Vehicular emissions are the largest contributor to urban air pollution, accounting for 70% of emissions. A long-term strategy is needed to achieve clean air. The proposed strategy includes 6 steps: 1) Reduce need for car travel through better urban planning and public transport. 2) Reduce emissions from vehicles in use by promoting cleaner fuels and technologies. 3) Reduce emissions from household and commercial activities like refuse burning. 4) Improve industry performance through new technologies and compliance. 5) Fund research to improve understanding of air quality issues. 6) Improve planning to minimize exposure to pollution and encourage cleaner production.
Based on the mandate given in SDG 11, calling for promoting an affordable and sustainable transport, globally all nations are trying to come out with an agenda and a vision for achieving carbon neutrality. Nations must make commitment to promote emissions-free mobility as a fundamental human right; doing the best things for humanity and society to lead towards a better and sustainable future and proactively promoting a paradigm shift towards electrification and creating a hydrogen based society for bringing sustainability. Sustainable transport is known for its distinct and numerous social and economic benefits for the communities, cities, environment and ecology. Studies made and analysis carried out has concluded that; Sustainable transport can help create large number of jobs; improve commuter safety through investment in bicycle lanes; reduce use of fossil fuel ; minimize pollution and congestion, making cities walkable; and making access to employment and social opportunities more affordable and efficient besides decarbonizing cities and making urban settlements more livable and sustainable. Sustainable transportation offers a practical opportunity and simple method of saving people's time, improving people’s health increasing household income and making cities great places for happy, healthy and more productive living besides making investment in sustainable transport, a 'win-win' option and opportunity for all stake holders.’ Decarbonizing, Carbon Neutrality and Zero-Carbon must remain the prime agenda to redefine, promote and achieve the sustainable transportation in urban areas and to achieve the mandate/goals given in SDG11. Planet earth looks at how nations can minimize travel and make it sustainable for making human settlements more peaceful and livable.
January 2024. Solid Waste (SW), commonly known as trash or garbage, is the waste generated from household consumption. Solid waste sources include homes, businesses, schools, and hospitals.
Solid Waste Management (SWM) is the process of collecting, treating, and disposing of waste in a safe and environmentally sustainable manner.
Solid waste management involves budgeting, planning, organization, and implementation to reduce the health and environmental impacts of solid waste handling and disposal.
The most common methods of solid waste management include landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling.
Solid waste management process includes four stages: (1) Collection (2) Sorting and segregation (3) Recycling and recovery, and (4) Final disposal in a landfill.
A sustainable solid waste management strategy depends on not creating waste from the beginning by (1) Avoiding wasteful and non-recyclable products (2) Reducing wasteful and non-recyclable products (3) Using compostable or reusable products and, (4) Upcycling, which means using waste products for new functions.
Policy wise, in 1992, the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) established the International Environmental Technology Center (IETC) to support the implementation of proper solid waste management systems. IETC aims to optimize the management of solid waste (plastics, electronics, agriculture, and food waste) in countries around the world.
In this slideshow, you will learn about the definition, types, methods, stages, strategies, UN policy, and global statistics of solid waste management. Discover the importance of an effective solid waste management system for public health protection and pollution prevention and the outlook for 2050. For more slideshows on environmental sustainability, please visit s2adesign.com
Urban sustainability is the idea that a city can be organised without excessive reliance on the surrounding countryside and be able to power itself with renewable sources of energy.
Based on the mandate given in SDG 11, calling for promoting an affordable and sustainable transport, globally all nations are trying to come out with an agenda and a vision for achieving carbon neutrality. Nations must make commitment to promote emissions-free mobility as a fundamental human right; doing the best things for humanity and society to lead towards a better and sustainable future and proactively promoting a paradigm shift towards electrification and creating a hydrogen based society for bringing sustainability. Sustainable transport is known for its distinct and numerous social and economic benefits for the communities, cities, environment and ecology. Studies made and analysis carried out has concluded that; Sustainable transport can help create large number of jobs; improve commuter safety through investment in bicycle lanes; reduce use of fossil fuel ; minimize pollution and congestion, making cities walkable; and making access to employment and social opportunities more affordable and efficient besides decarbonizing cities and making urban settlements more livable and sustainable. Sustainable transportation offers a practical opportunity and simple method of saving people's time, improving people’s health increasing household income and making cities great places for happy, healthy and more productive living besides making investment in sustainable transport, a 'win-win' option and opportunity for all stake holders.’ Decarbonizing, Carbon Neutrality and Zero-Carbon must remain the prime agenda to redefine, promote and achieve the sustainable transportation in urban areas and to achieve the mandate/goals given in SDG11. Planet earth looks at how nations can minimize travel and make it sustainable for making human settlements more peaceful and livable.
