k'‍¥ofpg', /fV‍g', lgwf{l/t ug'{,
lglZrt ug'{, lge{/ u/fpg' jf
x'g', l;sfpg', cEo:t u/fpg',
k|ltalGwt ug'{, zt{ nufpg',
pko'St agfpg', s'g} zt{df
Nofpg' jf dfGg' .
• conduct :
gfd– rfnrng, cfrf/, k|aGw,
Jojxf/, lqmofsnfk, gLot,
cfr/0f, a]xf]/f, 9fFrfsfFrf,
rfn, rfnf, rfnfdfnf .
lqmof– k}/jL ug{', ;~rfng ug{',
kl/rfng ug{', rnfpg', cu'jf
eP/ sfo{ ug'{, ky k|bz{g ug'{,
lnP/ hfg', k‍'¥ofpg', n}hfpg' .
• conference :
gfd– k/fdz{, s'/fsfgL,
aftrLt, jftf{nfk, ;ef,
;Dd]ng, ljrf/sf nflu ;ef,
lzv/ ;Dd]ng .
• confidence :
gfd– ljZjf;, b[9 ljZjf;,
e/f];f, cfTdljZjf;, e/, cf:yf,
ljZjfl;tf, lgZro, uf]Ko s'/f,
;fx; .
• confident :
ljz]if0f– ljZ‍jf;L, ;fv'Nn],
cfZj:t, ljZj:t, b[9 .
• confidently :
ljz]if0f– cfZj:t eP/, ljZj:t
eP/, lglZrt eP/, ljZjf;sf
;fy, lgw{Ss eP/ .
qmdzM
lrlsT;sLo zAbx¿
/f]u k|lt/Iff k|0ffnL
z/L/sf w]/} h}ljs agf]6 /
ljlwx?, hf] /f]ulj?4 sfd
u5{g, To;nfO{ k|lt/Iff k|0ffnL
(Immune System) elgG5 .
o; k|0ffnLdf sf]ifx?,
tGt'x? / c+ux? ldn]/ sfd
u5{g . u|GyL (glands), xf8leq
/ut agfpg] tTj (bone
marrow), lkmof] (spleen) cflb
o;sf d'Vo efux? x'g .
o; k|0ffnLn] Kofyf]–
h]G; (Pathogens) / /f]ux?sf]
hfgsf/L lnG5 . s'g ;'/lIft
x'g / s'g xf]Ogg eg]/
5'6ofpF5 .
;]tf] /St sf]if (White
blood cell) nfO{ No'sf];fO6;
(leukocytes) klg elgG5, hf]
/f]ulj/f]wL k|0ffnLsf] d'Vo c+z
xf] .
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada
Bhutanese Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut Street, Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com
Psbd} ;/n efiffdf eGg]
xf] eg] of] k|0ffnLnfO{ ;lqmo
agfO/fVg oL d'Vo rf/ sfd
ug'{k5{M
à af/Daf/ xft w'g'k5{ .
à ;do ldnfP/ b}lgs
?kdf ;Gt'lnt cfxf/f /
cltl/St tTj vfg'k5{ .
à kof{Kt ;'Tg'k5{ .
à tgfj sd ug'{k5{ .
/f]ulj?4 z/L/ ;w}+ tof/ /xf]; eg]/ vf]k nufOG5
cdc.gov