This document provides information on air pollution and water pollution in Bangladesh. It discusses the major sources and types of air pollutants in Bangladesh, with a focus on the high levels of air pollution in Dhaka. It notes that vehicular emissions and industrial emissions are the primary sources of air pollution. It also discusses various studies that have been conducted on air quality in Dhaka and high lead levels found in the city's air and in children. The document then briefly discusses sources of water pollution in Bangladesh, including point sources like factories and sewage, and nonpoint sources like cropland and urban areas.
Environmental problem is a major problem in Bangladesh. People don't take this matter seriously like poor country whether other developed countries are taken necessary steps to protect their environment. In this slide presentation, we want to discuss about causes, effects, government steps & various ways to protect our environment. Hope, you'll enjoy this presentation. Thank you All.
The document discusses climate change impacts and policies in Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to factors like its geography, population density, and economic reliance on agriculture and fisheries. Key impacts include increased flooding, cyclones, droughts, salinity intrusion, and effects on water resources. Bangladesh has adopted policies like the National Adaptation Program of Action and Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan to undertake adaptation projects and promote sustainable development while addressing climate change challenges.
Presentation on Groundwater of BanladeshImran Rakib
This document summarizes a course on fundamentals of environmental science presented by MD Imran Hossain Rakib at Bangladesh University of Professionals. The course objectives are to understand the current status, uses, and pollution of groundwater in Bangladesh, including the impact of arsenic. Most of Bangladesh relies on groundwater, which can become polluted from point sources like leaks or non-point sources like agriculture. High levels of arsenic in groundwater are poisoning crops and humans, as 59 of 64 districts studied had arsenic above the WHO limit of 10 μg/L. Prevention and awareness are needed to address groundwater pollution in Bangladesh.
This presentation will cover:
General information about Bangladesh
Seasons of Bangladesh
River of Bangladesh
Amount monthly precipitation over the year
Average humidity over the year
Water quality standards
Hazards Bangladesh faces
Flood and drought event in Bangladesh
Water pollution in Bangladesh
Government’s law and policy
This presentation is entitled as Climate change impact on Bangladesh. It includes the possible impact on Bangladesh in different sectors like agriculture, food security, coastal areas, industry, migration pattern etc. It also describes about the possible climate change scenarios of Bangladesh in different condition along with its impact.
The document discusses ozone layer depletion, which is the wearing down of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation from the sun. Ozone layer depletion is primarily caused by human activities like the use of chlorofluorocarbons in industries. This leads to impacts like increased skin cancer and damage to agriculture and marine life. Some measures to prevent further ozone layer depletion include limiting CFC use, switching to alternative refrigerants, and enacting regulations on emissions.
The Sundarban Forest in Bangladesh makes significant contributions to the country's economy. It covers about 6,000 square kilometers in Bangladesh and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The forest contributes over 5 billion taka annually to Bangladesh's economy through tourism, protection from natural disasters, and livelihoods for local people. However, the forest also faces threats from illegal logging, pollution from oil spills and ship sinkings, and potential contamination from a planned coal-fired power plant. The government is implementing projects to sustainably develop the forest's resources and increase local incomes, while also working to limit environmental damage and overexploitation of the forest.
Environmental problem is a major problem in Bangladesh. People don't take this matter seriously like poor country whether other developed countries are taken necessary steps to protect their environment. In this slide presentation, we want to discuss about causes, effects, government steps & various ways to protect our environment. Hope, you'll enjoy this presentation. Thank you All.
The document discusses climate change impacts and policies in Bangladesh. It notes that Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to factors like its geography, population density, and economic reliance on agriculture and fisheries. Key impacts include increased flooding, cyclones, droughts, salinity intrusion, and effects on water resources. Bangladesh has adopted policies like the National Adaptation Program of Action and Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan to undertake adaptation projects and promote sustainable development while addressing climate change challenges.
Presentation on Groundwater of BanladeshImran Rakib
This document summarizes a course on fundamentals of environmental science presented by MD Imran Hossain Rakib at Bangladesh University of Professionals. The course objectives are to understand the current status, uses, and pollution of groundwater in Bangladesh, including the impact of arsenic. Most of Bangladesh relies on groundwater, which can become polluted from point sources like leaks or non-point sources like agriculture. High levels of arsenic in groundwater are poisoning crops and humans, as 59 of 64 districts studied had arsenic above the WHO limit of 10 μg/L. Prevention and awareness are needed to address groundwater pollution in Bangladesh.
This presentation will cover:
General information about Bangladesh
Seasons of Bangladesh
River of Bangladesh
Amount monthly precipitation over the year
Average humidity over the year
Water quality standards
Hazards Bangladesh faces
Flood and drought event in Bangladesh
Water pollution in Bangladesh
Government’s law and policy
This presentation is entitled as Climate change impact on Bangladesh. It includes the possible impact on Bangladesh in different sectors like agriculture, food security, coastal areas, industry, migration pattern etc. It also describes about the possible climate change scenarios of Bangladesh in different condition along with its impact.
The document discusses ozone layer depletion, which is the wearing down of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful UV radiation from the sun. Ozone layer depletion is primarily caused by human activities like the use of chlorofluorocarbons in industries. This leads to impacts like increased skin cancer and damage to agriculture and marine life. Some measures to prevent further ozone layer depletion include limiting CFC use, switching to alternative refrigerants, and enacting regulations on emissions.
The Sundarban Forest in Bangladesh makes significant contributions to the country's economy. It covers about 6,000 square kilometers in Bangladesh and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The forest contributes over 5 billion taka annually to Bangladesh's economy through tourism, protection from natural disasters, and livelihoods for local people. However, the forest also faces threats from illegal logging, pollution from oil spills and ship sinkings, and potential contamination from a planned coal-fired power plant. The government is implementing projects to sustainably develop the forest's resources and increase local incomes, while also working to limit environmental damage and overexploitation of the forest.
Climate change will negatively impact global food production and supply in several ways:
1. Rising temperatures, droughts, and extreme weather from climate change will reduce crop yields for many plants worldwide, especially in dry and tropical regions. This will decrease global food availability.
2. Climate change will also harm livestock through heat stress, drought reducing pastures and feed, and increasing diseases. It may also decrease the nutritional quality of livestock feed.
3. Fisheries will be negatively impacted as some fish species shift ranges, diseases spread, and ocean acidification harms shellfish. This threatens food supplies and livelihoods in fishing communities.
Arsenic contamination and arsenicosis in jessore, bangladesh (1990 2010)azamushahiullah prottoy
This document summarizes a presentation on arsenic contamination and related health issues in Jessore, Bangladesh from 1990-2010. It discusses that groundwater in Jessore contains 10 times higher arsenic concentrations than WHO recommendations. The main causes of contamination are low-lying water tables and microbial changes to sediments. Long-term exposure causes arsenicosis, with symptoms ranging from skin lesions to cancer. Mitigation techniques discussed include oxidation, co-precipitation, lime filtration, and ion exchange to remove arsenic from drinking water. NGOs are also working in Jessore to address the arsenic problem.
Presentation delivered by Professor David Hulme at IUB University and ICCCAD in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Confronts Climate Change is avaiable here: www.anthempress.com/bangladesh-confronts-climate-change-pb
1.3c Methodology for Climate Change Risk Assessment Using Text MiningNAP Events
This document summarizes research assessing climate change risks through text mining of newspaper articles. The research aims to evaluate climate change risks objectively and inform climate change adaptation policy. It analyzes over 4,000 newspaper articles on climate impacts to identify 181 climate risks. It calculates the frequency and damage amounts of each risk to assess consequences and probabilities. Major risks include coastal and agricultural land damage from flooding. The analysis compares identified risks to existing adaptation measures and policies.
This document discusses Bangladesh's experience with climate change impacts and adaptation strategies. It provides background on the vulnerability of Bangladesh's deltas to sea level rise, cyclones, and flooding. It then outlines several autonomous and planned adaptation approaches used in Bangladesh, including coastal afforestation, embankments, transitional shelters, and housing elevated on stilts. The document recommends prioritizing mangrove planting, implementing tidal river management, encouraging accommodative settlement patterns, and facilitating planned resettlement to safer areas. It stresses the importance of community participation and cultural acceptance for successful adaptation.
