Pollution is the effect of undesirable changes in the environment that harm plants, animals, and humans. There are many types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, and thermal nuclear pollution. Humans are the main cause of pollution through industry, transportation, and other activities that release harmful gases, chemicals, and waste products into the air, water, and land. Pollution has detrimental health effects and impacts the environment and climate. Various strategies can be taken to reduce pollution and improve air quality.

1. 1

2. Pollution is the effect of undesirable
changes in our surroundings that
have harmful effects on plants,
animals and human beings.

3. 3
Solid
Waste
Air
Water
Pollution
What kinds of pollution are ther
Oil pollution
Soil pollution
Noise pollution
THERMAL NUCLEAR

4. Pollution
What does it look like?
4

5. 5
Industry-
Water pollution

6. 6
Chimney-
Steam and
smoke-
Air pollution

7. Solid Waste
Pollution
7

8. 8
The Argo Merchant
A boat ran aground near Nantucket Island, Massachusetts.
Oil Spill—Water Pollution

9. 9

10. 10
Stop
polluting
the air!
Leave us
alone!

11. Natural:forest fires, pollen, dust storm
Unnatural: man-made; coal, wood and other
fuels used in cars, homes, and factories for
energy
when only short-term economic gains are
made at the cost of the long-term ecological
benefits for humanity. No natural
phenomenon has led to greater ecological
changes than have been made by mankind.
During the last few decades we have
contaminated our air, water and land
on which life itself depends with a variety of
waste products.

12. Pollutants include solid, liquid or gaseous substances
present in greater than natural abundance produced due to
human activity, which have a detrimental effect on our
environment.
The nature and concentration of a pollutant determines
the severity of detrimental effects on human health. An
average human requires about 12 kg of air each day, which
is nearly 12 to15 times greater than the amount of food we
eat. Thus even a small concentration of pollutants in the
air becomes more significant in comparison to the similar
levels present in food. Pollutants that enter water have the
ability to spread to distant places especially in the marine
ecosystem.

13. Ecological point of view Pollutants may be
classified as
Degradable or non-persistent pollutants:
These can be rapidly broken down by natural
processes.
Eg: domestic sewage, discarded vegetables, etc.

14. Ecological point of view Pollutants may be
classified as
Slow dégradable or persistent pollutants:
Pollutants that remain in the environment for
many years in an unchanged condition and
take decades or longer to degrade.
Eg: DDT and most plastics.

15. Ecological point of view Pollutants may be
classified as
Non-degradable pollutants:
These cannot be degraded by natural
processes. Once they are released into the
environment they are difficult to eradicate and
continue to accumulate.
Eg:toxic elements like lead or mercury.

16. 16
AIR POLLUTION

17. HISTORY OF AIR POLLUTION

18. 18
LONDON SMOG IN 1952 MORE THAN 4000 DEATH

19. 19
PEPPERED MOTH

24. Carbon Monoxide
•colorless, odorless
•produced when carbon does not burn in fossil
fuels
•present in car exhaust
•deprives body of O2 causing headaches, fatigue,
and impaired vision

25. Sulfur Dioxide
•produced when coal and fuel oil are
burned
•present in power plant exhaust
•narrows the airway, causing wheezing and
shortness of breath, especially in those with
asthma

26. Nitrogen Dioxide
•reddish, brown gas
•produced when nitric oxide
combines with oxygen in the
atmosphere
•present in car exhaust and power
plants
•affects lungs and causes wheezing;
increases chance of respiratory
infection

27. Particulate Matter
•particles of different sizes and structures that are
released into the atmosphere
•present in many sources including fossil fuels,
dust, smoke, fog, etc.
•can build up in respiratory system
•aggravates heart and lung disease; increases risk
of respiratory infection

28. Ground Level Ozone
•at upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s harmful
UV rays
•at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants
•formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust
•irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung
function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

31. •Combination of gases with water vapor and dust
•Combination of words smoke and fog
•Forms when heat and sunlight react gases
(photochemical smog)
•Occurs often with heavy traffic, high
temperatures, and calm winds

32. ORGANIC AIR POLLUTANTS
Acrylonitrile
Benzene
Butadiene
Carbon disulfide
Carbon monoxide
1,2-Dichloroethane
Dichloromethane
Formaldehyde
Polycycli aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans(PCDDs/PCDFs)
Styrene
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
Trichlorethylene
vinylchloride

