Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 13th issue, published on March 1, 2011.

1. o;leq s] s] <
g gful/s aGg k|Zg–pQ/======@
g ;+:yf kl/ro===========================@
g lzz'nfO{ 7f]; Vjfpg]=========@
g uf8L xfSbf Dof;]h /f]s=====#
g lzj/fqL otf klg=================#
g s/ bflvn clk|n !*=======#
g 5f]6f] x}g, ;'/lIft af6f]========#
g g]kfndf ^) jif{==================#
g c+u|]hL l;sf}+=========================#
g d'nsf cfwf/df gfd===========$
g b[li6 /Iff ;Ktfx==================$
g casf !% lbg=====================$
@)!! dfr{ klxnf]
jif{ ! c+s !#
;Dkfblso
lzlj/ ca @ df ;Lldt
g]kfn ;/sf/n] k"j{sf ljleGg
;ft lzlj/sf e"6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{
;g @)!@ sf] cGTo;Dddf b'O{
lzlj/df ;Lldt ug]{ ePsf] 5.
tL lzlj/df a;f]af; kftlnPsf],
;'/Iff / ljZjsf ljleGg ;+:yfaf6
k|fKt ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg sl7gfO{
ePsfn] lzlj/ 36fpg nfluPsf]
xf]. ;g @))& otf ljZjsf
ljleGg * d'n'sdf sl/a $#
xhf/ % ;o z/0ffyL{sf] k'g:yf{kgf
ePkl5 lzlj/ 36fpg nfluPsf]
xf]. afFsLdWo] &% k|ltztn] t];|f]
/fi6« hfg] OR5f b]vfpg' ePsf] 5.
OR5f k'/f xf];. ca h] x'G5, enf]
xf];. xfd|f] sfdgf. wGojfb
cd]l/sfdf udL{sf] df};d ;fFemsf]
pHofnf] ;b'kof]u ug{ 38LnfO{
Ps 3G6f cuf8L ;fl/G5. hf8f]
;'? ePkl5 Tof] ;donfO{ km]l/
lkmtf{ ul/G5. o;nfO{ c+u|]hLdf
…8]nfO6 ;]leª 6fOdÚ (Daylight
Saving Time; DST) elgG5.
udL{ ;'? x'Fbf dfr{ dlxgfsf]
bf];|f] cfOtaf/ / hf8f] ;'? x'Fbf
gf]e]Da/ dlxgfsf] klxnf]
cfOtaf/ ;do x]/km]/ ul/G5.
o;} k|lqmofcGtu{t dfr{ !#
tfl/v -dfr{ dlxgfsf] bf];|f]
cfOtaf/_ df tkfO{n] cfˆgf]
38Ldf Ps 3G6f a9fpg'k5{.
h:tf]M & ah]sf] 38LnfO{ *
ahfpg'xf];.
;g @)!! sf] gf]e]Da/ ^ df
km]l/ Ps 306f 36fpg' kg]{ x'G5.
cl/hf]gf (Arizona), xjfO{
(Hawaii), k'ctf]{ l/sf] (Puerto
Rico) nufot s]xL cd]l/sL
efudf o;/L ;do km]g]{ rng
5}g. ;w} Psgfzsf] ;do x'G5.
cd]l/sfafx]s ljZjsf ljleGg
sl/a &) d'n'sdf o:tf] ;dodf
km]/abn ug]{ rng 5. 38Ldf
;do km]g]{ oL ;a} b]zn] Ps}k6s
km]b}{gg. h:tf]M cd]l/sfn] ;do
km]g]{ dlxgf / a+unfb]zn] ;do
km]g]{ dlxgf km/s x'G5g.
o;/L ;do km]l/+bf sDKo'6/
tyf df]afOn kmf]gx?df cfkm}+
;do ablnG5. t/ leQ]38L, s]lx
df]afOn kmf]g -;]nkmf]g_ df eg]
cfkm}+n] ldnfpg'k5{. :s'n nfUg]
/ 5'l§ x'g] ;do klg o;}cg';f/
ldnfOG5 .
38L ldnfpg] lbg
leGgfleGg} ;do
cd]l/sf ljZjsf] t];|f] 7"nf]
b]z xf]. cfsf/df g]kfneGbf
^& u'0ff 7"nf] 5. To:t}
e"6fgeGbf sl/a @%# u'0ff
7"nf] 5.