,
environmental degradation and-development_in_bangl
,
poverty
,
ecosystem
,
environmental degradation
,
causes of environmental degradation
,
urbanization
,
transport activities
,
major environmental problems in bangladesh
,
role of iucn and greenpeace
Flooding regularly occurs in Bangladesh due to several factors:
1) Bangladesh has a low-lying delta region with 70% of land under 1m above sea level, making it prone to flooding from rivers and monsoon rains.
2) Heavy monsoon rains from May to October cause rivers like the Ganges and Brahmaputra to overflow their banks.
3) Melting snow from the Himalayas in spring adds additional water to rivers flowing through Bangladesh.
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances like gases, dust, fumes or smoke are introduced into the atmosphere. There are two types of pollutants: primary, which are directly emitted, and secondary, which form from chemical reactions between primary pollutants. Major causes of air pollution include emissions from industries, burning fossil fuels for transportation, and household/farming chemicals. Effects of air pollution include acidification, eutrophication, ground-level ozone formation, and particulate matter in the air. Control measures involve reducing emissions through planting trees, using cleaner fuels, mass transportation, and separating industrial and residential areas.
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on Bangladesh's coastal zone. It notes that 20% of Bangladesh's land and 30% of its cultivable land is located in coastal zones, which are home to 35 million people. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of cyclones, floods, erosion, and salinity intrusion. The government has implemented policies like coastal zone management plans and funding mechanisms to build infrastructure and resilience. However, challenges remain around declining ecosystems, pollution, and adapting to issues like sea level rise and changing rainfall patterns.
This document discusses air pollution, its causes, and effects. It defines air pollution as occurring when harmful amounts of gases, dust, fumes or odors are present in the air. The six most common pollutants are particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, and ground-level ozone. Major sources of pollution include vehicles, industries, crop burning, and others. Air pollution affects both human and environmental health, causing diseases and issues like acid rain and global climate change. The document examines pollution levels and control measures in Delhi, India.
Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy in BangladeshRomeo Afrin Upama
This is a compilation of the major national and international laws, conventions relevant to SD Goals and inter institutional structures of Bangladesh that supports the laws amendment and agreements. And recent national policy and implementation scenario and limitations of law, policy and institutions in implementing SD Goals.
Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its location in a delta region with high population density and most areas being less than 5 meters above sea level. Climate change is expected to exacerbate existing threats like sea level rise, stronger cyclones, heavier monsoon rains, flooding from the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers, and drought in northern areas. This will negatively impact the lives and livelihoods of Bangladeshis, many of whom work in fishing and rice farming. Heavier rains could wash away homes and crops, while flooding and drought could destroy harvests and force people into debt.
Development Planning and Management Ecosystem in Bangladesh
Business as Usual VS BDP 2100
Delta Opportunities
Delta Challenges
BDP 2100: Vision, Goals and Adaptive Approach
BDP 2100 Strategies
Financing Strategy & Investment Plan
BDP 2100 Governance: Implementation Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation and Delta Knowledge Hub
Delta Decision Support Tool and Knowledge Management
Lecture-4 Climate Change Effect and Strategic Initiatives of BangladeshShankor Paul
The document summarizes a lecture on climate change effects and strategic initiatives in Bangladesh. It defines climate change and the greenhouse effect process. It describes the major causes of global warming such as carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and deforestation. Effects include rising sea levels, more floods and cyclones in Bangladesh. Climate change vulnerabilities vary across regions like coastal, floodplain and hilly areas. Government policies encourage clean energy and the country has signed agreements on climate change. Strategic initiatives include adaptation programs, a climate change cell, and a $100 million annual fund.
This document discusses global warming and its causes. It explains that global warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat in the atmosphere. The primary greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. The document then lists some of the major impacts of global warming, such as sea level rise, more extreme weather, wildfires, health impacts, and damage to coral reefs. It also shows the top five countries by greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, it provides some solutions to global warming like reducing fossil fuel use, planting trees, reducing waste, and conserving water.
Natural Hazards and Disaster In Bangladeshমির্জা মামুন
Bangladesh faces several natural hazards and disasters due to its geography and climate, including floods, cyclones, droughts, earthquakes, and landslides. Floods are the most common hazard, regularly affecting large areas of the low-lying country, while cyclones can cause widespread damage from heavy winds and storm surges. The author examines the definitions of hazards and disasters and outlines the key hazards facing Bangladesh.
This document provides information on climate change from a lecture given by Md. Abdullah-Al-Mahbub. It defines weather and climate, noting that weather is specific conditions over days while climate is average conditions over decades for a region. It discusses factors that determine climate like latitude, altitude, winds, and oceans. It also covers causes of climate change, distinguishing between natural causes like orbital changes, solar variations, and volcanic eruptions, and anthropogenic causes like greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use and population growth since the Industrial Revolution. Finally, it lists some critical changes caused by climate change like warming temperatures, changes to the water cycle, and declining glaciers.
This presentation discusses pollution in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. It begins with an introduction to the presenter and presentation outline. It then provides background on Dhaka City, noting its population, area, and location. The presentation identifies major problems facing Dhaka City, including pollution. It defines pollution and discusses different types of pollution occurring in Dhaka City, specifically air, water, and noise pollution. Causes of each type are presented along with their negative health and environmental impacts. The presentation concludes by recommending actions to reduce pollution through public awareness campaigns, green technology, afforestation, legal enforcement, and further research.
Air pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the atmosphere that can damage health and the environment. Major air pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and ground-level ozone. Sources of air pollution include the burning of fossil fuels from vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes. Exposure to air pollutants can cause respiratory and heart problems and increase health risks. Methods to reduce air pollution involve using pollution control devices in vehicles and factories, switching to cleaner fuels, and promoting practices that decrease automobile usage.
Climate change will negatively impact global food production and supply in several ways:
1. Rising temperatures, droughts, and extreme weather from climate change will reduce crop yields for many plants worldwide, especially in dry and tropical regions. This will decrease global food availability.
2. Climate change will also harm livestock through heat stress, drought reducing pastures and feed, and increasing diseases. It may also decrease the nutritional quality of livestock feed.
3. Fisheries will be negatively impacted as some fish species shift ranges, diseases spread, and ocean acidification harms shellfish. This threatens food supplies and livelihoods in fishing communities.
Arsenic contamination and arsenicosis in jessore, bangladesh (1990 2010)azamushahiullah prottoy
This document summarizes a presentation on arsenic contamination and related health issues in Jessore, Bangladesh from 1990-2010. It discusses that groundwater in Jessore contains 10 times higher arsenic concentrations than WHO recommendations. The main causes of contamination are low-lying water tables and microbial changes to sediments. Long-term exposure causes arsenicosis, with symptoms ranging from skin lesions to cancer. Mitigation techniques discussed include oxidation, co-precipitation, lime filtration, and ion exchange to remove arsenic from drinking water. NGOs are also working in Jessore to address the arsenic problem.
Presentation delivered by Professor David Hulme at IUB University and ICCCAD in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Confronts Climate Change is avaiable here: www.anthempress.com/bangladesh-confronts-climate-change-pb
1.3c Methodology for Climate Change Risk Assessment Using Text MiningNAP Events
This document summarizes research assessing climate change risks through text mining of newspaper articles. The research aims to evaluate climate change risks objectively and inform climate change adaptation policy. It analyzes over 4,000 newspaper articles on climate impacts to identify 181 climate risks. It calculates the frequency and damage amounts of each risk to assess consequences and probabilities. Major risks include coastal and agricultural land damage from flooding. The analysis compares identified risks to existing adaptation measures and policies.