January 2024. Solid Waste (SW), commonly known as trash or garbage, is the waste generated from household consumption. Solid waste sources include homes, businesses, schools, and hospitals.
Solid Waste Management (SWM) is the process of collecting, treating, and disposing of waste in a safe and environmentally sustainable manner.
Solid waste management involves budgeting, planning, organization, and implementation to reduce the health and environmental impacts of solid waste handling and disposal.
The most common methods of solid waste management include landfilling, incineration, composting, and recycling.
Solid waste management process includes four stages: (1) Collection (2) Sorting and segregation (3) Recycling and recovery, and (4) Final disposal in a landfill.
A sustainable solid waste management strategy depends on not creating waste from the beginning by (1) Avoiding wasteful and non-recyclable products (2) Reducing wasteful and non-recyclable products (3) Using compostable or reusable products and, (4) Upcycling, which means using waste products for new functions.
Policy wise, in 1992, the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) established the International Environmental Technology Center (IETC) to support the implementation of proper solid waste management systems. IETC aims to optimize the management of solid waste (plastics, electronics, agriculture, and food waste) in countries around the world.
In this slideshow, you will learn about the definition, types, methods, stages, strategies, UN policy, and global statistics of solid waste management. Discover the importance of an effective solid waste management system for public health protection and pollution prevention and the outlook for 2050. For more slideshows on environmental sustainability, please visit s2adesign.com
Urban sustainability is the idea that a city can be organised without excessive reliance on the surrounding countryside and be able to power itself with renewable sources of energy.
Despite growing attention to innovative mobility and disruptive technologies, there is a surprising dearth of literature on a quantitative approach to redesign of city building, particularly street and public space reallocation to accommodate these changes. Several strong and direct policies and creative redesign concepts were developed with the help of quantified mobility demand that enables comprehensive review, redesign and reallocation of public spaces to complement the city’s mobility needs. First, redesign existing curb space or lanes towards shared and sustainable mobility uses. Second, reallocate unused right-turn lanes to create space for short and easy access to shared mobility services. Third, reallocate corner spaces and reduce unused local street pavement to create parking laybys for priority users and shared mobility services. Fourth, reuse recovered corner space for publicly accessible bikeshare, enhanced waiting areas, creates places at every street intersection, and green, environmental friendly enhanced streetscapes. Fifth, develop partnerships with private property owners to redesign building frontages and parking spaces to create eco-mobility access points for multimodal options and maintain/operate services to provide access to residents and visitors while sharing unused parking spaces through connected technologies and the untapping of idle capacity. Finally, multimodal quality of service and risk indices were applied to quantify the service improvements of downsized intersections and streets, and frequent location of safe crossing.
lLandfill are the major disposal route for municipal solid waste. Wastes in landfill experience physical and biological changes resulting in solubilization or suspension of high concentrations of organic matter in the landfill‘s leachate.
Source reduction and waste minimization, resource recovery and recycling, waste processing and treatment,combustion and land filling have all significantly affected the sufficiency of waste management systems.
Of all available management options for solid waste management, landfill disposal is the most commonly employed waste management worldwide.
A Short introduction over what EIA is , its objectives , its process , advantages and challenges in india.
Also two case studies, one where EIA is implented, and other where it isnt, have been included along with the references.
Despite growing attention to innovative mobility and disruptive technologies, there is a surprising dearth of literature on a quantitative approach to redesign of city building, particularly street and public space reallocation to accommodate these changes. Several strong and direct policies and creative redesign concepts were developed with the help of quantified mobility demand that enables comprehensive review, redesign and reallocation of public spaces to complement the city’s mobility needs. First, redesign existing curb space or lanes towards shared and sustainable mobility uses. Second, reallocate unused right-turn lanes to create space for short and easy access to shared mobility services. Third, reallocate corner spaces and reduce unused local street pavement to create parking laybys for priority users and shared mobility services. Fourth, reuse recovered corner space for publicly accessible bikeshare, enhanced waiting areas, creates places at every street intersection, and green, environmental friendly enhanced streetscapes. Fifth, develop partnerships with private property owners to redesign building frontages and parking spaces to create eco-mobility access points for multimodal options and maintain/operate services to provide access to residents and visitors while sharing unused parking spaces through connected technologies and the untapping of idle capacity. Finally, multimodal quality of service and risk indices were applied to quantify the service improvements of downsized intersections and streets, and frequent location of safe crossing.
lLandfill are the major disposal route for municipal solid waste. Wastes in landfill experience physical and biological changes resulting in solubilization or suspension of high concentrations of organic matter in the landfill‘s leachate.