Ps b]z, rf/ ;do
g]kfn / e"6fg ;fgf
ePsfn] Pp6} ;do rnfOPsf]
5. t/ cd]l/sfdf rNtLdf
d'Vo rf/ ;do 5g. klZrd,
dWosf b'O{ / k"j{df g} ;do
km/s 5. of] ;do %) /fHosf]
l;dfgfcg';f/ 5}g.
cd]l/sfsf] d'Vo e"dL;Fu
ghf]l8Psf xjfO{ / cnf:sf
/fHodf cs}{ ;do 5g eg]
cd]l/sfn] x]l//x]sf s]lx låkdf
klg km/s ;do 5g.
;do s'g s'g x'g<
xfdLn] d'Vo rf/ ;dosf]
hfgsf/L lng cfjZos
5. oxfFsf tL rf/ ;do /
;dosf nflu cfwf/ dflgPsf
http://nationalatlas.gov
rf/ zx/x? lbOPsf 5gM
-s_ k"jL{o k|fdfl0fs ;do
(Eastern Standard Time;
EST) M Go"of]s{.
-v_ dWo k|fdfl0fs ;do
(Central Standard Time;
CST) M l;sfuf].
-u_ kxf8L k|fdfl0fs ;do
(Mountain Standard Time;
MST) M 8]Ge/.
-3_ k|zfGt k|fdfl0fs ;do
(Pacific Standard Time;
PST) M n; PGhn;.
;do s;/L yfxf kfpg]<
dflysf] gSzfdf h:t} k"jL{o
k|fdfl0fs ;do (EST) ;fFemsf]
^ ah]sf] eP dWo k|fdfl0fs
;do (CST) df % ah], kxf8L
k|fdfl0fs ;do (MST) $
/ k|zfGt k|fdfl0fs ;do
(PST) # ah]sf] x'G5. k"j{af6
klZrd hfFbf Ps 3G6fsf b/n]
36fpFb} hfg'k5{.

2. @
!= -;+ljwfg_ ;+zf]wg eg]sf] s] xf]<
(What is an amendment?)
– -s_ ;+ljwfgdf kl/jt{g ug'{ (A
change to the Constitution).
-v_ ;+ljwfgdf yk ug'{ (An addition
to the Constitution).
@= cd]l/sL ;+ljwfgdf ePsf klxnf] bz ;+zf]wgnfO{ s] elgG5<
(What do we call the first ten amendments to the Constitution?)
– clwsf/ clwlgod (the Bill of Rights, b lan ckm /fO6;).
#= klxnf] ;+zf]wgaf6 k|fKt s'g} Ps clwsf/ jf :jtGqtf s] xf]<
(What is one right or freedom from the First Amendment?)
– tnsfdWo] s'g} Ps
-s_ jfs (Speech)
-v_ wfld{s (Religion)
-u_ ;ef–;Dd]ng (Assembly)
-3_ 5fkf (Press) jf
-ª_ ;/sf/df ofrgf (Petition the Government).
gful/stf -l;l6hgl;k_
6]:6sf s]lx k|Zg
;fgf gfgLnfO{ slxn] 7f]; vfgf lbg yfNg]<
;fgf gfgLnfO{ 7f]; vfgf v'jfpg -kf:gL ug]{ a]nf xf]_ ta yfNg], ha pM
á kfFrb]lv 5 dlxgfsf] x'G5.
á s]lxdf c8]; gnfuL a:g yfN5.
á 6fpsf] / 3fF6Ldf ;lhn} 3'dfpg jf c8fpg ;Sg] x'G5.