This document discusses Bangladesh's experience with climate change impacts and adaptation strategies. It provides background on the vulnerability of Bangladesh's deltas to sea level rise, cyclones, and flooding. It then outlines several autonomous and planned adaptation approaches used in Bangladesh, including coastal afforestation, embankments, transitional shelters, and housing elevated on stilts. The document recommends prioritizing mangrove planting, implementing tidal river management, encouraging accommodative settlement patterns, and facilitating planned resettlement to safer areas. It stresses the importance of community participation and cultural acceptance for successful adaptation.
,
environmental degradation and-development_in_bangl
,
poverty
,
ecosystem
,
environmental degradation
,
causes of environmental degradation
,
urbanization
,
transport activities
,
major environmental problems in bangladesh
,
role of iucn and greenpeace
Flooding regularly occurs in Bangladesh due to several factors:
1) Bangladesh has a low-lying delta region with 70% of land under 1m above sea level, making it prone to flooding from rivers and monsoon rains.
2) Heavy monsoon rains from May to October cause rivers like the Ganges and Brahmaputra to overflow their banks.
3) Melting snow from the Himalayas in spring adds additional water to rivers flowing through Bangladesh.
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances like gases, dust, fumes or smoke are introduced into the atmosphere. There are two types of pollutants: primary, which are directly emitted, and secondary, which form from chemical reactions between primary pollutants. Major causes of air pollution include emissions from industries, burning fossil fuels for transportation, and household/farming chemicals. Effects of air pollution include acidification, eutrophication, ground-level ozone formation, and particulate matter in the air. Control measures involve reducing emissions through planting trees, using cleaner fuels, mass transportation, and separating industrial and residential areas.
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on Bangladesh's coastal zone. It notes that 20% of Bangladesh's land and 30% of its cultivable land is located in coastal zones, which are home to 35 million people. Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of cyclones, floods, erosion, and salinity intrusion. The government has implemented policies like coastal zone management plans and funding mechanisms to build infrastructure and resilience. However, challenges remain around declining ecosystems, pollution, and adapting to issues like sea level rise and changing rainfall patterns.
This document discusses air pollution, its causes, and effects. It defines air pollution as occurring when harmful amounts of gases, dust, fumes or odors are present in the air. The six most common pollutants are particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, and ground-level ozone. Major sources of pollution include vehicles, industries, crop burning, and others. Air pollution affects both human and environmental health, causing diseases and issues like acid rain and global climate change. The document examines pollution levels and control measures in Delhi, India.
Sustainable Development and Environmental Policy in BangladeshRomeo Afrin Upama
This is a compilation of the major national and international laws, conventions relevant to SD Goals and inter institutional structures of Bangladesh that supports the laws amendment and agreements. And recent national policy and implementation scenario and limitations of law, policy and institutions in implementing SD Goals.
Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate change due to its location in a delta region with high population density and most areas being less than 5 meters above sea level. Climate change is expected to exacerbate existing threats like sea level rise, stronger cyclones, heavier monsoon rains, flooding from the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers, and drought in northern areas. This will negatively impact the lives and livelihoods of Bangladeshis, many of whom work in fishing and rice farming. Heavier rains could wash away homes and crops, while flooding and drought could destroy harvests and force people into debt.
Development Planning and Management Ecosystem in Bangladesh
Business as Usual VS BDP 2100
Delta Opportunities
Delta Challenges
BDP 2100: Vision, Goals and Adaptive Approach
BDP 2100 Strategies
Financing Strategy & Investment Plan
BDP 2100 Governance: Implementation Coordination, Monitoring and Evaluation and Delta Knowledge Hub
Delta Decision Support Tool and Knowledge Management
Lecture-4 Climate Change Effect and Strategic Initiatives of BangladeshShankor Paul
The document summarizes a lecture on climate change effects and strategic initiatives in Bangladesh. It defines climate change and the greenhouse effect process. It describes the major causes of global warming such as carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels and deforestation. Effects include rising sea levels, more floods and cyclones in Bangladesh. Climate change vulnerabilities vary across regions like coastal, floodplain and hilly areas. Government policies encourage clean energy and the country has signed agreements on climate change. Strategic initiatives include adaptation programs, a climate change cell, and a $100 million annual fund.
This document discusses global warming and its causes. It explains that global warming is the increase of Earth's average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trapping heat in the atmosphere. The primary greenhouse gases are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. The document then lists some of the major impacts of global warming, such as sea level rise, more extreme weather, wildfires, health impacts, and damage to coral reefs. It also shows the top five countries by greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, it provides some solutions to global warming like reducing fossil fuel use, planting trees, reducing waste, and conserving water.
Natural Hazards and Disaster In Bangladeshমির্জা মামুন
Bangladesh faces several natural hazards and disasters due to its geography and climate, including floods, cyclones, droughts, earthquakes, and landslides. Floods are the most common hazard, regularly affecting large areas of the low-lying country, while cyclones can cause widespread damage from heavy winds and storm surges. The author examines the definitions of hazards and disasters and outlines the key hazards facing Bangladesh.
This document provides information on climate change from a lecture given by Md. Abdullah-Al-Mahbub. It defines weather and climate, noting that weather is specific conditions over days while climate is average conditions over decades for a region. It discusses factors that determine climate like latitude, altitude, winds, and oceans. It also covers causes of climate change, distinguishing between natural causes like orbital changes, solar variations, and volcanic eruptions, and anthropogenic causes like greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use and population growth since the Industrial Revolution. Finally, it lists some critical changes caused by climate change like warming temperatures, changes to the water cycle, and declining glaciers.
This presentation discusses pollution in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. It begins with an introduction to the presenter and presentation outline. It then provides background on Dhaka City, noting its population, area, and location. The presentation identifies major problems facing Dhaka City, including pollution. It defines pollution and discusses different types of pollution occurring in Dhaka City, specifically air, water, and noise pollution. Causes of each type are presented along with their negative health and environmental impacts. The presentation concludes by recommending actions to reduce pollution through public awareness campaigns, green technology, afforestation, legal enforcement, and further research.
Air pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the atmosphere that can damage health and the environment. Major air pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and ground-level ozone. Sources of air pollution include the burning of fossil fuels from vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes. Exposure to air pollutants can cause respiratory and heart problems and increase health risks. Methods to reduce air pollution involve using pollution control devices in vehicles and factories, switching to cleaner fuels, and promoting practices that decrease automobile usage.
AIR POLLUTION EPISODE DHAKA-AIR POLLUTION EPISODE (1997) ARSENIC POISONING IN...Sadia Rahat
The document discusses the 1997 air pollution episode in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It notes that Dhaka has extremely high levels of air pollutants that exceed international standards. Major sources of pollution include vehicles, brick kilns burning hazardous materials, and a growing population. High concentrations of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, lead, and other pollutants have caused many health issues for residents such as respiratory diseases and cancer. Immediate action is needed to improve emissions controls, transportation systems, and increase green spaces to address Dhaka's severe air pollution problems.
This document outlines several problems facing Dhaka city and proposes solutions to improve the city. It identifies key issues like water pollution, air pollution, traffic, lack of electricity, garbage, and overpopulation. Specific problems mentioned include insufficient water supply, dangerous air quality, excessive noise, frequent power outages, crowded living conditions with inadequate housing, and traffic jams that can extend travel times. The document proposes solutions such as conserving water and electricity, maintaining cleanliness, improving waste management, optimizing traffic flows, increasing green spaces by planting trees, and reforming administrative systems to enhance security. The overall goal is to make Dhaka a more livable city by addressing its environmental, infrastructure, and social challenges.
The Causes and Impacts of Water Pollution of Buriganga RiverMoudud Hasan
The Buriganga River flowing through Dhaka, Bangladesh is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It receives untreated industrial and domestic waste from the many factories and 15 million people situated along its banks. Water quality testing found parameters like BOD, COD, and EC to exceed safe limits, endangering aquatic life. The main causes of pollution are discharge of waste from 249 industries including 200 tanneries, untreated sewage, and sedimentation. This poses severe health and navigation problems. Recommendations to remedy this include moving industries, new waste treatment plants, and public awareness.
