ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN WATER
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The document analyzes physical and chemical parameters of the Korapuzha River in Kerala, India. Water samples were collected from four sampling stations along the river and its tributaries. Tests found higher levels of chloride, total dissolved solids, sulfates and hardness in downstream areas, indicating pollution from external sources spreading upstream. The pollution is likely due to unplanned development, excavation, and other human activities introducing seawater into the river from estuaries. While some parameters like pH, nitrates, and iron met quality standards, others like chloride, TDS, sulfates and hardness exceeded limits, signaling pollution problems in the river.
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This document describes methods developed for the analysis of anions and cations in water samples using ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Two IC systems were validated for the analysis of 7 anions and 6 cations. Validation included determining linearity, limits of detection and quantification, stability, accuracy, and reproducibility. Water samples were then analyzed and results compared to those from ICP-OES. The IC methods were shown to give comparable results to ICP-OES, with better detection limits for most ions. However, further work is needed to fully characterize stability of standards and samples.
Chemical Studies on the Water Quality in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia
Abstract— The water quality was studied for selected samples from groundwater and network water-supply. The values of NH3, NO3-, pH, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, Pb, Cd, Fe3+ and Mn2+ were estimated. Ammonia values ranged between 0.07-0.7 ppm. Nitrate values ranged between 2.4 and 0.35 ppm. The TDS was between 645 ppm and 480 ppm. For Fe3+ and Mn2+ the values are below the limits of WHO except for well 9; and manganese in wells 6-10. Several wells showed values of Cd above the Saudi STD. The network water-supply in Tabuk city was investigated. The TDS values for these samples were between 500-600 ppm. The hardness values exceed the Saudi STD limit. When ammonia was tested, only one sample showed high value. Chloride level was below 158 ppm, but sulfate values for most samples were 128-222 ppm. For iron only one sample (well no. 9) was above the permissible limit.
A water quality field study 2010
This document outlines a water quality field study to compare and contrast freshwater systems using various probes and tests. Students will measure temperature, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen at multiple sites to analyze water health. They will also make visual observations and sample macroinvertebrates. The objectives are to understand factors affecting each measurement and how they indicate water quality. A hypothesis about site comparisons will be stated before collecting and analyzing data.
Water Quality Assessment through GIS: A Case Study of Sukhna Lake, Chandigarh...
This document summarizes a study assessing the water quality of Sukhna Lake in Chandigarh, India through GIS analysis. Water samples were collected from eight locations around the lake and tested for various physicochemical and bacteriological parameters, including pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and E. coli. The results found that most parameter levels were within national standards for freshwater lakes, except for higher readings of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and turbidity at some sites, indicating moderate pollution. GIS maps were created to visualize the spatial variation of parameters like biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved oxygen across the lake. The study aims to evaluate the current water quality conditions and identify pollution hot
Evaluation of water quality and toxicity after exposure of lead nitrate in Cy...
This presentation is made on the research paper "Evaluation of water quality and toxicity after exposure of lead nitrate in Cyprinus carpio"
which is written by Paul et., al 2019
Water Quality Assessment of Kukkarahalli Lake Water Mysore, Karnataka, India
This document analyzes water quality parameters of Kukkarahalli Lake in Mysore, Karnataka, India. Water samples were collected and tested for pH, electrical conductivity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, alkalinity, and total dissolved solids. The water quality index was calculated using these parameters and found to be 81.09 for sample 1 and 76.74 for sample 2, indicating very poor water quality. Several parameters like alkalinity, calcium, and magnesium exceeded WHO and Indian standards, likely due to sewage and industrial waste entering the lake. The study concludes the lake water is highly polluted and not suitable for drinking or domestic use without treatment. Immediate action is needed to stop further pollution
VIMLESH Project REPORT
The document is a project report on water quality mapping using GIS in Gorakhpur City, India. It discusses collecting water samples from 30 locations, testing them for parameters like pH, alkalinity, hardness, chloride, and TDS. The data is then integrated with a spatial database and used to develop interactive water quality maps showing spatial variation of parameters and water quality classification within the district. The objectives are to study groundwater quality variation, integrate quality data with spatial data, develop interactive maps, and assess water suitability for drinking.
