surface tension power point
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This document discusses surface tension, which allows liquids to resist external forces due to cohesive forces between their molecules. Surface tension is caused by liquid molecules at the surface being pulled inward more than molecules in the bulk of the liquid. This contraction of the surface minimizes its area and causes water droplets to form spherical shapes. The document gives examples of how surface tension allows insects and objects to float on water and causes water to bead up without being absorbed by some surfaces.
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Capillarity ppt
Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without external forces like gravity. It is sometimes called capillarity or wicking. Capillary action draws liquids up between hairs, drains tears from the eyes, draws ink to fountain pen tips, and moves groundwater. There are two types: capillarity rise, where liquids rise in small diameter tubes against gravity, and capillarity fall, where liquids are depressed. Examples of capillary action include the absorption of ink by blotting paper and the rise of oil in a lamp wick. Supply of water to tall tree leaves is also through capillary rise.
Surface tension
Surface tension is a phenomenon where the surface of a liquid acts as a thin elastic sheet when in contact with air or another gas. It is caused by intermolecular forces like Van der Waals forces that draw liquid particles together. Surface tension can be defined as the ratio of the surface force to the length over which it acts. Water has a higher surface tension than oil, causing water surfaces to form a convex shape while oil forms a concave shape. The contact angle between a liquid and solid surface is used to describe wetting, with complete wetting having a lower contact angle than bad wetting.
Capillary Action
This document discusses capillary action, including:
- Capillary action is the process by which liquids move through narrow spaces due to intermolecular forces. It occurs when a liquid rises in a narrow tube or is drawn into small openings.
- Capillary rise occurs when adhesive forces between a liquid and solid are greater than cohesive forces within the liquid, causing the liquid surface to curve upward. Capillary fall occurs in the opposite case.
- The height of capillary rise can be calculated using the capillary rise equation, which relates height, surface tension, density, and tube radius. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate calculating capillary rise.
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This document provides an overview of fluid mechanics concepts including:
- Fluids are substances that can flow and take the shape of their container.
- Fluid mechanics involves the study of fluids at rest and in motion.
- Key fluid properties discussed are density, viscosity, vapor pressure, and surface tension.
- Important concepts explained include Pascal's law and Newton's law of viscosity.
Properties of fluid.ppt
This document discusses several key properties of fluids: viscosity, surface tension, and capillary action. Viscosity is a fluid's resistance to flow and depends on internal friction. Surface tension is a contractive tendency that allows fluids to resist external forces. Capillary action describes a fluid's ability to flow in narrow spaces without external assistance and against gravity, such as liquid rising in a thin tube. The document provides examples of applications for each property, like lubrication using viscosity and water striders walking on water using surface tension. Formulas for calculating these properties are also presented.
Surface tension
Surface tension is caused by the attraction between water molecules at the surface of a water droplet or body of water. This attraction creates tension at the surface. The tension acts like a elastic sheet or skin that tries to minimize the surface area to reduce the energy of the system. For small objects or insects, surface tension can allow them to float or walk on water by supporting their weight through tension along their contact perimeter. Contact angle is the angle formed between a liquid surface and the solid surface it contacts and depends on a balance of forces from surface tensions and adhesive/repulsive forces between the liquid and solid.
Drag force & Lift
When a body moves through a fluid, it experiences two forces: drag and lift. Drag acts parallel to the flow and slows the body down, while lift acts perpendicular to the flow. These forces depend on factors like the fluid's velocity and density, the body's size and shape, and its angle of attack relative to the flow. Streamlined shapes with small frontal areas experience less pressure drag than blunt bodies, which experience boundary layer separation and higher pressures on one side. The forces can be calculated using drag and lift coefficients, which vary based on the Reynolds number and other flow properties.
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(i) Fluid kinematics describes fluid motion without forces/energies, examining geometry of motion through concepts like streamlines and pathlines.