Soil pollution is defined as the build-up in soils of determined toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive materials, or disease causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant growth and animal health.
# Main Causes of Soil Pollution
# What Diseases Does Pollution Cause
# Soil Pollution and Its Effects
# Methods to control soil pollution
# How soil pollution and soil erosion could be prevented
This document discusses water pollution and its various types and effects. It defines water pollution as occurring when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment. The types of water pollution covered include nutrients, surface water, oxygen depleting, ground water, microbiological, suspended matter, chemical, and oil spillage pollution. Chemical pollution from industries and farms is discussed, as well as surface water, nutrients, oxygen depleting, and oil spillage pollution. The effects of water pollution on ecosystems, human health, and animal health are outlined. Prevention methods include proper waste disposal, water conservation, and safe chemical usage.
This document defines air pollution as occurring when air contains harmful amounts of gases, dust, fumes or odors. It discusses outdoor sources like smog and indoor sources like burning wood. Natural sources include wildfires and volcanoes, while human sources are things like vehicles, power plants, and burning wood. Air pollution can cause health issues for humans and environmental effects like acid rain. The document recommends mitigating air pollution through sustainable development, international agreements, and new technologies.
This short document recommends music for dancing in front of one's personal computer. It suggests finding upbeat songs that make the user want to move to the rhythm. Choosing energetic tunes can help make exercising at home more enjoyable while working or spending time on the computer.
[Waterworks] City Presentation - Dhaka(Bangladesh)shrdcinfo
This document discusses water policies in Bangladesh. It covers:
1. An overview of Bangladesh's complex river systems and how most of the country is formed by sediment deposition from rivers.
2. Details on several water policies in Bangladesh from 1947-present that focused on flood control, irrigation, and water sharing treaties.
3. The impacts of the Farakka Barrage built by India in 1974 which diverted Ganges river water, increasing salinity in Bangladesh and affecting 30 million people.
Dhaka's water supply is threatened because people waste water by leaving taps running when tanks are full and not cleaning contaminated water. This lack of access to clean water causes children to get sick. Dhaka also wastes gas through inefficient cooking and automobile use, as some are too lazy to turn off stoves and traffic contributes significantly to gas consumption. Additionally, not all residents have access to gas lines for cooking. Conservation efforts are needed to address these issues and ensure Dhaka has sustainable access to clean water and energy.
Dhaka as a tourist destination (Visit Bangladesh)Jahid Sharif
This presentation introduces Dhaka, Bangladesh and provides key information about tourism in the city. It notes that Dhaka is the 9th largest city in the world with a population of 16 million. Several of Dhaka's top tourist attractions are described, including the National Memorial, Central Shahid Minar, Lalbag Fort, and Ahsan Manzil. Statistics are presented showing tourism to Bangladesh increasing from 2009 to 2015. The presentation concludes by outlining some common problems in Dhaka like traffic jams and air pollution.
Water pollution in Dhaka City (Hatirjheel dhaka , bangladesh)Ahsan Habib
This document summarizes a presentation on water pollution in Hatirjheel Project in Dhaka City. The key points are:
1. The sources of water pollution in Hatirjheel include sewage and wastewater entering its canals from surrounding areas instead of just rainwater as intended. Industrial and residential waste are also discharged directly into the project waters.
2. Water quality testing shows several parameters like color, carbon dioxide, and biochemical oxygen demand exceed standards, indicating high levels of pollution.
3. The pollution poses health risks to visitors who swim or bathe in the contaminated waters and can cause skin irritations and waterborne diseases.
4. Solutions proposed include identifying new pollut
Noise pollution comes from many sources including household appliances, social events, commercial and industrial activities, and transportation. In Dhaka City, noise pollution is a major health threat due to traffic congestion, use of brick-crushing machines, and abuse of loudspeakers. Sustainable solutions include constructing soundproof rooms for noisy machines, siting noisy industries far from residential areas, enforcing limits on loudspeaker use and public announcements, establishing silent zones near schools and hospitals, and using vegetation to absorb sound.
Noise pollution can be caused by both natural and human-made sources. Some major human-made causes include industrial activities, construction work, loud speakers, traffic, and celebrations. Long-term exposure to noise louder than 90 decibels can damage hearing and other health issues like high blood pressure, heart disease, and sleep disturbances. Both individual actions like wearing earplugs and policy measures like noise limits and bans on loud devices are needed to reduce noise pollution and its harmful effects.
This document summarizes solid waste management practices in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. It finds that Dhaka generates around 3,500 tons of solid waste per day, with food and vegetable waste making up 70% of composition. Waste is collected through both conventional and community-based systems and disposed of in dumping sites, notably Matuali site which currently receives 88% of waste. While recycling processes have not been implemented, the conclusion recommends composting organic waste and recycling inorganic materials to reduce landfill needs and environmental impacts of current disposal methods.
Strategy of control of urban air pollutionECRD2015
Vehicular emissions are the largest contributor to urban air pollution, accounting for 70% of emissions. A long-term strategy is needed to achieve clean air. The proposed strategy includes 6 steps: 1) Reduce need for car travel through better urban planning and public transport. 2) Reduce emissions from vehicles in use by promoting cleaner fuels and technologies. 3) Reduce emissions from household and commercial activities like refuse burning. 4) Improve industry performance through new technologies and compliance. 5) Fund research to improve understanding of air quality issues. 6) Improve planning to minimize exposure to pollution and encourage cleaner production.
This document provides an overview of various types of environmental pollution including air pollution, acid rain, greenhouse gases, smog, and their causes and effects. It discusses six major air pollutants regulated by the EPA and sources of air pollution from industries and vehicles. Acid rain is caused by sulfur and nitrogen oxides from burning fossil fuels which can damage ecosystems and infrastructure. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere and are contributing to global warming, with consequences like sea level rise and effects on human health and agriculture. The document also outlines different pollution control technologies.
This document discusses solid waste management in Bangladesh. It defines solid waste and describes the different types. It also provides statistics on urban population and waste generation from 1991 to 2025. The waste hierarchy and polluter pays principle are introduced. National strategies aim to increase waste reduction, reuse and recycling. Municipal solid waste, industrial waste, and biomedical waste are priorities. The document outlines various policies, rules, and strategies adopted from 1995 to 2010. It describes several solid waste management projects and concludes by discussing health risks from unscientific disposal and the importance of public involvement in management plans.
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
Pollution Profile of 4 Major Cities in the World Sazzad Khan
The document provides information on air pollution in four major cities: Beijing, China; Mexico City, Mexico; Dhaka, Bangladesh; and Delhi, India. It discusses the sources and causes of air pollution in each city as well as the health impacts. The key causes of air pollution discussed are motor vehicle emissions, coal burning, population growth and lack of emission standards. Health impacts discussed include increased respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, reduced life expectancy and impacts on children's health. Beijing and Delhi experience some of the worst air pollution in the world due to factors like geography, rapid industrialization and surge in vehicle ownership.
This document summarizes a study on air pollution in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. The study measured pollution levels at traffic areas and brick fields. It found that pollution levels at traffic areas have improved due to introduction of compressed natural gas vehicles. Indoor pollution levels near various cooking stoves were also assessed, finding that stoves using biomass fuels exposed cooks to high CO, NOx, and SOx. The study recommends actions to control air pollution in Dhaka City.
The document discusses air pollution in Bangladesh. It states that Bangladesh has the 4th worst air quality out of 92 countries according to the WHO. Air pollution kills an estimated 15,000 Bangladeshis each year. In rural areas, brick kilns and cooking stoves are major polluters, while in cities industrial emissions and vehicles are primary sources of pollution. Common air pollutants in Bangladesh include particulate matter from traffic jams and industrial emissions. Air pollution causes many health and environmental issues for Bangladeshis. Efforts are needed to control air pollution in the country.