Ijciet 10 02_018
Water is an important natural resource, which forms the cause of all life. Water is
one of the most requisite materials in our day to day life. It is a key resource in all
economic activities ranging from agriculture to industries. Only a minimal fraction of
the planet’s plentiful water is available to the living beings as fresh water. About 97%
is found in the oceans and is very salty for drinking, irrigation, or industry. The
remaining 3% is fresh water. About 2.997% of it is arrested in ice caps or glaciers or
is concealed so deep that it costs too much time & money to extract. Only about
0.0035 of Earth’s total volume of water is easily available to us as soil moisture,
exploitable ground water, water vapor, rivers, lakes and streams. In this present study
by a systematic sampling has been carried out to find the water quality parameters of
the Lake, by collecting samples from Six different positions, which covering entire
area of the lake, and the stations were distributed covering the periphery of the entire
tank, and also considering the inflow and the discharges and to suggest required
management techniques to make water free from the pollution
study of fish diversity of shahpura lake, bhopal, India
This document is a submission by Abhishek Giri, a student in the Department of Zoology and Applied Aquaculture at Barkatullah University in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. It discusses a study of the physico-chemical parameters and fish diversity of Shahpura Lake in Bhopal. Water samples were collected from four sites over three months and various parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen were analyzed. Six fish species belonging to two families were found. Tilapia mossambica was the most dominant and abundant species, which can pose a threat to local fish populations.
Clemson hydrogeology presentation 2010
The document summarizes a study of a spring water source in Bay Springs, South Carolina to determine its potential for bottled spring water. Water samples were taken directly from the spring and from a nearby pond fed by the spring. Chemical analysis showed the water quality met South Carolina drinking water standards, with very low levels of substances like calcium, iron, nitrates, and metals. No pesticides, volatile organics, or other contaminants were detected. The spring could potentially be used for bottled water depending on demand and obtaining the necessary permits.
CHARACTERIZATION OF LEACHATE FROM MUNCIPAL LANDFILL AND ITS EFFECT ON SURROUN...
Percolating water passing through waste becomes contaminated and will have dissolved soluble organic and inorganic compounds as well as suspended particles. Also the pore fluid of the waste is often released and mixes with this water. The entire contaminated fluid is called leachate. There are many factors that affect leachate production like annual precipitation, runoff, infiltration, evaporation, transpiration, and freezing, mean ambient temperature, waste composition, waste density, initial moisture content, and depth of the waste fill. The production of leachate reduces when a landfill is closed. The decomposition of waste in presence of water can be separated into two different phases of degradation viz., initial aerobic and subsequent anaerobic. Generally, the leachate undergoes natural chemical changes over time that reduces its toxicity. Some of the soluble contaminants enrich the water table, or the saturated zone. Some of remaining molecules naturally adsorbed to the clay liner particles. The paper discusses the characteristics of leachate generated from municipal solid waste landfill and its effect on surrounding water bodies near Mavallipura landfill area in Bangalore. Two samples of water from the nearby pond and well were collected from downstream of Mavallipura landfill site. Physico-chemical characterization of leachate has shown that the leachate contains high concentrations of organic and inorganic constituents beyond the permissible limits. While the heavy metals concentration was in traces as the waste is dumped in the landfill is mainly domestic in nature. The pH of the leachate is marginally alkaline as the pH is 7.4. The results also showed that the highest metal concentration that exists in the leachate was Iron which is about of 11.16 ppm. BOD5 and COD of the leachate are 1500 mg/l and 10400 mg/l, respectively. The leachate characteristics indicate favorable growth of algae in natural water contaminated with leachate with the alkaline condition and with the presence of magnesium as nutrient, which has been confirmed in the nearby surface pond. Knowledge of leachate quality will be useful in planning and providing remedial measures to protect surface and ground water quality in the area.
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Chemical Studies on the Water Quality in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia
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clarification on sampling excercise and case studies SUBBURAJ Dy.Director.ppt
clarification on sampling excercise and case studies SUBBURAJ Dy.Director.pptSUBBURAJ DEPUTY DIRECTOR
The document is a clarification from the Deputy Director of the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India regarding sampling and case studies. It discusses different types of samples including regulatory samples which can be used for legal action, and surveillance samples which are for monitoring purposes only. It provides examples of case studies involving investigational samples, including one where a product was found to be misbranded for not disclosing an ingredient, and another where a product was found to be unsafe due to the presence of pesticides.FOOD FORTIFICATION
This document defines key terms related to food fortification and outlines standards and guidelines for fortifying various foods in India. It defines fortification as deliberately increasing micronutrients in food to improve nutrition and public health. It provides permissible levels of micronutrients to fortify foods like rice, wheat flour, milk, oil, and salt. General principles are that fortification aims to prevent or reduce deficiencies and support health. Manufacturers must ensure fortified foods meet micronutrient levels and comply with packaging, labeling, and quality assurance standards.
FSS LABELLING & DISPLAY REGULATION 2020.pptx
The document discusses India's Food Safety and Standards (Labelling and Display) Regulations, 2020. Some key points:
- The new regulations aim to make national labelling policies more robust and effective by separating packaging, labelling and advertising requirements into different regulations.
- Key labelling requirements include declaring ingredients, nutritional information, allergens, expiry dates, manufacturer details, and logos indicating if a product is vegetarian or non-vegetarian.
- Specific labelling is required for products containing additives like colors, sweeteners, MSG, etc. Menu labelling in restaurants is also addressed.
