This presentation will cover: General information about Bangladesh Seasons of Bangladesh River of Bangladesh Amount monthly precipitation over the year Average humidity over the year Water quality standards Hazards Bangladesh faces Flood and drought event in Bangladesh Water pollution in Bangladesh Government’s law and policy

1. MD. KHAIRUL BASHAR
Student ID : 15595901
Masters Student
Thermal Energy Engineering MIYARA Lab.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Graduate School of Science & Engineering
Saga University, Japan
Water and it’s issues in Bangladesh
1 khairul.me08@gmail.com

2. CONTENTS
 General information about Bangladesh
 Seasons of Bangladesh
 River of Bangladesh
 Amount monthly precipitation over the year
 Average humidity over the year
 Water quality standards
 Hazards Bangladesh faces
 Flood and drought event in Bangladesh
 Water pollution in Bangladesh
 Government’s law and policy
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3. Where is Bangladesh?
Bangladesh officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a country in South Asia.
It is bordered by India to its west, north and east; Myanmar (Burma) to its southeast; and is separated
from Nepal and Bhutan by the Chicken’s Neck corridor. [1]
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4. General information about Bangladesh
Location
In South Asia; between 20° 34' and 26° 38' north latitude and between 88° 01' and 92° 41'
east longitude; consists of flat fertile alluvial land.
Climate: Sub tropical monsoon
Boundaries
North - India (West Bengal & Meghalaya), West - India (West Bengal), East - India
(Tripura & Assam) and Myanmar, South - Bay of Bengal
Area
Total:148,460 sq. km
Land: 130,170 sq. km
Water: 18,290 sq. km
Total land boundaries: 4,413 km
Border countries(2): Burma 271km, India 4,142 km
Coastline: 580 km
Maritime claims
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Contiguous zone: 18 nm
Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
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5. Cont.…….
Population
Density
155 million [3]
1,033.5/km2 (12th)
2,676.8/sq. mi
Growth rate 1.6% ( July 2014 est.) [4]
Birth rate 21.61 births/1,000 population (2104 est.)
Death rate 5.64 death/1, 000 population 2014 est.)
Life expectancy 70.65 years ( 2014 est.) [4]
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6. Seasons of Bangladesh
 Bangladesh has six seasons. They are summer, Rainy Season, Autumn, Late autumn, Winter and
Spring. But all the seasons are not of the same duration, and often they do not come one after
another . The spring in Bangladesh is very short and the summer is often rainy. However, each of
them has its distinctive features.[5]
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7. Summer Season
 The summer time in Bangladesh is pretty hot. The heat of the sun dries up the waterbodies
including the rivers, canals and the wetlands. The summer days are longer than the nights . At
this time the southerly or southwesterly monsoons flow over the country. When dry and cool
streams of air flowing from the west and northwest come in contact with rain laden clouds,
storms occur, which, at times, take a violent form.[5] [6]
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8. Picture of the Summer Season
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9. The Rainy Season
 The rainy season begins from June till September. During the rainy season, the southwest
monsoon winds bring plenty of rainfall (70 to 85 percent of the annual total) and occasionally
lasting for days without end without any respite. Most of the floodplains of the country remain
inundated during this period. Depending upon the local elevation, the depth and duration of rain
varies in different parts of Bangladesh.[5]
Fig: Average monthly rainy days over the year in Dhaka, Bangladesh 2105 [7]
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10. Picture of the Rainy Season
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11. Winter Season
 During this season, a center of high pressure lies over the northwestern part of India (Himalayan
zone). A stream of cold air flows eastward from this high pressure and enters Bangladesh through
its northwest corner. During this season, winds inside Bangladesh generally have a northerly
component (flowing from north or northwest). The winter season is very dry, which accounts for
less than 4 percent of the total annual rainfall. Average rainfall during the season varies from less
than 2 cm in the west and south to slightly over 4 cm in the northeast.[5]
Fig : Average minimum and maximum temperature in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2015 [7]
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12. Picture of the winter Season
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13. Rivers of Bangladesh
 Bangladesh is a riverine country. About 700 rivers including tributaries flow through the country constituting a
waterway of total length around 24,140 kilometers (15,000 mi). The principal rivers of Bangladesh are the
Padma, the Meghna, the Jamuna, the Buriganga, the Karnaphuli, and the Tista. Most of these rivers rise from
the Himalayas and fall into the Bay of Bengal. [8] Map showing the major lakes and rivers in Bangladesh.[9]
Fig: A typical river
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14. The Jumuna River The Meghna River
Land Of Rivers……..
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15. The Tista River The Karnafully River
Cont.…..
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16. Average monthly precipitation over the year
 This is the mean monthly precipitation, including rain, snow, hail etc.
Fig : Average precipitation(rain/ snow) in Dhaka , Bangladesh, 2015 [7]
JAN FE
B
MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
9.0 25.
5
52.4 130.2 277.3 459.4 523.
0
420.4 318.2 160.
