This document discusses air pollution in India. It outlines the top polluted cities, sources of air pollution like vehicles and industry, and health impacts like respiratory disease. It analyzes how air quality improved in major cities during COVID lockdowns. The advantages and disadvantages of CNG vehicles are presented. Past analysis shows adopting CNG reduced Delhi's air pollution. The document also discusses India's air quality index and steps the government is taking to control air pollution, like promoting CNG and the National Clean Air Program.

2. 1. Introduction
2. Top Polluted Cities In India
3. Types and Sources Of Air Pollution
4. Health Effects Of Air Pollution
5. Impact Of Lockdown Measures During Covid-19 On Air Quality
6. Advantages Of CNG
7. Disadvantages Of CNG
8. Analysis Of Present Scenario Of Ambient Air Quality In Delhi
9. Air Quality Index In India
10. Steps Taken By Government To Control Air Pollution
11. Online Surveys
12. Offline Surveys
13. Reference
14. Supporting Documents
INDEX

3. AIR POLLUTION
Air Pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical
or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. Household
combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest fires are common sources
of air pollution. Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate matter, carbon
monoxide, ozone and indoor air pollution cause respiratory and other disease and are
important sources of morbidity and mortality.
AIR POLLUTION IN INDIA: Case Study and Data Based
Approach
Air pollution in India is a serious environmental issue. The 30 most polluted cities in the
world, 21 are in India in 2019. As per a study based on 2016 data, at least 140 million people
in India breathe air that is 10 times or more over the WHO safe limit. Air pollution contributes
to the premature deaths of 2 million Indians every year.
INTRODUCTION

4. The Top Most Polluted Cities in The World ( 2017-
2021)
• BHIWADI( INDIA )
• GHAZIABAD ( INDIA )
• HOTAN ( CHINA )
• DELHI ( INDIA )
• JAUNPUR ( INDIA )
• FAISALABAD ( PAKISTAN )
• NOIDA ( INDIA )
• BHAWALPUR ( PAKISTAN )
• PESHAWAR ( PAKISTAN )
• BAGPAT ( INDIA )
• HISAR ( INDIA )
• FARIDABAD ( INDIA )
• GREATER NOIDA ( INDIA )
• ROHTAK ( INDIA )

5. TYPES AND SOURCE OF AIR POLLUTION IN INDIA
There are four main types of air pollution sources:-
• MOBILE SOURCES – such as cars, buses, planes, trucks, and trains
• STATIONARY SOURCES – such as power plants, oil refineries, industrial
facilities, and factories
• AREA SOURCES – such as agricultural areas, cities, and wood burning fireplaces
• NATURAL SOURCES – such as wind-blown dust, wildfires, and volcanoes

6. HEALTH EFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
Air pollution is the presence of one or more contaminants in the atmosphere, such as
dust, fumes, gas, mist, odor, smoke or vapor, in quantities and duration that can be
injurious to human health. The main pathway of exposure from air pollution is through
the respiratory tract. Breathing in these pollutants leads to inflammation, oxidative
stress, immunosuppression, and mutagenicity in cells throughout our body, impacting
the lungs, heart, brain among other organs and ultimately leading to disease.

7. IMPACT OF LOCKDOWN MEASURES DURING COVID-19 ON AIR
QUALITY - A CASE STUDY OF INDIA
A novel infectious coronavirus disease (COVID-19) identified in late 2019 has now
been labelled as a global pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). The
COVID-19 outbreak has shown some positive impacts on the natural environment. In
present work, India is taken as a case study to evaluate the effect of lockdown on air
quality of three Indian cities. The variation in concentration of key air pollutants
including PM10PM10, PM2.5PM2.5, NO2NO2, SO2SO2 and O3O3 during two
phases, pre-lockdown and post-lockdown phases, was analysed. The concentration
of PM10PM10, PM2.5PM2.5, NO2NO2 and SO2SO2 reduced by 55%, 49%, 60%
and 19%, and 44%, 37%, 78% and 39% for Delhi and Mumbai, respectively, during
post-lockdown phase. Overall, the findings in present study may provide confidence
to the stakeholders involved in air quality policy development that a significant
improvement in air quality can be achieved in future if better pollution control plans
are strictly executed.

8. COMPARISION OF AIR QUALITY DURING PRE-LOCKDOWN AND POST-
LOCKDOWN

9. ADVANTAGES OF CNG

10. •Reduced power for the same engine capacity.
•CNG filling stations are very limited.
•The performance of the car is reduced significantly.
•Acceleration is slower so you may have to rev the engine more to get going.
•The burning of natural gas also releases carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other carbon
components which are greenhouse gases that cause global warming.
•Provide less mileage than gasoline.
•Leaks of natural gas are dangerous they may cause explosions or fire. the main danger is
that the odorless and leaks cannot be detached unless some odorant has been added to the
gas.
•Conversion kits tend to come with a high cost typically it would only make financial sense to
convert a late model vehicle to CNG because of the conversion cost.
DISADVANTAGES OF CNG

11. The present study discusses the ambient air quality of Delhi from the point of view of change of
diesel by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) in transportation in Delhi. Several initiatives were
taken to reduce extremely high levels of pollutants present in the ambient air of urban city. One
of the initiatives was to move public transport to CNG, which has been implemented in Delhi
since April 2001. Delhi boasted CNG in nearly 2200 buses, 25,000 three wheelers, 6000 taxis
and 10,000 cars. However, more than half of the vehicles are yet to be changed to CNG.A
relative comparison of ambient air concentration of pollutants, e.g. carbon monoxide (CO),
sulphur dioxide (SO2), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX),
emitted from transport sector, during the years 1995–2000 (without CNG) and the year 2001
(with CNG) has been made in order to assess the impact of CNG vehicles on ambient air
quality in Delhi. It has been found that concentration contribution of above pollutants has been
reduced considerably.
ANALYSIS OF PRESENT SCENARIO OF AMBIENT AIR
QUALITY IN DELHI

12. AIR QUALITY INDEX IN INDIA

13. STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT TO CONTROL AIR
POLLUTION
The Central Government has launched National Clean Air Program (NCAP) under the Central Sector “Control of Pollution”
Scheme as a long-term, time-bound, national level strategy to tackle the air pollution problem across the country in a
comprehensive manner with targets to achieve 20 % to 30 % reduction in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations by 2024 keeping
2017 as the base year for the comparison of concentration. The Central Government has notified a Comprehensive Action
Plan (CAP) in 2018 identifying timelines and implementing agencies for actions identified for prevention, control and
mitigation of air pollution in Delhi and NCR.

14. ONLINE SURVEYS (By Google Forms)
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhDy9fPFAc8nSs2TzgCwzKVOaaVXo-
l4wY_gHfL4RpmUc1zw/viewform?usp=sf_link

16. OFFLINE SURVEYS

17. REFERENCE
• AQI INDIA
• WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
• TIMES OF INDIA
• GOOGLE SCHOLAR
• MINISTRY OF ENVIORNMENT
• INDIAS TODAYS GROUP
• WIKIPEDIA
• WORLD AIR QUALITY INDEX EPA

18. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS

25. THANK
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