Air quality and health effects in delhi, Team Finland Future Watch White PaperTeam Finland Future Watch
Outdoor air pollution is the fifth largest killer in India. In Delhi, vehicle exhaust is the main cause of air pollution, contributing 70% of particulate matter which has more than doubled from 2001-2010. High levels of pollution in the winter months are exacerbated by agricultural burning, construction, and industrial activities. Long-term exposure can lead to respiratory illness, lung damage, and increased cancer risk. The government has implemented reforms like shifting industries, switching public transport to CNG, and introducing emissions standards, but further technological and policy innovations are still needed to improve air quality and public health.
Study and Analysis of Air Pollution Quality in Lucknow CityIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study of air pollution in Lucknow City, India. Air quality was measured at 9 locations in April-May 2022, including residential, commercial, and industrial areas. Levels of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sound were found to exceed national standards. Vehicle emissions, industry, construction, waste burning, and other factors are contributing to increased air pollution in the growing city. Regular monitoring is needed to understand pollution sources and implement effective reduction strategies to address Lucknow's air quality problems.
Rising level of air pollution and how to control itVaibhavi kadu
The air pollution level in Delhi has reached dangerous levels. Burning of rice stubble, vehicular emissions, and construction activities are major contributing factors. This leads to increased respiratory and heart problems. The Delhi government implemented odd-even rules for vehicles and banned crop burning to reduce pollution. Electrostatic precipitators, cyclone scrubbers, and bag filters are used in industries to remove particulate matter from emissions.
Ria Mahjabin prepared a presentation on the air pollution scenario in Dhaka City for her Environmental Sciences course. The presentation defined air pollution as harmful amounts of gases, dust, fumes or odors in the air that can negatively impact human health, animal health, plant life and materials. It noted that air pollution kills 15,000 people in Bangladesh each year according to the World Bank, with children, street children, rickshaw pullers and others in Dhaka City at high risk. The most polluted areas of Dhaka City identified were the north side due to chimney emissions, Farmgate as a densely populated area, and Old Dhaka due to burning of domestic waste and pl
Air pollution in lahore, causes and it effect on environment, air pollutant, major air pollutants that causes the air pollution , NOX, SOX, carbon monoxide, conclusions and recommendations,ned university
This document discusses a survey conducted on the effects of vehicle emissions on human health in Chidambaram town, India. The survey investigated the impacts of emissions from vehicles on four major junctions in the town. Questionnaires found that most people reported health issues like sleeplessness, running nose, eye irritation, asthma, and headaches. Air samples taken at the junctions found high levels of pollutants like NOx, CO, SO2, and SPM, especially during afternoon high-traffic hours. Vehicle emissions were found to be a major contributor to air pollution in urban areas and impact public health. The study aims to assess the health effects of vehicle emissions in Chidambaram and make recommendations to reduce emissions.
Latest steps taken to control air pollution Prem Baboo
There has been a "seven-fold increase" in Delhi's air pollution level since October 2015,
a Center for Science and Environment (CSE) expert said today even as real-time
exposure readings of nearly all monitoring stations put PM 2.5 and PM 10 figures above
the 'severe' threshold. Growing population of the city.
The document discusses air quality related issues and the causes and effects of air pollution. It provides background on key topics like what is air pollution, common air pollutants, and air quality indices. It then examines global issues like the haze problems in Southeast Asia countries. Local issues in Malaysia are also discussed such as the 2013 haze episode and its health and economic impacts. Studies on the health risks of air pollution in Klang Valley and CO2 emissions in Malaysia are summarized. The document concludes that both global and local factors contribute to air pollution, which affects health, education, and economies.
Increasing Air Pollution!!
The document discusses increasing air pollution levels in India and China. It notes that for the first time this century, average particulate matter exposure was higher for Indian citizens than Chinese citizens. India is home to 13 of the 20 most polluted cities in the world, with deteriorating air quality in North India over the past decade. While China has taken strong measures to curb pollution, air pollution in India has continued to rise to the highest levels on record. The sources, effects, and some measures to address air pollution are also summarized.
vehicular emission its effects and remediesAsif Ali Khan
This document summarizes a student paper on vehicular emissions in Delhi, India. It finds that 70% of air pollution in Delhi is caused by vehicles, with emissions of CO, NOx, and PM from vehicles estimated at 509, 194, and 15 tons/day respectively. It outlines the negative health effects of vehicular emissions on humans like respiratory issues and cancer as well as environmental effects like damage to plants. Possible remedies discussed include promoting carpooling, providing corporate shuttle buses, switching to zero-emission vehicles, and implementing stricter emission standards.
Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countriesUnnati Garg
Presentation on Air Pollution: Ways to tackle it in India vs other countries. It includes the causes of air pollution and ways to eradicate it used by India and other countries.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
The document summarizes air pollution issues in Delhi and Sikkim. In Delhi, the main sources of air pollution are vehicle exhaust, power plants, brick kilns, dust from vehicle movement, and construction. The government of Delhi has installed anti-smog guns at construction sites and banned waste burning and increased tree planting to reduce pollution. In Sikkim, 590,936 people breathe toxic air according to WHO guidelines. East Sikkim has the worst air quality with PM2.5 levels of 20.2 μg/m3. The Sikkim government has banned styrofoam products, burning tires and waste, and packaged water bottles to reduce pollution.
This document discusses air pollution in India. It outlines the top polluted cities, sources of air pollution like vehicles and industry, and health impacts like respiratory disease. It analyzes how air quality improved in major cities during COVID lockdowns. The advantages and disadvantages of CNG vehicles are presented. Past analysis shows adopting CNG reduced Delhi's air pollution. The document also discusses India's air quality index and steps the government is taking to control air pollution, like promoting CNG and the National Clean Air Program.
The document provides an analysis of Bangladesh's budget for fiscal year 2017-18, with a focus on the "Digital Bangladesh" sector. It summarizes the government's vision and strategies to transform Bangladesh into a digital society through expanding ICT infrastructure and developing human resources. Key points include:
- Total budget for FY 2017-18 was Tk 2,00,466 crore with a deficit of Tk 1,12,275 crore. ICT division allocation doubled to Tk 3,974 crore from the previous year.
- "Digital Bangladesh" aims to ensure an ICT-driven knowledge society by 2021 through digital government, connecting citizens, human resource development, and promoting ICT business.
- The 6
This document discusses cultural change and diversity. It defines culture and lists its key elements, which include social organization, customs, religion, language, arts, government, and economic systems. The document explains that cultural change occurs through invention, environmental changes, and diffusion between societies. Cultural diversity refers to the variety of cultural differences that exist worldwide or within a society. It is important because it creates richer perspectives, encourages compassion, reflects globalization trends, and opens new market opportunities. In conclusion, all societies have unique cultures that evolve over time, and embracing cultural diversity is important for a sustainable lifestyle.
The presentation discusses the role of the Bangladesh Army in disaster response. It outlines the goals, objectives, and activities of the Army's emergency response, which aims to save lives within the first 72 hours by conducting search and rescue operations, providing medical assistance, managing fatalities, restoring infrastructure, and ensuring shelter and security for displaced people. The presentation also highlights some of the Army's recent response efforts, such as those during the Rana Plaza collapse and 2007 Chittagong mudslides. It emphasizes the importance of cooperation between civil and military authorities for an effective disaster response.
This document summarizes the salinity risk assessment in Bangladesh. It finds that salinity is a major issue for the coastal region of Bangladesh, affecting over 35 million people in 19 districts. Salinity has increased the amount of affected land area from 8,330 square km in 1973 to 10,560 square km in 2009. This salinity is damaging agriculture and increasing costs of crop production. The government of Bangladesh is taking steps to address salinity through projects, but some projects have failed or been completed slowly. Overall salinity poses serious economic and infrastructure risks for Bangladesh.
This document provides information on wastewater treatment processes and water treatment plants in Bangladesh. It discusses various treatment methods including phase separation, sedimentation, filtration, and oxidation processes. It also describes typical municipal sewage treatment plants, tertiary treatment methods, industrial and agricultural wastewater treatment plants. Specifics on four historical water treatment plants in Bangladesh are also listed, along with their total daily production capacities.