Source reduction and waste minimization, resource recovery and recycling, waste processing and treatment,combustion and land filling have all significantly affected the sufficiency of waste management systems.
Of all available management options for solid waste management, landfill disposal is the most commonly employed waste management worldwide.
A Short introduction over what EIA is , its objectives , its process , advantages and challenges in india.
Also two case studies, one where EIA is implented, and other where it isnt, have been included along with the references.
Definition, Composition of atmospheric air, Classification and sources of air
pollutants. Effects of air pollution on human, plant and material, Air pollution control methods, equipment and safety.
Intelligent pollution monitoring using wireless sensor networks eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper provides an idea to deal with several pollution control measures existing in industries. The pollution likes air pollution due to release of toxic gases in the industry affects the entire human environment. Similarly, the motion of any living beings in any restricted area is identified through a PIR sensor. And, finally the water pollution by letting the improperly treated waste water into the river affects the entire eco system. Air pollution can affect many body organs and systems in addition to the environment. By the report of the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution is significant risk factor for multiple health conditions including skin and eye infections, irritation of the nose. The purity of water content released from the industry is checked through a pH meter the eel of purity of water should be beyond the standard specified by the pollution control board. This paper helps in neglecting those factors affecting the human environment through pollution.
Key Words: GSM, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), pH Meter, Gas Sensor, Pollution control board
Air pollution monitoring system using mobile gprs sensors arraySaurabh Giratkar
This paper contain brief introduction to vehicular pollution, effect of increase in vehicular pollution on environment as well on human health. To monitor this pollution wireless sensor network (WSN) system is proposed. The proposed system consists of a Mobile Data-Acquisition Unit (Mobile-DAQ) and a fixed Internet-Enabled Pollution Monitoring Server (Pollution-Server). The Mobile-DAQ unit integrates a single-chip microcontroller, air pollution sensors array, a General Packet Radio Service Modem (GPRS-Modem), and a Global Positioning System Module (GPS-Module). The Pollution-Server is a high-end personal computer application server with Internet connectivity. The Mobile-DAQ unit gathers air pollutants levels (CO, NO2, and SO2), and packs them in a frame with the GPS physical location, time, and date. The frame is subsequently uploaded to the GPRS-Modem and transmitted to the Pollution-Server via the public mobile network. A database server is attached to the Pollution- Server for storing the pollutants level for further usage by various clients such as environment protection agencies, vehicles registration authorities, and tourist and insurance companies.
Urban Air Pollution in Developing Country Megacities.
A Workshop On
Transportation in Developing Urban Areas:
Addressing Air Quality and Climate Change Issues by Michael P. Walsh
Air Pollution and Climate Change Investment Bondseric keogh
Green in The City - Green Bonds for Clean Air and Climate Change
Overview Transport is the number-one source of air pollution in cities, causing serious problems to human health, the economy, climate and the environment. Current approaches to reducing transport emissions have not led to the desired results, leaving city regulators with challenges of protecting the health and wellbeing of their residents. The Air Quality & Transport (AQT) Green Bond provides public authorities and investors with exciting opportunities to capitalize on clean transport projects that monitor, manage and reduce emissions. Returns on investment are maximized through economic benefits of improved public health and economic productivity, climate change mitigation and reduced public expenditure on transport-related externalities. The AQT Bond is particularly suitable for cities wanting to take global leadership on air quality management and climate change mitigation, providing win-win-win solutions that benefits people, the economy, climate and the environment.
Opportunity to reduce carbon content in supply chain thesis
This is my YouTube channel please visit, https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzqDP4ePIIuZ42KbFMaRw1g?sub_confirmation=1
End-to-end Urban Street Air Quality Management Framework: A Conceptual DesignNuwan Sriyantha Bandara
The presented UrboQM is a fully defined end-to-end framework to combat motorized street-based urban air pollution, utilizing a divergent array of emerging technologies in integrative harmony and semantic meaning.
The proposed framework is developed to be robust in sensing, low in cost, accurate in prognostic predictions and easy in scaling while being sustainable.
The proposed conceptual design is presented to the World Bank Group Youth Summit Pitch Competition 2022.
Developing A Sustainable Transportation Environmental Improvement Plan_BazeleyRoger Bazeley, USA
Developing a Sustainable Transportation Environmental Improvement Plan; “All children deserve a safe and healthy trip to and from school; via all modes of transportation including walking, biking, public transportation, school bus, or by automobile.