á vfg rf;f] lbG5 / rDrf glhs n}hfFbf d'v vf]N5.
t/ aRrf Ps jif{sf] gx'Gh]n kmnkm"nsf] /; (Juice) v'jfpg h?/L
5}g. v'jfpg] ljrf/ ug'{ eof] eg] Ps lbgdf $ b]lv * cf}G;
(Ounce) v'jfpg'xf];. af]tnaf6 gv'jfpg'xf];. ;'Gtnf / 6df6/sf]
h'; gv'jfpg' /fd|f] x'G5.
o'P; sGkm/]G; ckm Sofyf]lns la;K;
o'gfO6]8 :6]6;
sGkm/]G; ckm
Sofyf]lns
la;K; (United
States Con-
ference of Catholic Bishops;
USCCB) cd]l/sf tyf ljZjsf
w]/} b]zdf sfd ug]{ ;+:yf xf].
o; ;+:yfn] cd]l/sfdf a;f]af;
u/fOg NofOg] z/0ffyL{nfO{ Pp6f
dxTjk"0f{ ;]jf lb+b} cfPsf] 5.
pQm ;]jfnfO{ a;fO–;/fO tyf
z/0ffyL{ ;]jf (Migration and
Refugee Services; MRS) elgG5.
of] ;+:yfn] cd]l/sf NofOg] Ps
ltxfO{ z/0ffyL{nfO{ a;f]af;df d2t
k'¥ofPsf] 5. cd]l/sfdf z/0ffyL{
k'gjf{; u/fpg] of] ;aeGbf 7"nf]
;+:yf klg xf].
sf];Fu ldn]/ sfd ul/G5<
o'P; sGkm/]G; ckm Sofyf]lns
la;K;÷a;fO–;/fO tyf z/0ffyL{
;]jf (USCCB/MRS) n]
;/sf/ tyf o;sf cGo ;+3Lo
lgsfox?;Fu ldn]/ sfd u5{.
cd]l/sfsf] :yfkgfb]lv g}
Sofyf]lns rr{n] ;fdflhs
;]jfsf sfd ub}{ cfPsf] 5. ut #%
jif{df o; ;+:yfn] ljZjsf ljleGg
d'n'sdf bz nfv z/0ffyL{nfO{
k'g:yf{lkt ul/;s]sf] 5.
clxn] d'Vo ?kdf O/fsL,
ad]{nL / e"6fgLnfO{ k'g:yf{kgf
u/fO/x]sf] 5. o; ;+:yfn] ut
;+:yf kl/ro
# jif{df cd]l/sfsf %) zx/–
df ( xhf/ e"6fgL z/0ffyL{nfO{
k'g:yf{lkt u/]sf] 5.
s;/L sfd ul/G5<
o; ;]jfn] :yflgo Ps
;o Sofyf]lns Rofl/6L tyf
Sofyf]lns lgsfo;Fu ldn]/
cd]l/sfe/ z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{kgf
tyf cfˆgf] ;d'bfodf :jfut
ug]{ sfd u5{.
sf];Fu ldn]/ sfd ul/G5<
o; ;+:yfsf] ;]jf / o;sf
;xsdL{ ;+:yfx? Sofyf]lns
;fdflhs lzIffdf cfwfl/t eP/
sfd u5{g. of] lzIffsf] cfwf/
dfof tyf dfgj k|lti7f xf].
clg of] sfd ug'{df Pp6f c6n
ljZjf; 5– cd]l/sfsf] prfO{
oxfFsf] ax'hflt / ax';f+:s[lts
;Dkbfdf cGtlg{lxt 5.
s] s] sfd ul/G5<
z/0ffyL{ k'g:yf{kgf sfo{qmddf
Sofyf]lns Rofl/6Lx? / o;sf
:yflgo zfvfx?n] cfk|jf; tyf
gful/s ;xfotf, efiff, /f]huf/L,
cfly{s 1fg, hLljsf]kfh{gsf
nflu tflndsf ;fy} dfgl;s
:jf:Yo tyf cGo ;fdflhs
;]jfdf ;xfotf ub}{ cfPsf] 5.
;Dks{
USCCB/MRS
Resettlement Services
3211 Fourth Street, NE
Washington, D.C. 20017
Web : http://www.usccb.org

3. #
6]S:6 Dof;]hdf /f]s
;g @)!) ;Dddf cd]l/sfsf #) /fHon] uf8L
xfFSbf 6]S:6 Dof;]h (Text message) ug{
/f]s nufPsf 5g. ;/sf/n] uf8L b'3{6gfaf6
gful/ssf] /Iffsf nflu of] lgod a;fPsf]
xf]. df]afOn kmf]g÷;]nkmf]g (cellphone) sf]
k|of]u ub}{ 6]S:6 Dof;]h k7fpg' oL /fHodf
u}/sfg'gL x'G5. s;}n] Dof;]h u/]sf] kfOPdf
/fHolkR5] km/s–km/s sfg'gL sfjf{xL klg
x'G5. oL #) /fHoafx]s l8;L (D.C.), u'cfd
(Guam) df klg o:tf] aGb]h sfod 5.