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Capillarity ppt
Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without external forces like gravity. It is sometimes called capillarity or wicking. Capillary action draws liquids up between hairs, drains tears from the eyes, draws ink to fountain pen tips, and moves groundwater. There are two types: capillarity rise, where liquids rise in small diameter tubes against gravity, and capillarity fall, where liquids are depressed. Examples of capillary action include the absorption of ink by blotting paper and the rise of oil in a lamp wick. Supply of water to tall tree leaves is also through capillary rise.
Surface tension
Surface tension is a phenomenon where the surface of a liquid acts as a thin elastic sheet when in contact with air or another gas. It is caused by intermolecular forces like Van der Waals forces that draw liquid particles together. Surface tension can be defined as the ratio of the surface force to the length over which it acts. Water has a higher surface tension than oil, causing water surfaces to form a convex shape while oil forms a concave shape. The contact angle between a liquid and solid surface is used to describe wetting, with complete wetting having a lower contact angle than bad wetting.
Capillary Action
This document discusses capillary action, including:
- Capillary action is the process by which liquids move through narrow spaces due to intermolecular forces. It occurs when a liquid rises in a narrow tube or is drawn into small openings.
- Capillary rise occurs when adhesive forces between a liquid and solid are greater than cohesive forces within the liquid, causing the liquid surface to curve upward. Capillary fall occurs in the opposite case.
- The height of capillary rise can be calculated using the capillary rise equation, which relates height, surface tension, density, and tube radius. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate calculating capillary rise.
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- Fluids are substances that can flow and take the shape of their container.
- Fluid mechanics involves the study of fluids at rest and in motion.
- Key fluid properties discussed are density, viscosity, vapor pressure, and surface tension.
- Important concepts explained include Pascal's law and Newton's law of viscosity.
Properties of fluid.ppt
This document discusses several key properties of fluids: viscosity, surface tension, and capillary action. Viscosity is a fluid's resistance to flow and depends on internal friction. Surface tension is a contractive tendency that allows fluids to resist external forces. Capillary action describes a fluid's ability to flow in narrow spaces without external assistance and against gravity, such as liquid rising in a thin tube. The document provides examples of applications for each property, like lubrication using viscosity and water striders walking on water using surface tension. Formulas for calculating these properties are also presented.
Surface tension
Surface tension is caused by the attraction between water molecules at the surface of a water droplet or body of water. This attraction creates tension at the surface. The tension acts like a elastic sheet or skin that tries to minimize the surface area to reduce the energy of the system. For small objects or insects, surface tension can allow them to float or walk on water by supporting their weight through tension along their contact perimeter. Contact angle is the angle formed between a liquid surface and the solid surface it contacts and depends on a balance of forces from surface tensions and adhesive/repulsive forces between the liquid and solid.
Drag force & Lift
When a body moves through a fluid, it experiences two forces: drag and lift. Drag acts parallel to the flow and slows the body down, while lift acts perpendicular to the flow. These forces depend on factors like the fluid's velocity and density, the body's size and shape, and its angle of attack relative to the flow. Streamlined shapes with small frontal areas experience less pressure drag than blunt bodies, which experience boundary layer separation and higher pressures on one side. The forces can be calculated using drag and lift coefficients, which vary based on the Reynolds number and other flow properties.
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Capillary rise is the upward movement of liquids in narrow spaces against gravity, caused by intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding surface. These cohesive and adhesive forces can cause both capillary rise and fall depending on the liquid and tube diameter, and have applications like fueling kerosene lamps, the softness of cotton, drawing water and ink, and allowing plants to absorb water from soil.
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Capillarity refers to the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces due to intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding solid surface. Capillarity occurs due to the balance between cohesive forces within the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and surrounding surface. There are two types of capillarity: capillary rise, where adhesion is greater than cohesion causing liquid to flow upward; and capillary fall, where adhesion is less than cohesion causing liquid to flow downward. The height of capillary rise or fall can be calculated based on properties of the liquid and surrounding material. Common examples of capillarity include the wicking of oil up a lamp wick and the absorption of ink into blotting paper.
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Equations are presented for calculating conjugate depths of flow before and after the jump based on upstream depth, velocity and specific force. Energy loss in jumps is also examined.