Walking and biking are proven to increase activity for children and adults that reduces obesity and contributes to a more healthy life style, more livable and walkable communities with greater accessibility for all.”
Overview of NIWA's Urban Air Quality and Health group research on integrating exposure concepts into urban planning through measurement campaigns and the development of the TOTUS system.
Presented at the seminar – Urban air quality: Relationships between urban form, pollutant behaviour and population health.
Date: Tuesday 25 November,
Venue: Adam Auditorium, ground floor, City Gallery, Civic Square, 101 Wakefield St, Wellington.
http://sustainablecities.org.nz/2014/11/seminar-urban-air-quality/
Sustainable development is defined as development that satisfies the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to satisfy theirs. Sustainable development insists on the need to protect the diversity of genes, species, and all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in nature. This is possible in particular to protect the quality of the environment, and by the restoration, development, and maintenance of habitats that are essential to species.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
1. Abstract of Paper onAbstract of Paper on
Strategy for Control of Urban Air PollutionStrategy for Control of Urban Air Pollution
By S. K. GuptaBy S. K. Gupta
Chapter Secretary- Indian Association for Air Pollution Control
All Human activities generate large quantities of emissions that would otherwise be not
present in the atmosphere. These activities which include Household, industrial or travel
produces a variety of pollutants like CO, Oxides of Sulphure, Nitrogen, Particulates and
VOC’s. Some of these are visible and some are non-visible and each one of them has its
own range of health and environmental impacts.
In the recent past, with strict regulations and availability of technology, it has been possible
to control the emissions to a large extent from Household and Industrial activities. It has
also been possible to reduce vehicular emissions through the use of better fuels like
unleaded petrol, low sulphur diesel, better design of vehicles and alternative fuels like CNG,
However the rapid growth in number of vehicles on road and excessive vehicle usage has
out weighted all the advantages derived through these various efforts and today vehicular
emissions are the largest contributor of pollutants in the urban atmosphere and is
increasing day by day. In 1960, it was around 20%, 40% in 1990 and it is now close to 70%
of the total. The increasing Human population, better purchasing power, urban sprawl and
poorly planned communities would worsen the situation further.
Increased vehicular emissions are also responsible for increase in Noise and odour levels,
poor visibility, haze and smog formation in urban areas. A continuation of this trend without
effective intervention would see quality of life deteriorate in the long term, placing the
community’s health and well being and the amenity and livability at risk.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a long term strategy to achieve clean and
healthy urban air. This paper highlights some of the strategic steps which needs to be taken
to ensure this. All of us have to play a vital role and collective effort would only make a big
and significant difference.
2. STRATEGYSTRATEGY
STEPS NEEDED TO CONTROL URBAN AIR POLLUTIONSTEPS NEEDED TO CONTROL URBAN AIR POLLUTION
A. Objective: Clean & Healthy Urban Environment
B. APPROACH
1. Reduce emissions from main sources of pollution i.e.
Transport
Industry
Household and Commercial Activities
2. Improve understanding of air pollution process for future developments in
the above three sector
3. Improve air quality through planning and alternative mechanism.
C. STRATEGY
1. Reduce the need for car travel
2. Reduce emissions from vehicles in use
3. Reduce emissions from refuse burning house hold and commercial
activities
4. Improve industry performance
5. Research and Development for air quality management
6. Improve air quality through planning. Put in place – local area committees
to identify needs, implement and monitor the policy.
3. STRATEGY I
REDUCE THE NEED FOR CAR TRAVEL
Focus on: Reducing vehicular emission by promoting use of alternative mods of transport and
managing travel demands.
A Typical Contribution of Vehicular Emissions
NOx Pm10 VOC CO SO2
70% 65% 65% 85% 8%
Emissions that are not likely to improve with technology are:
NOx VOC’s
Only a reduction in the overall use of vehicles will reduce these emission
Reasons for excessive vehicle use
1. Urban Sprawl – Demand for travel between suburbs. People rely on own cars for
commuting, shopping & recreation as they find it to be more reliable, convenient, safer
and in some cases cheaper than public transport.
2. Poor Integration of Land use and Transport – People have to unnecessarily
commute from one end to another due to non-centralized location of activity centers
(e.g. Electricity/Water, House Tax, Telephone, Post Office, Bank Police, Schools.)
3. Non-Availability of Community facilities within walking distance of Habitats –
People make many short trips for buying conveniences and (These are highly polluting.