;g @))* df uf8L rnfpFbf df]afOnaf6
6]S:6 Dof;]h k7fpg aGb]h nufpg] /fHosf]
;+Vof * lyof] eg] ;g @))( df @) lyof].
lzj/fqL otf klg
sf7df8f}+sf] kz'kltgfy dlGb/df lxGb' kj{
dxflzj/fqL -o; jif{ lzj/fqL dfr{ @, kmfu'g
!* df k/]sf] 5_ eO/x]sf a]nf cd]l/sfsf]
Go'of]s{df eg] ;fw'x?sf] tl:a/ k|bz{gLdf
/flvPsf] 5. hgj/L @* df ;'? ePsf] of]
k|bz{gL d] #) df ;lsG5.
cd]l/sfdf hGd]sf yf]d; s]nL (Thomas
Kelly) sf kmf]6fx?sf] pSt Psn k|bz{gL
Go'of]s{sf] !%) j]:6 !& l:6«6l:yt ?lag
Do'lhod ckm cf6{ (Rubin Museum of Art)
df eO/x]sf] 5. …al8 Nofªj]h M b of]luh
ckm OlG8of PG8 g]kfnÚ (Body Language:
The Yogis of India and Nepal) gfds pQm
k|bz{gLdf sl/a tLg bzssf pgsf tl:a/
/flvPsf 5g.
s/ bflvn clk|n !* ;Dd
clk|n !% nfO{ s/ bflvn ug]{ clGtd lbg
dflgG5. To;}n] clk|n !% s/ lbj; klg xf].
t/ o; jif{ clk|n !* ;Dddf s/ bflvn
ug{ ;lsG5. clk|n !% z'qmaf/ k/]sf] 5
/ of] lbg l8l:6«S6 ckm sf]nlDaof, l8=;L=
(District of Columbia; D.C.) df d'lQm lbj;
(Emancipation Day) dgfOb} 5. d'lQm lbj;
/fi6«klt ca|fxd ln+sg (Abraham Lincoln)
n] ;g !*^@ clk|n !^ df bf;d'lQmsf nflu
sfg'gdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] pknIodf dgfOG5.
s/ bflvn ug{ # lbg cltl/Qm
;do ylkPsf] 5. b]zsf] /fhwfgLdf
ljz]if cj;/ k/L :yflgo labf x'g] /
s/ bflvn ug{ cK7of/f] kg]{ ePsfn] of]
cjlwnfO{ clk|n !*, ;f]daf/sf] dWo/ft;Ddsf
ljljw–;dfrf/
nflu ;fl/Psf] s/sf] sfd ug]{ sfof{no–
OG6/gn /]e]Go" ;le{; (Internal Revenue
Service; IRS) n] hgfPsf] 5.
5f]6f] x}g, ;'/lIft af6f]
xfdL st} hfg'kbf{ 5f]6f] / 6«flkms sd x'g]
/fhdfu{ /f]H5f}+. tL /fhdfu{ ;'/lIft gx'g
;S5g. s'g /fhdfu{df a9L b'3{6gf x'G5,
Tof] t xfdLnfO{ yfxf x'Fb}g. o:tf ;'/lIft
af6fx?sf] hfgsf/L lbg] Pp6f j]a;fO6
5, Tof] xf]M
WWW.SafeRoadMaps.org
o;sf] sfd o'lgel;{6L ckm ldg];f]6f
(University of Minnesota) sf] ;]G6/ km/
PS;n]G; Og ?/n ;]ˆ6L (Center for Ex-
cellence in Rural Safety) PPP kmfpG8];g
km/ 6«flkms ;]lˆ6 (Center for Excel-
lence in Rural Safety) n] ub}{ cfPsf] 5.