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Surface tension ppt
The document discusses the surface tension of liquids. Surface tension allows insects like water striders to walk on water and causes water to form spherical droplets on surfaces like taro leaves. Surface tension decreases with increased temperature or impurities on the surface or dissolved in the liquid. Highly soluble substances increase surface tension while sparingly soluble substances decrease it.
Surface tension
This document discusses surface tension and related concepts. It explains that surface tension allows some objects to float on water and insects to run on water. Surface tension is the cohesive force between liquid molecules that makes the liquid assume the least surface area shape. The document contrasts the convex shape of water surfaces with the concave shape of mercury surfaces. It defines cohesion as the attraction between like molecules and adhesion as the attraction between different molecules or surfaces. It also discusses how contact angle and wetting relate to the balance between cohesive and adhesive forces.
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The surface of any liquid behaves like a stretched elastic membrane. Small objects can float on water due to surface tension if they are small and have the right shape, such as a needle. Surface tension arises from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the surface. These forces act parallel to the surface. Soap and detergents reduce surface tension by acting as surfactants that decrease the cohesive forces between molecules.
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This document discusses surface tension and methods for measuring surface tension. It defines surface tension as the imbalance of intermolecular forces at a liquid-air interface. Several common methods for measuring surface tension are described, including the Wilhelmy plate method, Du Nuoy ring method, sessile drop method, and maximum bubble pressure method. Factors that influence surface tension such as temperature and presence of surfactants are also covered.
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Surface tension is caused by attractive forces between molecules at the surface of a liquid that do not experience interactions from above. This results in several observable effects with water, including the beading of rainwater on leaves, the formation of drops when water detaches from a faucet due to gravitational stretching overcoming surface tension, and small, lightweight objects floating due to surface tension bearing their weight if they are non-wetting. Surface tension also causes the separation of immiscible liquids like oil and water and the "tears of wine" phenomenon where ethanol evaporates faster than water from an alcoholic beverage, modifying surface tensions. Surfactants reduce surface tension and allow soap bubbles and emulsions to form stable structures.
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1) Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces to minimize their area. It allows things like water striders to walk on water and raindrops to form spherical shapes.
2) There are several methods for measuring surface tension, including the Wilhelmy plate method, du Noüy ring method, and pendant drop method. Kyowa Interface Science Co. produces tensiometers that use these methods.
3) Surface tension is an important property for many applications including detergents, coatings, and emulsions. It can be reduced by surfactants, with the critical micelle concentration (CMC) being the point where added surfactant no longer lowers surface tension further. Dynamic surface tension
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This ppt will help you to understand the basic concept of Viscosity and different methods to measure Viscosity.
Rheology
This document provides an overview of rheology and its importance in pharmaceutical applications. It begins with definitions of rheology as the study of flow and deformation of matter under stress. The importance of rheology in formulation of various dosage forms like creams, emulsions, and suspensions is discussed. The document then covers key concepts in rheology including Newton's laws of viscosity, different types of fluid flow (Newtonian, plastic, pseudoplastic, dilatant), and measurement of viscosity. Pharmaceutical examples are provided to illustrate different flow properties and their significance.
Surface tension
Surface tension occurs at the surface of liquids due to intermolecular forces. Molecules below the surface experience equal intermolecular forces pulling in all directions, but surface molecules experience forces only downward and laterally, resulting in a net downward force. This causes surface molecules to compress more tightly than interior molecules, forming a "skin" that gives liquids their characteristic rounded shape and allows insects like water striders to walk on water.
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Power point presentaion on surface tension
This document discusses surface tension, which is the contractive tendency of a liquid's surface that allows it to resist external forces. Surface tension is caused by cohesive forces among liquid molecules, which pull inward on molecules at the surface. This creates internal pressure and forces liquid surfaces to contract to a minimal area, pulling droplets into a spherical shape. Some examples of how surface tension is exhibited include insects floating on water, paperclips floating, water beading on leaves, and water droplets forming spheres.