- The regulations seek to provide consumers with more information to make informed choices about food products
ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM
An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact. Energy from the sun is absorbed by producers like plants through photosynthesis and transfers through consumers to decomposers. Organisms fill different roles as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, decomposers and form complex food webs. Nutrient cycles like carbon and nitrogen allow recycling of essential elements. Limiting factors shape ecosystem structure and function.
Food Adulteration
The document discusses food adulteration, safety standards and regulations in India. It describes the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) and state food safety departments that are responsible for enforcing food safety. It defines terms like food, adulteration, adulterants, unsafe food, substandard food and misbranded food. It provides examples of adulterants found in foods like oils and their health effects. It also discusses synthetic dyes permitted and not permitted to be used in foods in India.
FOOD SAFETY LICENSE and registration
The document discusses food safety and standards for rice based value added products in India. It provides an overview of the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), which is responsible for implementing food regulations. It outlines the key provisions of the Food Safety and Standards Act 2006 regarding licensing and registration requirements for food businesses. It also summarizes some of the important food safety and standards regulations implemented by FSSAI, including standards for different types of rice and food products.
Food safety mitra
This document provides an overview of the Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006 in India and the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). It discusses the objectives of the act to establish uniform standards for food safety and consolidate previous related acts. It introduces FSSAI as the governing body for food safety in India with the mandate to ensure availability of safe food. The roles and responsibilities of FSSAI are outlined, including framing regulations, licensing food businesses, import clearance, and creating awareness. An introduction to the concept of Food Safety Mitras is also provided.
Current status of food fortification in india
This document provides an overview of food fortification efforts in India. It notes that India faces significant challenges with undernutrition, micronutrient malnutrition, and overnutrition. Food fortification is presented as a cost-effective strategy to address micronutrient deficiencies. The document outlines the various foods being fortified in India (wheat flour, rice, milk, oil, double fortified salt) through both public programs and open commercial markets. It provides details on the regulatory status and progress of fortification across states and union territories. Overall, the summary highlights that food fortification is a scalable solution being implemented in India to combat malnutrition in a sustainable and cost-effective manner.
ecological succession
Ecological succession describes how communities of plants and animals change over time in a particular area. There are two types of succession: primary succession, which occurs in areas without soil like after a volcanic eruption, and secondary succession, which occurs in areas with existing soil like after a forest fire. During primary succession, pioneer species like lichens and mosses establish first and help develop soil over time. Later stages see grasses and shrubs followed by trees. Secondary succession reestablishes ecosystems more quickly since soil remains intact, beginning with plants adapted to disturbed areas like fireweed before trees and other late stage species return. All succession leads eventually to a climax community of species best adapted to the local environment that will persist until
ECOSYSTEM
An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact with each other. Biotic factors include living organisms like plants, animals, and microbes, while abiotic factors refer to non-living physical and chemical elements like water, soil, sunlight, temperature, and minerals. Organisms depend on each other through food webs, with energy transferring between trophic levels from producers to primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. Ecosystems also cycle nutrients through the actions of decomposers which break down organic matter. Examples of ecosystems include forests, grasslands, freshwater and marine environments.
FOOD COLOUR
This document summarizes the results of a study analyzing the synthetic colours used in various sugar-based confectionaries. The following key points are made:
- Fourteen confectionery samples were tested and most contained permitted synthetic colours, while a few contained mixtures of permitted and non-permitted colours.
- The concentrations of synthetic colours in homemade and small-scale products often exceeded safety limits. Tartrazine and sunset yellow were the most widely used permitted colours.
- Non-permitted colours like amaranth and rhodamine B were detected in some products. More public awareness efforts are needed regarding synthetic colours, especially concerning children.
- In conclusion, unauthorized colour use has decreased but more
Eco system
An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact with each other. Biotic factors include living organisms like plants, animals, and microbes, while abiotic factors refer to non-living physical and chemical elements like water, soil, sunlight, temperature, and minerals. Organisms depend on each other through food webs, with energy transferring between trophic levels from producers to primary, secondary and tertiary consumers. Ecosystems also cycle nutrients through the actions of decomposers which break down organic matter. Examples of ecosystems include forests, grasslands, freshwater and marine environments.
synthetic food colours
This document discusses the use of synthetic colours in food. It begins by explaining how synthetic colours are added to foods to attract consumers as colour is a major factor in food acceptance. Synthetic colours correct natural variations and solve problems like colour loss during storage. They provide bright, uniform colours and are cheaper and more stable than natural colours. However, synthetic colours can cause issues like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children who are more vulnerable. The document then analyses different sweets and finds that most contain synthetic colours above permitted levels, with tartrazine and sunset yellow being most common. It concludes by recommending continued efforts to increase awareness of risks among manufacturers and consumers.