cfkm" s;/L hfg] xf]< s'g ;'/lIft af6f]
af6 hfg] xf]< cfkm"nfO{ lgb|f nfu]sf] 5
jf /S;L vfOPsf] 5 eg] s'g /fhdfu{
;'/lIft x'g;S5 o:tf hfgsf/L of]
;fO6af6 kfOG5.
of] ;fO6 ;g @))* df ;'? ePsf]
xf]. o;n] Olngf]o, s]G6sL, Go" d]lS;sf],
o'6fx, ˆnf]l/8f, ldlzug, Go" h;L{ /fHosf
;'/lIft ;8ssf] hfgsf/L lbG5. c? /fHosf
;'/lIft ;8saf/] klg ylkb}5.
g]kfndf ^) jif{
g]kfndf cd]l/sL ljsf; lgof]u -o'P;P8_
n] xfn;Dd ljsf; ;xof]usf nflu
g]kfndf Ps c/a 8n/eGbf a9L
/sd k|bfg ul/;s]sf] 5. pQm lgof]un]
g]kfndf ^) jif{otf of] ;xof]u k|bfg
u/]sf] xf]. o'P;P8n] ;xfotf lbg nfu]sf]
^) jif{ ePsf pknIodf ljleGg sfo{qmd
eO/x]sf 5g. @))& df3 !) ut] Ps ;xof]u
;Demf}tf x:tfIf/ ePkZrft ;+o'St
/fHo cd]l/sf / g]kfnaLr ;DaGw :yfkgf
ePsf] xf]. To;kl5 cd]l/sfn] a9L ;xof]u lbg
yfn]sf] xf].
c+u|]hL l;sf}+
la/fdL kbf{ pkrf/
sf nflu g]kfnL dfq
af]Ng] dflg;n] c+u|]hL
af]Ng] 8fS6/nfO{ s] eGg'<
s] a'emg'< o;sf nflu
bf]efif]sf] ;xfotf lng]
jf lbg] ul/G5. o;/L
bf]efif]sf ?kdf sfd ubf{ hfGg}kg]{ zAb /
tLgsf] cy{ s] x'G5<
cIfl/sfn] o; c+sb]lv :jf:Yo;“u ;DalGwt
zAb (Medical terminology) / tLgsf] cy{
lbg yfn]sf] 5M
lrlsT;f If]qsf zAbx¿
o;k6s z/L/sf ljleGg c+ux?sf gfdx?
lbOPsf 5gM
Abdomen M k]6, e"F8L
Adam’s apple M ?b|306L
Anatomy : z/L/ lj1fg
Ankle : uf]nLufF7f]
Anus : u'bå/, lb;faflx/ hfg] Kjfn
Appendix : cfGqk'R5 -7"nf] cfGb|fsf] clGt-
ddf em'l08Psf] df;'sf] k'R5/_
Arm : kfv'/f, afx'
Back : cfª, kL7, lk7o"F, kl5lNt/
Bladder : d"qfzo, d"qy}nL -lkzfa hDdf x'g]
dfz+k]zLsf] y}nf]_
Blood : /ut, /St
Blood vessel : /StjflxgL, /St sf]lzsf
Body : z/L/
Bone : xf8, x88L, cl:y
Bowel : cfGb|f, cfGb|fe'F8L
Brain : lbdfu, dl:tis
Breasts : jIf:yn, 5ftL, :tg
Buttock : lkmnf, k'67f, kL+w, r"t8, lgtDa
Calf : lkF8f}nf
Cartilage : s's'{/] xf8, t?0f cl:y
Carpal : xftsf] k~hf / gf8LaLrsf] efu
-xft em'G8ofpFbf hxfF r'/f, afnf, 38L
cl8G5._
Cell : sf]if -z/L/sf] ;aeGbf ;'Id efu_
Cervix : kf7]3/sf] d'v
Cheek : ufnf
Chest : 5ftL, jIf
Chin : lrpF8f]
Diaphragm : 8fofk|mfd -kmf]S;f]nfO{ tnaf6
yfd]/ /fVg] c+u, o;n] k]6 / 5ftLnfO{ 5'6–
ofpF5_. -yk zAb csf]{ c+sdf qmdzM_

4. b[li6–/Iff ;Ktfx
dfr{ dlxgfsf] * tfl/v ljZj dlxnf lbj;
(Women’s Rights and International Peace/
International Women’s Day) xf]. dlxnfsf
clwsf/sf nflu of] lbj; ljZje/ dgf–
OG5. cd]l/sfdf dfr{ dlxgfnfO{ …dlxnfsf]
Oltxf; dlxgfÚ (Women’s History Month)
sf ?kdf dgfOG5.