Cold engines putout more pollutants than warm ones)
4. STRATEGY I
REDUCE THE NEED FOR CAR TRAVEL
RECOMMENDATION
People would change their travel behaviour provided they have an adequate
alternative
This is possible by :
1. Improving urban amenity and community accessibility to local activities via walking and
cycling pathways facilities. (e.g. improve local infrastructure –rather than concentrating
on improving Ring Roads alone).
2. Improving public transport by increasing converge and quality of service
3. Upgrading transport infrastructure to cater for public transport
4. Launch programmes aimed at changing travel behaviour e.g.
a) Shed your car day- Identify rewards for not driving
b) School travel programme – (shift home close to schools sard children in group accompanied by
elder person/Maid as was the practice in old days in India)
c) Work place travel plan programme.
(Car pools, shift house near work place)
One day car shedding can reduce Air Pollution by 10%
Many short trips contribute significantly to peak hour congestion and inordinate
amount of air pollution.
The way we plan over communities is integral to our capacity to reduce car
dependency. The ultimate goal of each resident living close to work, shops,
schools and public transport is a long way off and depends upon a massive
coordination effort between various agencies as today, many people now
live in one region and work in another.
5. STRATEGY 2STRATEGY 2
REDUCE EMMISSIONS FROM VEHICLES IN USEREDUCE EMMISSIONS FROM VEHICLES IN USE
Focus on: Reducing emission from a active vehicles in use:
a) Promoting use of cleaner fuels.
(Adopt strict fuel standards)
b) Improving vehicle maintenance
Regular inspection and maintenance of vehicles have the ability to
reduce or minimize excessive emissions from in service vehicles by
ensuring that cars be maintained to manufacturer specs and the
emission control systems are functioning properly.
c) Encouraging use of cleaner vehicle emission technology
Development of cleaner engine technology now offers many
alternatives like H2 fuel cells, electric-petrol hybrid vehicles,
CNG/LPG, bio diesel and fuel free vehicles like ELECTRIC
VEHICLES.
d) Prevent over loading.
6. STRATEGY 3STRATEGY 3
IMPROVE INDUSTRY PERFORMANCEIMPROVE INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE
Contribution of Industrial Sources: (Man Made Contribution)
PM SO2 NOX VOC
60% 75% 16% 4%
TYPICAL MAIN SOURCES
• Thermal Power Houses
• Refineries
• Metal Processing Recovery Units
• Stone Crushers
• DG Sets
RECOMMENDATIONS
• USE of batter technologies can help reduce emissions
• Proper siting of such units can prevent pollution
• Regular monitorings help to gain insights
• Compliance to ISO-14001 by industries operating in urban areas would
improve industry performance.
7. STRATEGY 4STRATEGY 4
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FOR AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENTRESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FOR AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Focus on: Developing Understanding
Effective air quality management requires a clear understanding of the issues
that influences the quality of the air we breath.
Predominantly the relationship between emissions and ambient air quality
needs to be better understood to gauge the extent of air quality problem in an
urban area. Despite current knowledge, there is still much to be learnt about
factors and relationships that affect air quality.
RECOMMENDATION
1. Fund project to develop accurate source inventories dispersion models and
validation there of.
2. Fund projects to develop standards of amenty, conservation, energy, health and
safety
3. Fund research on development of air quality indicators for different urban areas.
4. Fund research to monitor their carcinogen, air toxics and epidemiological studies.
Intensive and Extensive monitorings combined with research and technological
development. This will improve our knowledge and understanding of the issue and
processes that affect air quality and would help in finding effective local and regional
solutions.
8. STRATEGY 5STRATEGY 5
IMPROVE AIR QUALITY THROUGH PLANNINGIMPROVE AIR QUALITY THROUGH PLANNING
FOCUSES ON
Focus on: Minimizing exposure of residents to pollutants
Exposures can be due to:
1. Ambient air pollution – Mixture of pollutants from local source as well as from
distant sources
2. Fugitive emissions
3. Indoor air pollutants
It can be appreciated that it is more effective to plan to prevent air pollution than
to control after development. Prevention measures one the best way to avoid or
reduce impacts on both the indoor and out door environment.
Recommendation
1. Switchover to cleaner production, best manufacturing/process or practices.
Encourage and reward industries to use opportunities to reduce emissions.
2. Develop interface between land use and transport plan that reduces car
dependency.
3. Launch Awareness programmes to inform that the air indoors can be more polluted
than the out door air. Give information about products which produces pollution and
their pollution impacts so that people curtail their use. Reward good houses/offices
that comply with the standards (e.g. Rebate in house tax)
4. Create opportunity for community involvement in decision making. Setup local area
committee to take decision.