33. INORGANIC AIR POLLUTANTS
Arsenic
Asbestos
Cadmium
Chromium
Fluoride
Hydrogen sulfide
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nickel
Platinum
Vanadium

34. CLASSICALAIR POLLUTANTS
Nitrogen dioxide
Ozone and other photochemical oxidants
Particulate matter
Sulfur dioxide

36. •1st smog related deaths were in London in 1873; death
toll 500 people; can you imagine how much worse the
atmosphere is now?!
•Limits visibility
•Decreases UV radiation
•Yellow/black color over cities
•Causes respiratory problems and bronchial related
deaths

43. SOx and NOx pollution

44. Air Pollution:
The Dirty
Truth
©2009 abcteach.com

45. Air pollution is the addition
of gases, chemicals, and
particle matter into the
atmosphere. Air pollution
primarily comes from
burning fossil fuels such as
natural gas, petroleum, and
coal. A study has listed air
pollution as the cause of
four percent of the deaths
in the United States.
©2009 abcteach.com

46. Humans are the main
cause of air pollution.
Industry, including factories
and power plants, burn large
quantities of fuel. Burning
coal and petroleum releases
sulfur oxides and nitrogen
oxide into the air. Airplanes,
boats, and cars burn
petroleum, releasing carbon
monoxide and carbon
dioxide.
©2009 abcteach.com

47. The waste in landfills releases methane. Sulfur
oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, and
methane all have a very negative effect on air quality.
These pollutants can also contribute to the
greenhouse effect.
©2009 abcteach.com

48. Some air pollution is not directly caused by humans: for example, animals emit
carbon dioxide when they breathe, and volcanoes release sulfur oxide.
However, most air pollution is linked directly or indirectly to human activity.
This means that air pollution can be best controlled by modifying human
activity to burn a smaller quantity of fossil fuels.
©2009 abcteach.com

49. ©2009 abcteach.com
 Acute air pollution disaster
may occur whenever
atmospheric conditions
prevent rapid dispersal of
the pollutant

50. 1. A high population density
with a high concentration of
combustion process
2. Seasonal influence
3. Stagnant air situation and
temperature inversion for
several days to week
©2009 abcteach.com

51. ©2009 abcteach.com

52. Aggravated air pollution - industry

53. Aggravated air pollution – industry II

54. Transportation related causes of air pollution

55. Smog over Los Angeles

56. Smog over the Sea of Japan

57. Aerial spraying

58. Natural sources

59. Silent polluters

60. Climate change

61. Overindulgence

65. 65
WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO?

66. •Ride your bike
•Tell your friends and family about pollution
•Make sure your parents get pollution checks on their cars
•Ride the school bus

67. •Learn more; stay up to date
•Join a group to stop pollution
•Encourage your parents to carpool to work
•Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the
room

68.  Encourage your family to
walk more
 Take the school bus
 Reduce the amount of
spray bottles
 Do not burn leaves in
your yard- put them in a
compost
 Keep your family cars in
tune
 Put catalytic converters
on cars
 Share your room with
others when the air
conditioner is on
 Take care of your trees
68
Air Pollution
Solutions

69. Under indulgence?

70. MAKE DO WITH LESS

71. 71
Our health and future are at risk!

72. Effects of Air Pollution
 Health problems
 Damage to the environment
 Damage to property
 Thinning of the protective
ozone layer of the atmosphere
which is leading to climate changes
72

73. 73

74. What is air pollution?
 contamination of the
air by noxious gases
and minute particles of
solid and liquid matter
(particulates) in
concentrations that
endanger health
 Air pollution only
occurs outdoors

75. Sources of Outside Air Pollution
 Combustion of gasoline and
other hydrocarbon fuels in cars,
trucks, and airplanes
 Burning of fossil fuels (oil, coal,
and dinosaur bones)
 Insecticides
 Herbicides
 Everyday radioactive fallouts
 Dust from fertilizers
 Mining operations
 Livestock feedlots

76.  A major form of air pollution is emissions given
off by vehicles.
 The number of cars in EU has doubled between
1970 and 1994 – 3% per year