cd]l/sfdf dfr{ dlxgfdf cfOl/z–
cd]l/sg ;Dkbf dlxgf (Irish-American
Heritage Month) klg dgfOG5. dfr{ !%
df ljZj pkef]Qmf clwsf/ lbj; (World
Consumer Rights Day) k/]sf] 5.
lxGb" wd{ dfGg]sf nflu dfr{ @ -kmfu'g
!*_ df dxflzj/fqL k/]sf] 5. dfr{ %
-kmfu'g @!_ df z]kf{ ;d'bfosf] UofNaf]
Nxf];f/ 5. oL ljz]if lbgaf/] s]lx hfgsf/L
lbOPsf] 5M
casf !% lbg
UofNaf] Nxf];f/
z]kf{ ;d'bfon] UofNaf] Nxf];f/ dgfpF5. of]
lbgnfO{ of] ;d'bfon] gofF jif{ ?kdf dgfpF5.
o; cj;/df af}4 ;Dk|bfon] laxfg} z'4 hn
a'4nfO{ r9fP/ cfkm" eGbf 7"nfaf6 cflzjf{b
lng] rng 5. ;fy} cfkmGt hDdf eP/ ld7f
kl/sf/ klg agfP/ vfg] ul/G5.
dxflzj/fqL
eujfg lzj pTkGg ePsf] /ftsf gfdaf6
gfds/0f of] kj{ sfn/fqL, df]x/fqL, ;'v/fqL /
lzj/fqL gfds rf/ k|d'v /fqLdWo] Ps kljq
kj{sf ¿kdf kl/lrt 5 . of] kmfu'g s[i0f
rt'b{zLsf lbg dgfOG5. -yk csf]{ c+sdf_
S & T Communications, 10 Ashley Dr, Manchester, NH 03103, Ph: 603 661 1039, Email : info@aksharica.com,
Website : www. aksharica.com, Guest Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Coordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya
cIfl/sfsf] lk|G6 slk af“9g] ;+:yfx?
Printed copies of AKSHARICA
are available at:
!= Dofgr]:6/ sDo'lg6L l/;f];{ ;]G6/
Manchester Community Resource Center
(MCRC), 177 Lake Av, NH 03103
@= e'6gLh sDo'lg6L ckm Go' XofD;/ -aL;LPgPr_
Bhutanese Community of NH (BCNH)
#= OG6/g];gn OlG:6Ro'6 ckm ;]G6 n'O;
International Institute of Saint Louis
3654 South Grand Boulevard
Saint Louis, MO 63118
$= g];gflnl6h ;le{; ;]G6/
Nationalities Service Center
1216 Arch Street, 4th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19107
%= Sofyf]lns Rofl/l6h ckm gb{–O:6 sG;f;
Catholic Charities of Northeast Kansas
2220 Central Avenue
Kansas City, KS 66102
If you would like to print and distribute
AKSHARICA, please email us.
$
dfr{ dlxgfsf] klxnf] ;ftf -xKtf÷;ft lbg_
nfO{ …tkfO{sf] b[li6–/Iff ;KtfxÚ (Save Your
Vision Week) sf ?kdf klg dgfOG5.
lsg dgfOPsf] xf]<
:j:y cfFvfsf] ;Gb]z lbgsf nflu
jif]{lg of] ;Ktfx dgfOg] ul/G5. To;f] eP,
cfFvf :j:y /fVg s] ug]{<
l kf}li6s vfgf, ;/;kmfO{ dfqn] cfFvf
:j:y x'Fb}gg.
l v]Nbf, af/Ldf sfd ubf{, udL{ jf
hf8f]df lg:sFbf cfFvf arfpg rZdfsf]
k|of]u ug'{k5{.
l w]/} ;do 6]lnlehg jf sDKo'6/df a:g'
x'Fb}g.
l w"d|kfgn] klg cfFvfnfO{ sdhf]/
agfpF5.
l zf/Ll/s Jofofdn] klg cfFvf :j:y
/fVg d2t u5{.
h;sf] klg x'g;S5
cfFvf sdhf]/ h'g pd]/df klg x'g;S5.