Power Point Presentaion on Surface Tension
This document discusses surface tension, which is the contractive tendency of a liquid's surface that allows it to resist external forces. Surface tension is caused by cohesive forces among liquid molecules, which pull inward on molecules at the surface. This creates internal pressure and forces liquid surfaces to contract to a minimal area, pulling droplets into a spherical shape. Some examples of how surface tension is exhibited include insects floating on water, paperclips floating, water beading on leaves, and water droplets forming spheres.
Surface tension
Surface tension results from the greater attraction of liquid molecules to each other than to air molecules. This causes liquids to behave as if their surface is covered by a stretched elastic membrane, minimizing surface area. Water has a high surface tension due to hydrogen bonding between molecules. Surface tension is responsible for phenomena like water beading on leaves and insects floating on water. It is measured as a force per unit length and allows calculation of pressure differences across curved surfaces using the Young-Laplace equation.
Power point presentation
Surface tension is the contractive tendency of a liquid's surface that allows it to resist external forces. It results from molecules in the liquid having a stronger attraction to each other than to molecules in the air or other surrounding materials. This property is important for phenomena like capillarity and allows things denser than water, like insects or small objects, to float or move along the water's surface. Surface tension gives raindrops their spherical shape and causes the separation of immiscible liquids like oil and water.
Surface Tension - Class XI CBSE
This document provides an overview of surface tension, surface energy, excess pressure, contact angles, capillary rise, and detergents. It explains that surface tension is caused by unbalanced intermolecular forces between liquid molecules. These forces minimize the liquid's surface area and lead to phenomena like water droplets forming spheres. The document also describes how temperature affects surface tension and energy. It discusses excess pressure inside liquid drops and bubbles due to surface tension. Contact angles, cohesive and adhesive forces, and capillary rise are also summarized. Finally, the role of detergents in reducing water's surface tension to help clean greasy dirt is explained.
Properties of fluids
This document discusses various properties of fluids, including density, pressure, viscosity, turbulence, cohesion and adhesion, and capillary action. It defines key terms like density, pressure, viscosity, and surface tension. For density, it provides the formula that density is mass per unit volume. For pressure, it defines pressure as force per unit area and provides various pressure units. It also discusses how pressure increases with depth due to the weight of fluid above. The document seeks to explain fluid phenomena through scientific principles.
Surface tension.pptx
This document discusses methods for determining surface tension, including the drop weight method. It begins by defining surface tension and explaining that it is caused by cohesive forces between liquid molecules being stronger than adhesive forces between liquid and air molecules. It then describes several methods to measure surface tension, including the capillary method, ring detachment method, and various drop methods. The drop weight method specifically measures surface tension based on the weight and radius of drops detached from a tube under constant conditions. Factors affecting surface tension and applications are also discussed.
[CHEM] Properties of Liquid Viscosity & Surface Tension
This document discusses viscosity, surface tension, and their relationship to intermolecular forces (IMF). It defines viscosity as a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, which is influenced by factors like temperature, pressure, density, and molecular structure. There are two types of viscosity: dynamic and kinematic. Surface tension is caused by imbalances in IMF at fluid interfaces and tends to minimize surface area. Stronger IMF result in higher viscosity and surface tension. Examples like water and honey flowing at different rates illustrate viscosity, while insects on water and bubbles demonstrate surface tension.
Surface tension--Wetting Phenomena--Capillarity
This presentation covers concepts such as surface tension, surface energy, liquid drops and bubbles, wetting, capillarity at the elementary school level. Comment down in a box for improvement.
Fluid Mechanics - Introduction.pdf
Fluid mechanics concepts and properties are introduced. Key points include:
- Fluids continuously deform under shear stress, while solids resist deformation. Fluid properties like density, viscosity, and surface tension are defined.
- Pressure in static fluids is the same in all directions at a point (Pascal's law) and decreases with height due to gravity.
- Viscosity measures a fluid's resistance to flow and can vary between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Surface tension causes minimization of surface area.