Mountain ecosystems are important because mountains are home to 10% of the world's population and cover 25% of the earth's land. They supply fresh water to half the world's population and are centers of biological diversity. However, mountain ecosystems face threats such as habitat loss, species loss, and impacts on mountain peoples from factors like deforestation, infrastructure development, agriculture, tourism, and climate change. To protect mountain ecosystems, recommendations include changing attitudes, establishing environmental taxes, education programs, research, and protected areas. Bangladesh's mountain ecosystems include the Chittagong Hill Tracts and Sylhet Division, and the government is taking steps like reforestation, awareness campaigns, and laws to promote conservation.
The document presents information on matrices, including:
- Definitions of matrices as rectangular arrangements of numbers arranged in rows and columns
- Common matrix operations such as addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, and matrix multiplication
- Determinants and inverses of matrices
- How matrices can represent systems of linear equations
- Unique properties of matrices, such as the product of two non-zero matrices possibly being zero
- Applications of matrices in fields like geology, statistics, economics, and animation
World Water Day is celebrated annually on March 22nd to raise awareness of the importance of fresh water. It was established in 1993 by the United Nations General Assembly. Each year has a different theme, such as 2016's theme of "Water and Jobs" which highlighted the link between water and employment. World Water Day brings attention to improving access to clean water and sanitation in developing nations and creating awareness about drinking pure water, as water scarcity increases risks to industries and jobs that depend on water resources. Events are held worldwide on this day including seminars, speeches, and fundraising campaigns.
This document summarizes Bangladesh's biodiversity and efforts to conserve it. Bangladesh has rich biodiversity due to its diverse ecosystems like forests, wetlands, and agricultural areas. However, biodiversity faces many threats like habitat loss and pollution. To address this, Bangladesh developed a Biodiversity Action Plan and protects important areas. The government also strengthened laws and policies around biodiversity conservation and monitors progress through committees.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Air and water pollution
1. Dhaka school of Economics
University of Dhaka
An assignment on Air pollution and water pollution in Bangladesh
Submitted by: Nahin Mahfuz Seam.
Class : BEcon 1st
batch
Id no : 160121005
Roll no : 09
Subject : Environmental studies
Course ID : 103
Submitted to: Dr. Salma Sultan,
Assistant professor, DScE
2. Air pollution
Air Pollution contamination of the atmosphere caused by the discharge, accidental or
deliberates of a wide range of toxic substances. Often the amount of the releasedsubstance
is relatively high in a certain locality, so the harmful effects are more noticeable. The major
sources of air pollution are transportation engines, power and heat generation, industrial
processes and the burning of solid waste. A new source of air pollution is an increasing
'hole' in the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica, coupled with growing
evidence of global ozone depletion. Air pollution has also long been known to have an
adverse effect on human beings, plants, livestock and aquatic ecosystemthrough acid rain.
Air pollution can be defined as any atmospheric condition in which substances (natural or
man-made chemical compounds capable of being airborne) are present at concentrations
high enough above their normal ambient level to produce a measurable effect on man,
animals, vegetation, or materials. Air pollutants are hazardous to human health and at
high enough concentrations can evenbe fatal. The most important pollutants are Carbon
monoxide (CO), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Ozone (O3), Hydrocarbons
(HC) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM). In the late 1970s, Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) of USA added lead (Pb) to this list. Particulate matter with an
aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 10µm (PM10) was added to the list in 1987.
Air pollution can cause drowsiness, eye irritation, throat irritation, persistent cough,
asthma, nose blockage, respiratory infections, bronchial infections, colds and headaches in
human being. Lead in air can affect the central nervous system, cause renal damage and
hypertension. CO in air reduces the ability of blood to carry oxygen and exacerbates heart
disorders. Dhaka, one of the mega cities of the world, witnessed a very fast growth of urban
population in recent times. Air pollution in Dhaka city is reported to be serious and
damaging to public health. In the winter of 1996-97, air pollution of Dhaka city became the
severest when lead in the air was reported higher than in the atmosphere of any other place
of the world [1]. Concern over air pollution rate of Dhaka city ultimately led to the
promulgation of National Ambient Air Quality Standards in Bangladesh in 1997. A study
of impact of auto-exhaust on air quality of Dhaka city has been conducted in the year 2000,
it is revealed that traffic congestion, fuel quality and brick field emission are the main
reasons of air pollution in Dhaka city [2]. To control air pollution level CNG at large scale
has introduced in Dhaka city. Air quality of Dhaka city after large scale introduction of
CNG vehicles has been studied in this investigation. As people spend most of their time
indoors and the concentrations of pollutants may build up in an enclosed space, the risk to
3. health may be greater to exposure to air pollution indoor than outdoor. For the first time,
indoor air pollution level of Dhaka city has also been assessedsystematically during this
study. Brick field emission level data have also presented. In this paper the results of
investigation on air quality of Dhaka city have been assessedand put forward some
recommendations.
Recently as in other parts of the world air pollution has received priority among
environmental issues in Asia. This problem is acute in DHAKA the capital of Bangladesh
and also the hub of commercial activity. The other urban areas
like CHITTAGONG, KHULNA, BOGRA and RAJSHAHI have much lesserhealth problem related
to air pollution. In urban areas sometimes the houses are built on rocks and SOILS, which
radiate radioactive gas from their basement. If this gas is inhaled for a long time it may
cause lung cancer. In the rural areas of Bangladesh, the air pollution problems have not yet
become a point of concern. This is due to fewer motorized vehicles and industries there.
However, brick kilns and cooking stoves are the principal sources of emission in rural
areas. In villages’ wood, COAL, and biomass are used as sources of energy. Thus, it is likely
that in those areas the principal air contaminants are particulate matter and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs).
Basically, there are two major sources of air pollution in Bangladesh industrial emissions
and vehicular emissions. The industrial sources include brick kilns, fertilizer factories,
sugar, paper, jute and textile mills, spinning mills, tanneries, garment, bread and biscuit
factories, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, cement production and processing
factories, metal workshops, wooden dust from saw mills and dusts from ploughed land, and
salt particles from ocean waves near the OFFSHORE ISLANDS and coastal lands. These
sources produce enormous amount of smokes, fumes, gases and dusts, which create the
condition for the formation of fog and smog. Certain industries in Bangladesh, such as
tanneries at Hazaribag in Dhaka City, emit hydrogen supplied, ammonia, chlorine, and
some other odorous chemicals that are poisonous and cause irritation and public
complaints. This may cause headache and other health problems.
With increased rate of urbanization in the country, the number of vehicles is also
increasing rapidly, and contributing to more and more air pollution. The Department of
Environment (DOE), and other related organizations, have identified the two-stroke
engines used in auto rickshaws (baby-taxies), tempos, mini-trucks, and motorcycles as
major polluters. At present, there are about 65,000 baby-taxies among them more than
296,000 motor vehicles ply in Dhaka City alone. Moreover, overloaded, poorly maintained
4. and very old trucks and mini-buses are also plying the city streets emitting smokes and
gases. In fact about 90% of the vehicles that ply Dhaka's streets daily are faulty, and emit
smoke far exceeding the prescribed limit. Diesel vehicles emit black smoke, which contain
unburned fine carbon particles.
The two-stroke engines are now discouraged in Bangladesh because of their pollution
hazard. In view of the serious automobile pollution faced in the metropolis, an initiative
was taken with World Bank support to introduce big buses in the city and discourage the
playing of small automobiles, including baby-taxis. The introduction of air-conditioned city
bus service is an outcome of that initiative.
Sophisticated equipment is now being used to detect air polluters in Bangladesh. As such,
four monitoring stations are set up at four divisional towns, namely, Dhaka, Chittagong,
Khulna, and Bogra. In Dhaka the locations of vehicular emission test are at Tejgaon,
Farmgate, Manik Mia Avenue, Gulshan, Lalmatia, and Agargaon. BANGLADESH
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (BUET) has also been conducting ambient
air quality surveys since 1995.