To;}n] ;a}n] cfFvfsf] b[li6 arfpg] ;r]t
/xg'k5{.
slxn]b]lv dgfpg yflnPsf] xf]<
…tkfO{sf] b[li6 /Iff ;KtfxÚ dgfpg] k|:tfj
;g !(^# l8;]Da/df kfl/t ePsf] xf].
cd]l/sfdf ljZjsf ;a}h;f] d'n'ssf dflg;
cfP/ a;]sf 5g. ;a}sf] d"n leGg ePsfn]
s;nfO{ s] eGg]< o;sf nflu ;fx|} ;lhnf]
gfds/0f ul/Psf] 5. h:tf]M clk|msf
dxfb]z jf If]qsf] d"nsf] gful/s eP,
p;nfO{ clk|msg–cd]l/sg (African-Ameri-
can) elgG5. PlzofnL d"nsf] eP Plzog–
cd]l/sg (Asian-American) elgG5.
ptf o'/f]k]nL d"nsf] eP, o'/f]lkog–
cd]l/sg (European-American) elgG5. oL
dxfb]zsf gfdaf6 lbOPsf] gfd xf].
If]qs} gfddf
If]qsf gfdaf6 klg dflg;nfO{ lrgfpg]
klg ul/G5. h:tf]M c/a d"nsf] eP, p;nfO{
c/a–cd]l/sg (Arab-American) elgG5.
Nofl6g cd]l/sL d"nsf] eP, p;nfO{ Nofl6gf]–
cd]l/sg (Latino-American) elgG5.
d'n'ssf] gfddf
ptf b]zsf] gfdaf6 klg lrgfOG5. h:tf]M
g]kfnL d"nsf] eP, p g]lKnh–cd]l/sg (Nep-
alese-American) eof] eg] e"6fgL d"nsf] eP,
e"6gLh–cd]l/sg (Bhutanese-American)
eof]. rLgsf] eP, rfOlgh–cd]l/sg (Chi-
nese-American) x'G5 eg] ef/tLo d"nsf] eP,
OlG8og–cd]l/sg (Indian-American) x'G5.
hd{gL d"nsf] eP, hd{g–cd]l/sg (German-
s'g d"nsf] xf]
To;}af6 gfds/0f
American) x'G5.
xfdLn] g]kfnLdf cg'jfb u/]/ eGg'kbf{
o;f] ug'{kg]{ x'G5–
clk|msg–cd]l/sg M clk|msL–cd]l/sL
g]lKnh–cd]l/sg M g]kfnL–cd]l/sL
e"6gLh–cd]l/sg M e"6fgL–cd]l/sL
rfOlgh–cd]l/sg M rLlgofF–cd]l/sL
OlG8og–cd]l/sg M ef/tLo–cd]l/sL cflb.
a]nfotaf6 cfPsf]nfO{ s] eGg]<
c+u|]hL efiff t a]nfotdf klg af]lnG5.
a]nfotaf6 cd]l/sf :jtGq ePsf] b]z klg
xf]. To;f] eP a]nfotL d"nsf] cd]l/sLnfO{ s]
eGg]< a]nfotL d"nsf] dflg;nfO{ cd]l/sfdf
O+unLz–cd]l/sg (English-American)
elgG5. t/ a]nfotdf klg :s6NofG8sf]
eP, :sl6z–cd]l/sg (Scotish-American)
x'G5 eg] cfo/NofG8sf] eP, cfol/z–
cd]l/sg (Irish-American) x'G5.
cd]l/sfsf] cfkmgf] afl;GbfnfO{ s] t<
cd]l/sfsf] cfˆgf afl;Gbf eGgfn] pQ/–
cd]l/sfsf /}yfg] a'lemG5. oxfFsf k'/fgf
afl;Gbf /}yfg]–cd]l/sL÷g]l6e cd]l/sg
(Native-American) x'g. /}yfg]–cd]l/sL
eGgfn] d'ntM cd]l/sg OlG8og (American
Indian) jf /]8 OlG8og (Red Indian) eP
klg o;df ljleGg ts{x? 5g.