- Capillarity describes how liquids rise in narrow spaces due to cohesive and adhesive forces. Kinematic viscosity relates absolute viscosity to density.
States of Liquid Matter
Liquids have specific properties that distinguish them from solids and gases. They take the shape of their container but maintain a relatively constant volume. Key liquid properties include viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure, boiling point, freezing point, capillary action, miscibility, and osmosis. Viscosity is a liquid's resistance to flow, while surface tension allows some objects to float on water. Vapor pressure and boiling point are related, as boiling occurs when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure. Capillary action and osmosis involve the passage of liquids through membranes.
Force
A force is a push or pull that can cause an object to be in motion or change motion. The SI unit of force is the Newton. Forces have both magnitude and direction. Common forces include gravitational, tension, upthrust, magnetic, centrifugal, cohesive/adhesive, surface tension, molecular, electric, nuclear, and electrostatic forces. The effects of a force can be to start or change the motion of an object. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the gravitational force on an object. Weight depends on mass and gravitational field strength.
Fluid - Mechanics - Intro - duction.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to fluids, including:
- Ideal and viscous fluids, as well as steady or stationary flow.
- The continuity equation, which states that the product of cross-sectional area and velocity is constant.
- Bernoulli's law, which relates pressure, density, velocity, and height for steady fluid flow.
- Viscosity and its relationship to laminar flow profiles.
- Poiseuille's law governing volume flow rate through tubes based on viscosity.
- Surface tension concepts like cohesion, adhesion, and their roles in capillary action.
Surface Tension.ppt
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to fluids, including:
- Ideal and viscous fluids, as well as steady or stationary flow.
- The continuity equation, which states that for incompressible, inviscid flow the product of cross-sectional area and velocity is constant.
- Bernoulli's law, which relates pressure, density, velocity, and height for steady flow of an ideal fluid.
- Viscosity and its relationship to laminar flow profiles.
- Poiseuille's law governing volume flowrate under laminar flow conditions.
- Surface tension concepts like cohesion, adhesion, and their roles in capillary action.
Liquids
This document discusses the properties and behaviors of liquids. It explains that liquids are an intermediate phase between solids and gases, with particles having more space between them but still subject to intermolecular attraction. This attraction gives liquids properties like cohesion, surface tension, adhesion, viscosity, evaporation, and volatility. Cohesion refers to attractions between like particles, giving liquids properties such as surface tension and tendency to form spherical drops. Adhesion is the attraction between different particle types, like between liquid and container. Viscosity measures how easily a liquid flows, while evaporation occurs as faster surface particles overcome surface tension. Volatility refers to how likely a substance is to vaporize at normal temperatures.
Surface Tension for Beginners
Surface tension is caused by intermolecular forces that cause liquid molecules to stick together. This gives the surface of the liquid elastic properties. Surface tension allows water bugs to walk on water by distributing their weight to depress the surface without breaking through. It causes water to form spherical drops and objects like needles to float. Higher surface tension at lower temperatures causes folds in milk fat layers. Surface tension decreases with increasing temperature as intermolecular forces weaken. It can be calculated using the formula that divides the dragging force by the length of the surface or the work done divided by the change in surface area.
Tension superficial y capilaridad
Surface tension is caused by molecular forces that attract fluid molecules to each other. This causes fluids to take spherical shapes that minimize their surface area. When a fluid is disturbed from this shape, surface tension acts as a restoring force to return it to a spherical form. Surface tension allows small objects to float on water due to the tension in the distorted water surface around the object's perimeter. Soap reduces surface tension by inserting itself between water molecules.
powerpoint presentation
This document discusses the properties of solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have a definite shape and volume, with molecules closely spaced, while liquids have no definite shape but take the shape of their container. Gases have no definite shape or volume and their particles can move freely past one another. It also discusses how increasing energy causes solids to change to liquids and liquids to change to gases. Surface tension is defined as the contractive tendency of a liquid's surface, and it influences ecosystems and allows objects to float on water.