3
42.4 9.6
 Table: Average Normal Rainfall over the country, 2015 in mm [11]
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17. Average humidity over the year
Fig: Average relative humidity in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2015 [7]
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18. Surface runoff and evaporation
 In Bangladesh rainfall and trans-boundary rivers flows are the main sources of surface water.
Bangladesh has an average annual surface flow of about 1,073 million acre feet (MAF), of
which about 870 MAF (93%) are received from India as inflow and rest 203 MAF (7%) as
rainfall. This water is enough to cover the entire country to a depth of 9.14m. About 132 MAF
(65% of rainfall and 12% of total) are lost in evaporation (114.30 cm) and the rest flows to the
bay of bengal.
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19. Note:
PH=Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration
ES= Electrical Conductivity
DO= Dissolve Oxygen
BOD: Biological Oxygen Demand
COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand
General water quality of the three rivers around Dhaka city, Bangladesh
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20. The metal concentration during wet and dry seasons in three different
rivers around Dhaka city, Bangladesh
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21. Water Quality Standard in Bangladesh [14]
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22. Note: For more details Please see ref. [14]
Cont.…..
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23. Water logging
Drought
Flood
Cyclone Storm surge, salinity
Bank erosion
Hazards Bangladesh faces
Bank Erosion
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24. Flood Impact
1998 1,100 deaths, inundated nearly 100,000 sq.-km, damaged
500,000 homes, heavy loss to infrastructure, estimated
damage US$ 2.8 billion.
2004 Inundation nearly 38% area of Bangladesh, deaths 700,
affected people nearly 3.8 million, damage US$ 6.6 billion.
2007 Inundated 32000 sq.-km , over 85,000 houses destroyed , 1.2
million acres of crops destroyed, 649 deaths , damage over $1
billion .
2010 Landslides and floods triggered by heavy rain have killed at
least 53 people in south-east Bangladesh.
2014 More than 800,000 people have been affected and killed at
least 9 people.
2015 The floods drowned hundreds of villages and killed at least
19 people.
Flood event in Bangladesh [12]
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25.  cyclones cause coastal flooding.
 lots of low-lying land.
 melt water from the Himalayas.
 deforestation.
 heavy monsoon rains.
 increasing urban areas etc.
Causes of flooding in Bangladesh
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26. Water shortage during dry periods More Drought
EXISTING DROUGHT
DROUGHT CLASSES (RABI SEASON)
Very Severe Drought
Severe Drought
Moderate Drought
Less Moderate Drought
Slight Drought
Very Slight to Nil
Severe & Moderate
Moderate & Less Moderate
Sunderbans
Forest
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27. Water
Pollution
Point source
Industrial
effluent
Textile Tannery Dyeing Thermal
Municipal
waste
Non-point
source
Agricultural
runoff
Atmospheric
Water pollution causes in Bangladesh
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28. • Numerous textile and tannery industries in Bangladesh
• Required to have ETP
• Expensive to treat effluent
• Owners reluctant to spend money on non-productive issues such as ETP
• Engineers tend to compromise with the owners
• Technology to treat textile dye may not always be economically viable
 Enforcement of regulations inadequate in the past; at present more strictly enforced.
Industrial effluent discharge
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29. Water pollution in Dhaka city[10]
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30. Some examples of water pollution
Industrial waste water discharge river Sewage discharge in river
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31. Waste materials dumping in river Sewage discharge in river
Some examples of water pollution
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32. Waste discharge in River
Waste
City
Authorities
Collecting
Methane Emission
Existing Practice: land
filling of waste
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33.  The Government of Bangladesh attaches highest importance to the necessity of enhance in national
capacity to cope with the risks induced by climate change. To achieve this end, Bangladesh Climate
Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) 2009 was formulated with specific focus on the disaster
management, research , mitigation and low-carbon development etc. areas. [13]
 Under Bangladesh water development board total 47 project are going on and they make 25 years vision.
[15]
 Bangladesh Environment protection law (Amendment), 2010 [16]
 Climate Change Trust Act, 2010 [16]
 Environment Court ( Amendment) Act, 2010 [16]
Government’s laws and policy
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34. Reference:
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh
[2] Page 4: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Bangladesh
[3] U.S. and World Population Clock
[4] "The World Fact book". CIA. July 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2014.
[5] http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Season
[6] http://www.dhaka.climatemps.com/march.php
[7] https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-
Sunshine,Dhaka,Bangladesh
[8] River and Drainage System". Banglapedia: National
[9] http://www.mapsofworld.com/bangladesh/bangladesh-river-map.html
[10] http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3298/2/3/280/htm
[11] www.bmd.gov.bd/
[12] National Plan for Disaster Management 2010-2015, Bangladesh Government and
Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan 2009.
[13] http://www.bcct.gov.bd/index.php/83-home
[14] DoE (Department of Environment). The Environment Conservation Rules; Ministry of
Environment and Forest, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh: Dhaka,
Bangladesh, 1997.
[15] http://www.bwdb.gov.bd/index.php/site/ongoing_project
[16] www.moef.gov.bd
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35. Thank you for your kind attention!
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36. Comments/ Questions?
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