The air quality standards are different for residential, industrial, commercial, and sensitive
areas. The worst affected areas in Dhaka city include: Hatkhola, Manik Mia Avenue,
Tejgaon, Farmgate, Motijheel, Lalmatia, and Mohakhali. Surveys conducted between
January 1990 and December 1999 showed that the concentration of suspended particles
goes up to as high as 3,000 micrograms per cubic meter (Police Box, Farmgate, December
1999), although the allowable limit is 400 micrograms per cubic meter. The sulphur dioxide
in the air near Farmgate was found to be 385 micrograms per cubic meter, where as the
maximum permissible limit is 100 micrograms per cubic meter. Similarly, in the Tejgaon
Industrial Area the maximum concentration of suspended particles was 1,849 micrograms
per cubic meter (January 1997), as opposed to the allowable limit of 500 micrograms per
cubic meter. Usually the maximum concentration of air pollution in Dhaka is during the
dry months of December to March.
The BANGLADESH ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (BAEC) and the Bangladesh Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), in collaboration with the DOE, recently
assessedthe concentration of LEAD in the ambient air. The DHAKA SHISHU HOSPITAL in
association with the BAEC also estimated the level of lead in the blood of children of Dhaka
City and the possible impact of leaded gasoline on them. The Bangladesh Road Transport
Authority (BRTA) is also setting up a vehicle emission monitoring station at Mirpur,
Dhaka.
5. Prior to introduction of unleaded gasoline, BAEC reported that the air that city dwellers
breathe on the roads contains lead in concentrations almost ten times above the
government safety standard set by the DOE. The air of Dhaka City holds 463 nanograms
per cubic meter of lead - the highest in the world. From November 96 to March 97 the lead
levels in three different areas of Dhaka City were 123-252 nanograms per cubic meter at
Farmgate area and 61 to 76 nanograms per cubic meter in Tejgaon Industrial area.
Air pollution data from World Health Organization
PM10 158
PM2.5 90
PM10 Pollution Level: Extremely High
The lead poisoning produces neuro-developmental disorders in children. About 50 tons of
lead is emitted in the Dhaka air annually and the emission reaches its highest level in the
dry seasonfrom November to January. Lead poisoning has been detected recently in
children at the Shishu Bikash Kendro (Child Development Centre) of Dhaka Shishu
Hospital. Lead concentrations, measured around 80-micrograms/dl-to180 micrograms/dl in
the testedchildren's blood, is 7-16 times more than the acceptable limit. The safe
concentration advocated by the US Centre for Disease Control and Prevention is 10
micrograms/dl. People living in urban slums have a significant rise in mean blood lead
levels, compared to those living in urban middle-income or rural areas. The development of
lead pollution could also affect the central nervous system, cause renal damage and
hypertension. Excessive leadin the blood of children could damage-their brain and kidney.
Children are three times more at risk than adults are by exposure to lead poisoning.
In Dhaka city the mean blood lead level of rickshaw pullers is 248 micrograms/dl (range
154-344 micrograms/dl), baby-taxi drivers 287 micrograms/dl, traffic police 272
micrograms/dl (range 152-32 micrograms/dl), tempo assistants 255 micrograms/dl, and
petrol pump operators 249 micrograms/dl (range 207-342 micrograms/dl). The mean blood
lead level among these risk groups is found to be higher than the acceptable value, with
traffic police being the worst affected group. The blood lead levels usually increased with
duration of exposure.
During July 1999 the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) executedthe decision to provide
only unleaded gasoline in the country. According to recent measurements between late
6. 1999 and 2000 by BAEC and EASTERN REFINERY LIMITED (ERL) the gasoline dispensed at
pumps in Bangladesh is now totally free of lead.
It has been found that Dhaka city has VOC beyond tolerable limits, some of which
cause CANCER. Emissions from two-stroke auto-rickshaws in Dhaka were found to contain
4 to 7 times the maximum permissible level of VOC.
Dust pollution is causing many RESPIRATORY DISEASES, including ASTHMA. Recently, 200
organic compounds are detected by analysing four air samples collected from the
Shewrapara area of the city. As far as the VOC is concerned the following worst affected
areas are identified: Hatkhola, Manik Mian Avenue, Tejgaon, Farm Gate, Motijheel,
Lalmatia, and the inter-district bus terminals. Surveys conducted between December 1996
and June 1997 showed that the concentration of suspended particles goes up to as high as
2,465' micrograms per cubic metro as against the allowable limit of 400 micrograms per
cubic meter at Farm Gate. In Tejgaon Industrial Area, on the other hand, the maximum
con centration of suspended particles was 630 micrograms as against the allowable limit of
500 micrograms per cubic meter.
Mine air pollution a major issue of concern in Bangladesh. Dust and mine gases create
problems for coalmine. Fortunately BARAPUKURIA COAL of DINAJPUR district has
insignificant gas content, therefore, in the process of mining of coal the danger of methane
emission and methane gas related hazards are considered to be insignificant. As the
Barapukuria coal will be mined mechanically, huge coal dusts would be generated but
proper mitigation measures if taken coal dust could be controlled. Huge dusts will also be
generated in the Maddhyapara HARD ROCK mine in Dinajpur district, due to frequent
movements of heavy vehicles together with required loading and unloading operations. The
gases formed by the combustion of coal, fuel and lubricants in the mine both at the surface
and underground pollute the ambient air. Dusts generated from coal and hard rocks
especially during cutting, blasting, crashing and transportation in the mines are generally
the cause of concern for the miners and for the surrounding localities.
Government decisions recently the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)
has taken important decisions, which are as follows (i) the minimum standard of
lubricating oil for two- stroke engine should be APITC or JASOEB and (ii) marketing of
straight mineral oil should stop immediately.
In 1985-86 the BANGLADESH PETROLEUM CORPORATION started a project to
use COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG) in vehicles instead of gasoline. The primary
7. objective was to reduce vehicular emissions, as combustion of CNG produces less pollution
than gasoline. The World Bank donated Taka 225 million to initiate the project. So far data
on the number of vehicles converted to CNG from 1985 to 1997 are as follows: 1985-86
converted vehicles 2; 1988-89 converted vehicles 19; 1989-90 converted vehicles 9; 1990-91
converted vehicles 6; 1991-92 converted vehicles 10; 1992-93 converted vehicles 16; 1993-94
converted vehicles 3; 1995-96 converted vehicles 13 and 1996-97 converted vehicles 86.
Private sector participation in using CNG for taxicabs is significant. At the beginning of
2002 the Government has started promotional campaign and appropriate push to the
owners of auto rickshaws to use CNG in order to reduce vehicular emissions.
Pollution policy the first regulation related to ENVIRONMENT in Bangladesh was the
Factory Act of 1965, which was followed by the earliest recorded environmental protection
act, known as the 'Water Pollution Control Ordinance, 1970'. However, these ordinances
do not include air pollution problems. Gradually these ordinances were modified and the
Environmental Pollution Control Ordinance (EPC), 1977, was promulgated. It dealt with
pollution of air, SURFACE WATER and GROUNDWATER, and soil by discharge of liquid,
gaseous, solid, radioactive, or other substances. Although the order passedunder the EPC
1977 was legally in place, implementation of environmental laws never took place.
Following rapid industrialization the environmental scenario in Bangladesh changed
dramatically. The Ministry of Environment and Forest and the Department of
Environment were created in 1989 and the Environment Policy of 1992 was introduced.
Further, the Environmental Conservation Act, 1995, and the Environment Conservation
Rules, 1997, were approved by the Bangladesh National Assembly to restrict and mitigate
ever-growing environmental problems in the country.
Bibliography United Nations Environment Programme, State of the Environment:
Bangladesh, United Nations Environment Programme, 2001.
8. Waterpollution
Water Pollution Water is considered polluted when it is altered from the natural state in its
physical condition, and chemical and microbiological composition, so that it becomes
unsuitable or less suitable for any safe and beneficial consumption. The term
contamination is used synonymously with pollution. The signs of water pollution are
obvious: bad taste; offensive odours from lakes, rivers and sea beaches; unchecked growth
of aquatic weeds in water bodies; decrease in number of aquatic animals in surface water
bodies; oil and grease floating on water surfaces; colouration of water; etc. Besides these
obvious signs, there are other kinds of pollution, which are not so visible.