The 10 properties of liquid
The document discusses several key properties of liquids including surface tension, capillary action, viscosity, incompressibility, diffusibility, evaporation, the cooling effect of evaporation, vapor pressure, boiling point, and heat of vaporization. Surface tension is created by cohesive forces between liquid molecules that cause them to "tighten their hold" on the surface. Capillary action refers to the spontaneous flow of liquid into narrow tubes due to adhesion between the liquid and tube walls and cohesion within the liquid. Viscosity measures a liquid's resistance to flow, while incompressibility refers to how little a liquid can be compressed compared to a gas.
Minggu 2.pptx
1. Sediment transport and deposition is influenced by various transport media such as water, wind, ice and gravity. Water is the dominant transport medium and forms bedforms under different flow regimes.
2. Tides, ocean currents, waves and gravity flows also transport and deposit sediments in marine environments. Tides form regular cycles while ocean currents are driven by wind and density differences. Waves are generated by wind and influence the depth of oscillatory motion.
3. Gravity flows such as debris flows and turbidity currents transport sediments downslope. Debris flows have a high sediment to water ratio while turbidity currents are driven by density differences between the sediment-water mixture and surrounding water.
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[CHEM] Properties of Liquid Viscosity & Surface Tension
[CHEM] Properties of Liquid Viscosity & Surface Tension
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Kuttanad is a low-lying region across three districts in Kerala, India, known for its vast rice paddy fields. Farming and fishing are the main occupations in Kuttanad. The Tottappilli Spillway was constructed in 1959 as a permanent solution to flooding in Kuttanad, diverting waters from nearby rivers to the sea before reaching Vembanad Lake. The Thanneermukkam Bund was built in 1974 across Vembanad Lake to prevent saltwater intrusion into Kuttanad's lowlands. Canals, rivers and lakes in Kuttanad are often used as dumping grounds, polluting the local water sources.
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Light refracts when passing from one optical medium to another with a different density. When light travels from a denser to rarer medium, it bends away from the normal, and when traveling from rarer to denser, it bends towards the normal. The change in direction light undergoes when passing obliquely between media of different densities is called refraction.
surface tension power point presentation
This document discusses surface tension, which allows liquids to resist external forces due to cohesive forces between their molecules. Surface tension is caused by liquid molecules at the surface being pulled inward more than molecules in the bulk of the liquid. This contraction of the surface minimizes its area and causes water droplets to form spherical shapes. The document gives examples of how surface tension allows insects and objects to float on water and causes water to bead up without being absorbed by some surfaces.
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surface tension power point
- 1. WELCOME
- 2. SURFACE TENSION DONE BY, AISWARYA.S PHYSICAL SCIENCE REG.NO.13973001 KUCTE,KOLLAM
- 3. Surface tension is a contractive tendency of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force. Surface tension is an important property that markedly influences the ecosystem.
- 4. •Surface tension is exposed, for example, any time an object or insect (e.g. water striders) that is denser than water is able to float or run along the water surface.
- 6. Forces acting on liquid
- 7. •The cohesive forces among liquid molecules are responsible for the phenomenon of surface tension. •In the bulk of the liquid, each molecule is pulled equally in every direction by neighboring liquid molecules, resulting in a net force of zero. •The molecules at the surface do not have other molecules on all sides of them and therefore are pulled inwards. •This creates some internal pressure and forces liquid surfaces to contract to the minimal area. Surface tension is responsible for the shape of liquid droplets. •Although easily deformed, droplets of water tend to be pulled into a spherical shape by the cohesive forces of the surface layer. • In the absence of other forces, including gravity, drops of virtually all liquids would be approximately spherical. The spherical shape minimizes the necessary "wall tension" of the surface layer according to Laplace's law.
- 8. Effects of surface tension
- 9. Water striders stay atop liquid surface due to surface tension
- 10. Paper clip floats on water due to surface tension
- 11. Water beading on a leaf
- 12. Water dripping from a tap
- 13. Tears of wine
- 14. Water drops attain spherical shape due to surface tension
- 15. Thank you