77. What’s in smog
 particulates (especially
lead)
 nitrous oxides
 potassium
 Carbon monoxide
 Other toxic chemicals

78. Sources of Indoor pollution
 Efficient insulation
 Bacteria
 Molds and mildews
 Viruses
 animal dander and cat saliva
 plants
 house dust
 Mites
 Cockroaches
 pollen

79. Effects on the environment
 Acid rain
 Ozone depletion
 Global warming
 In human population-
respiratory problems,
allergies, strengthens
lugs, and a risk for
cancer

80. Acid rain
 contains high levels of sulfuric
or nitric acids
 contaminate drinking water and
vegetation
 damage aquatic life
 erode buildings
 Alters the chemical equilibrium
of some soils

82. Strategies Air Quality Management Plan
 Development of new
technology- electric cars,
cleaner fuels, low nitrogen
oxide boilers and water
healers, zero polluting
paints, less polluting BBQ
lighter fluids
 Use of natural gas
 Carpooling
 Follow the laws enacted

83. Urban Emissions
•There are small emissions of NOx from industrial
processes
•The main emissions are from combustion.
•There is negligible nitrogen in gasoline or diesel fuels
so the nitrogen oxides arise from the N2 and O2 in the
air.
•Sulphur dioxides arise from the sulphur present in
most fuels.
•Particulate matter describes matter below 10μm
aerodynamic diameter.

84. Role of Engines and Fuel
 Different engines and fuel combinations give out
different emissions in different quantities.
 Some engines have catalysts which effectively remove
part of the harmful gases.

85. Catalytic Converters and
Particle Traps
 Catalytic converters can be fitted to cars to reduce NOx
emissions.
CO + HC + NOx H2O + N2 + CO2
Platinum Honeycomb
 Particle traps can be used to reduce PM10 and NOx, but the
effectiveness is severely reduced if the fuel the vehicle
burns has a high sulphur content.
 The major target in the battle for cleaner cities is diesel.

87. STRATEGIE
The Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) approach:
 Based on scientific knowledge
 Using best available, quality-controlled real-world data
 With close involvement of stakeholders:
1. Project future emissions and air quality resulting from
full implementation of current EU legislation
2. Explore scope and costs for further measures
3. Analyze cost-effective policy scenarios
4. Estimate benefits of policy scenarios

88. Particulate Matter (PM ) Pollution
- Traffic emissions including diesel engines
- Small combustion sources burnng coal and wood
- Reductions of SO2, N0x, NH3 and VOC

89. Ground level ozone
- VOC control to reduce ozone in cities
- N0x reduction from traffic
- Control of N0x emissions from ships
- Methane reduction

90. Multi-pollutant/multi-effect analysis
for identifying cost-effective policy scenarios
SO2 NOx VOCNH3PM
Health AcidificationEutrophication Ozone
RAINS
computer model
CAFE policy targets for 2020

91. Une pincée de NOx et quelques photons
pour faire un peu d’ozone
(l < 430 nm)NO + ONO2 + hn
O + O2 O3
Mais pas trop de NOx ce qui détruit une partie de
l'ozone formé,
Ni trop de COV ce qui en produit de trop !
NO2 + O2
O3 + NO
RO2 + NO
La cuisine photochimique : mais c’est très simple !

92. LES COV
40 BTX automatiques
50 Campagnes COV/an (tubes
à diffusion, canisters, …)
CPG automatiques
(31 composés)
Monitoring of NOX - COV
LES NOX
505 NO2 automatiques
en sites fixes

93. Dépassements du seuil d’information et de recommandation
de la population 180µg/m3/h – été 2003
Durées cumulées des dépassementsNb d’évènements de dépassement
• 86 % des sites ont connu au moins 1 dépassement du seuil 180
• Durée moyenne des dépassements : 34h par capteur,
• Principales régions concernées : Alsace, Centre, Ile de France, PACA, Rhône Alpes
• Les zones habituellement épargnées du littoral Atlantique ont été touchées

94. Echantillons d’aérosols prélevés
chaque semaine au Pic du Midi
(3000m )depuis Juin 2002
(LA, LMTG, LGGE, LSCE)
Source : C. Liousse et al. 2004 - CNRS
L’été 2003 s’est également caractérisé par des niveaux élevés de
<NO2 et de particules en raison d’une forte activité
photochimique
Eté 2002
Eté 2003
filtres du 1-8 Août et
Du 8-15 Août
Effet canicule ?
Été 2002

95. FLOW INFORMATION