Noise pollution
This document discusses noise pollution, defining it as unwanted or disruptive sound that negatively impacts human or animal life. It begins by defining key terms like noise, sound, and decibels. The main sources of noise pollution are then outlined, such as transportation, construction, and consumer products. The health effects of noise pollution on humans and animals are explored, including hearing impairment, decreased work efficiency, lack of concentration, and increased risk of heart attacks. Solutions to noise pollution problems are proposed, such as enforcing limits on vehicle horns and loud speakers and planting trees to absorb sound. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of noise pollution causes, impacts, and potential mitigation strategies.
Air pollution final
Pollution is the effect of undesirable changes in the environment that harm plants, animals, and humans. There are many types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, and thermal nuclear pollution. Humans are the main cause of pollution through industry, transportation, and other activities that release harmful gases, chemicals, and waste products into the air, water, and land. Pollution has detrimental health effects and impacts the environment and climate. Various strategies can be taken to reduce pollution and improve air quality.
Soil and water pollution
This document discusses different types of soil pollution in India. The main types of soil in India are identified as red soil, laterites, black soil, alluvial soil, forest/hill soil, and peaty/marshy soil. Soil pollution is defined as the addition of any substance that negatively impacts land or living things. Major causes of soil pollution are identified as industrial and urban waste disposal, mining, excessive or improper use of fertilizers and pesticides, and unplanned agricultural practices. The effects of soil pollution include the spread of pathogens, toxicity from heavy metals/chemicals, reduced crop yields, increased soil salinity, and damage to plant growth. Controlling soil pollution involves treating sewage, limiting
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Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
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原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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How about Huawei mobile phone-www.cfye-commerce.shop
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ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN WATER
- 1. ANALYSIS OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF KORAPUZHA RIVER IN KERALA, INDIA SUBBURAJ.M REGIONAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORY GOVERNMENT OF KERALA CALICUT -695009
- 2. Korapuzha also known as Elathur river is a short river flowing through various cities in the Calicut district of Kerala state in India and empties into the Arabian sea.
- 3. B It is formed by the confluence of two streams agalapuzha and punnoorpuzha in wayanad.
- 4. Sampling stations were identified from Korapuzha, Korapuzha kuniyil kadavu and the two streams Agalapuzha and Punnoorpuzha.
- 5. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study aims to check the present status of water quality with physical and chemical parameters The samples for analysis were collected in a two liter sterilized bottles using the standard procedure accordance with standard methods of APHA-2005. The samples were labeled and transport them to the laboratory as earlier as possible. All the chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade. Double distilled water was used for the preparation of solutions.
- 6. Parameters Physical parameters - Colour - Appearance - Odour Chemical Parameters - PH, - alkalinity, - chloride, - nitrate, - nitrite, - sulphate, - ammonia, - dissolved oxygen, - total solids, - total hardness, - iron
- 7. Parameters KORAPUZHA KORAPUZHA KUNIYIL KADAVU PUNNOOR PUZHA AGALAPUZHA pH 7.2 7.1 6.9 6.9 Alkalinity 102.3 96.5 20.8 22.3 Chloride 20400 15400 8.6 12.4 Nitrate ND ND ND ND Nitrite ND ND ND ND Ammonia ND ND ND ND Sulphate 2500 2500 ND ND DO 7.6 7.5 6.1 6.1 TDS 34089.1 25718.5 102.8 113.6 Hardness 5800.9 2600.4 24.7 30.8 Iron 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.3 ND- Not detectable
- 8. discussion The observation in this study indicates that the higher values of chloride, total dissolved solids, Sulphates and hardness shows that the water is highly polluted by some external sources the intensity of pollution is gradually spread towards the upstream. The pollution may be due to the unplanned development and unscientific way of excavation, anthropogenic activities and other developments which leads to the intrusion of sea water in to the river from estuaries.
- 9. Acknowledgement Regional analytical laboratory Government of Kerala Mity thambi Mahesh G
- 10. Thank You
- 11. Quality Sample range WHO LIMIT USEPA CPCB IS-10500 status Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max pH 6.9 7.2 7.0 9.2 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5 satisfied Alkalinit y 20.8 102.3 - 200 - 200 - 200 - 200 satisfied Chloride 8.6 2040 0 200 600 - 250 Not satisfied Nitrate 0 0 - 45 - 45 - 20 - 45 satisfied Nitrite 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 satisfied Ammoni a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 satisfied Sulphate 0 2500 - 200 - 400 - 200 - 200 Not satisfied DO 6.1 7.6 - 6.0 - - satisfied TDS 102. 8 3408 9 500 1500 - 500 - 500 - 500 Not satisfied Hardness 24.7 5801 100 500 - - - 300 - 300 Not satisfied Iron 0.3 0.6 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.0 0.1 1.0 satisfied