Water pollution
Sources of pollution Factories, power plants and sewage treatment plants are considered
point sources of water pollution, because they emit pollutants at discrete locations, usually
through a pipe that leads to a lake or STREAM. Nonpoint sources of water pollution are
scattered or diffused. Cropland, FORESTS, urban and suburban lands, roadways, and
parking lots are nonpoint sources of a variety of substances including dust,
sediment, PESTICIDES, asbestos, FERTILIZER, heavy metals, salts, oil, grease, litter, and even
air pollutants washed down from the cloud by rain.
Water pollution can also be categorized into natural and anthropogenic sources. Natural
sources are those which take place without human influence. Anthropogenic pollution are
those which are induced by human beings. Natural pollution can also be accentuated by
human activities.
9. Pollution takes place in all the three main sources of water, ie rain water, SURFACE
WATER and GROUNDWATER. Surface water is more susceptible than groundwater, which is
naturally protected from surface activities.
Rainwater pollution Acid rain damages forests and may cause significant decrease in
productivity. Numerous authors have also raised concern for crop damage. Acid rain is
particularly damaging to buds; therefore, acids falling on plants in springtime may impair
growth. Acidification of SOIL may also impair soil bacteria that play an important role in
nutrient cycling and nitrogen fixation. Acid rain is also capable of corroding manmade
structures. Examples of such corrosion are: the Statue of Liberty, the Canadian Parliament
in Ottawa and Egypt's temple at Karnack. Acid rain may also damage house paint and
etch the surfaces of automobiles. There is no record of acid rain in Bangladesh. However,
due to extensive AIR POLLUTION in Dhaka city, it is very likely that rain water in Dhaka
would be more acidic than rain water in rural areas.
Surface water pollution Surface water occurs in OCEANS, rivers, lakes, ponds and
floodplains. It has been the source of water supply since the dawn of civilization. But
intense human activities have been polluting these readily available sources. Surface water
used to be the primary source of water supply in Bangladesh, but it is no longer the case.
Surface water in Bangladesh is extensively polluted by sources such as industrial and
urban wastes, agrochemicals and sewerage wastes and seawater intrusion. Surface water
bodies are extensively used for disposal of untreated industrial wastes and this is one of the
main sources of pollution. The BURIGANGA is a typical example of serious surface water
contamination. Apart from industrial sources, surface water in the country is also
extensively contaminated by human faces as SANITATION in general is poor. Agrochemicals
are extensively used in the country causing pollution of surface water. Due to withdrawal of
water from the Ganges, seawater intrudes a long way inside the coastline which causes
river water pollution by salinity. There are also other minor sources that contaminate
surface water extensively.
Groundwater pollution Although groundwater is not directly exposedto surface polluting
activities, numerous natural and anthropogenic activities cause groundwater pollution. A
number of physical, chemical and biochemical (and microbiological) processes cause
alteration of groundwater properties either by addition of new elements/ions/compounds or
by increasing the existing concentrations. Before the discovery of arsenic contamination in
Bangladesh, groundwater used to be considered a safer source of drinking water. Arsenic
contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh is now considered the world's largest case of
10. water pollution. Groundwater in Bangladesh is also polluted by a number of anthropogenic
and natural sources. The most widespread anthropogenic sources are the infiltration of
industrial and urban wastes disposed on the ground or in surface water bodies. Also
intrusion or infiltration of saline water contaminates groundwater. Extensive use of
agrochemicals can lead to groundwater pollution. Leaking sewers/septic tanks/pit latrines
also cause groundwater pollution.
Effects of water pollution:
1. The dissolved oxygen level of many of the rivers’ water has reached at lethal level.
2. Due to over spilling of pollutants during the rainy season, the agricultural lands are
contaminated that they have lost their crop growing capacity and hence remain unused all
the year round.
3. Sometimes the pollutants enter food chain eventually killing birds, fish, and mammals.
4. The scientists in a recent research on the Karnaphuli found traces of radioactivity ‘very
close to risk level’ on the soil. If radioactivity of the river soil goes up it will hamper the
natural breeding of fish as well as growth of fishes. If the people eat the affected fish it may
spread to their body.
According to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
on 2000 (UNSCER), normal level of radiation hazard due to radioactivity is 0.5. The
scientists in their research got 0.6507 for external radiation hazard and 0.82 for internal
radiation hazard where the risk level is 1.
5. Pollution is so acute that hardly any hydro-organisms can tolerate it and eventually, fish
of many species are found floating dead in the river water. These dead fishes gradually get
rotten and highly add to the further pollution of the river water.
6. Due to rotting jute in the river (Chitra) water the water quality of the river is in an
inferior position as aquatic creatures are dying for lack of oxygen.
7. The river pollution has also hit the local fishermen hard. Life has become difficult for
them as they lost their income source.
8. This also results in the alteration of geomorphic features which can then change in the
geometry and sedimentary characteristics of river channels, flood plains and deltas.
9. Industrial pollutants such as lead, cadmium, iron, copper and organic wastes from
leaking sewage systems can accumulate in rivers. Referred as bioaccumulation, this process
can ruthlessly affect water quality and species survival. More importantly,
bioaccumulation of metals in fish, crabs and other edible aquatic species, may cause health
problems to enter the food chain. Also, this can destroy the water aeration system, the self-
purifying process of rivers.
11. 10. Eutrophication, a process of absorbing excessive nutrients (especially N and P) beyond
their buffering capacity of water bodies leads to the loss of species diversity through
increased species mortality, changes in species collection and loss of aquatic flora and fauna
diversity.
Pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Air Pollution 85.00 Very High
Drinking Water Pollution and Inaccessibility 66.67 High
Dissatisfaction with Garbage Disposal 82.50 Very High
Dirty and Untidy 83.33 Very High
Noise and Light Pollution 75.83 High
Water Pollution 81.90 Very High
Dissatisfaction to Spend Time in the City 83.87 Very High
Dissatisfaction with Green and Parks in the City 85.34 Very High
Purity and Cleanliness in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Air quality 15.00 Very Low
Drinking Water Quality and Accessibility 33.33 Low
Garbage Disposal Satisfaction 17.50 Very Low
Clean and Tidy 16.67 Very Low
Quiet and No Problem with Night Lights 24.17 Low
Water Quality 18.10 Very Low
Comfortable to Spend Time in the City 16.13 Very Low
12. Quality of Green and Parks 14.66 Very Low
Some steps to minimize pollution in last few years:
There is always a try to minimize pollution. Tongi Industrial Area have unanimously
decided for establishing and operating a central ETP with their concerted effort with a
view to tackling the Turag River pollution (Prothom-Alo, August 31, 2010). Some projects
are initiated to lessenthis huge pollution by the government though these all are not
effective always.
The government has taken a decision to shift the tannery industry from Hazaribagh to
Saver. The water board designed sluice gates on the Jamuna near the Bangabandhu
Jamuna Bridge from where the waters would be diverted to the Buriganga.
To save the river from the encroachers and pollution as well as their existence, the sampan
majhis organized a three-day sampan khela (boat race) and Chantgaiya (Chittagong)
cultural fair in the river Karnaphuli. Sampan Majhi Kalyan Samity Federation (SMKSF)
in association with Chattagram Anchalik Sanskriti Academy (CASA) organized the events
titled “We are boatmen of the river Karnaphuli and we have pledged to save the river”.
References:
http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Air_Pollution
http://www.bangladeshenvironment.com/index.php/polution-s/air-polution/291-air-
pollution-in-dhaka-city
http://www.buet.ac.bd/me/icme/icme2009/Proceedings/PDF/ICME09-RT-19.pdf
http://www.numbeo.com/pollution/city_result.jsp?country=Bangladesh&city=Dhaka
http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Water_Pollution
http://fairbd.net/water-pollution-of-most-of-the-water-sources-in-bangladesh/