There has been a "seven-fold increase" in Delhi's air pollution level since October 2015,
a Center for Science and Environment (CSE) expert said today even as real-time
exposure readings of nearly all monitoring stations put PM 2.5 and PM 10 figures above
the 'severe' threshold. Growing population of the city.
Descriptive analysis of awareness about land pollution, water pollution, air ...Poonam Sankhe
Descriptive analysis of awareness about land pollution, water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution with its causes and effects among the citizens“
Air pollution in lahore, causes and it effect on environment, air pollutant, major air pollutants that causes the air pollution , NOX, SOX, carbon monoxide, conclusions and recommendations,ned university
Various sources, causes and effect of pollution on human health is explained in the slides. Major pollution like air, water and noise pollution is explained in detail.
Descriptive analysis of awareness about land pollution, water pollution, air ...Poonam Sankhe
Descriptive analysis of awareness about land pollution, water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution with its causes and effects among the citizens“
Air pollution in lahore, causes and it effect on environment, air pollutant, major air pollutants that causes the air pollution , NOX, SOX, carbon monoxide, conclusions and recommendations,ned university
Various sources, causes and effect of pollution on human health is explained in the slides. Major pollution like air, water and noise pollution is explained in detail.
This is the fourth slideshow in a series for Unit 4 VCE Environmental Science. It discusses the factors contributing to air pollution, the sources and sinks and the human and environmental health effects.
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
Air Pollution Prevention Management in Pakistan - Environmental SciencesZeeshan Azam
The presentation is all about environmental sciences. Pollution and its different types are provided and specially Air pollution has been discussed thoroughly.
National ambient air quality standards 2009.pdfShrenikMehar
National ambient air quality standards 2009 was a act taken by indian government to have control on amount of harmful substances released in environment. This act was made way before in 90s but refurbished in 2009 once again with some modifications in values of those toxic substances
Water pollution throughout the world is affecting food chains and food webs. Water such as lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, and oceans become polluted in many different ways. One main way is the dumping of trash, or littering. Many creeks, rivers, and even oceans have been polluted by manmade items such as trash (EPA, 2011). When fresh water such as rivers and creeks become polluted, it hurts the surrounding wildlife.
Water pollution and its effect on animal healthSameer Sankhe
This ppt is related to Water pollution and It's effect on Animal health, preventive measures to be implemented, with information about various types of water pollution in the environment.
Advancement in neem oil extraction process Prem Baboo
This paper describes a process of preparation of neem oil water emulsion & coating of urea in fertilizer plants, at site of urea production. The neem tree found in Asia and basically Indian sub continent. The basic part for neem oil used is seed of the neem known as kernels .Different method are available to obtain neem oil including one new method Supercritical method for extraction of neem oil from kernels.Now a days the main demand of neem oil in fertilizers Industries for coating of Urea and other fertilizers. “Government of India has done away with the cap on neem- coated urea and now it can be produced 100%. It is a win-win situation for both industry and farmers. It has been noted that farmer’s income would increase with the help of neem-coated urea as productivity would increase with less usage of urea.”Consequently the demand of Neem oil drastically increasing. In this paper some description of oil preparation method. Using carbon dioxide: methanol for supercritical fluid extraction is the maximum yield eco friendly process but slightly economical.
This is the fourth slideshow in a series for Unit 4 VCE Environmental Science. It discusses the factors contributing to air pollution, the sources and sinks and the human and environmental health effects.
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
Air Pollution Prevention Management in Pakistan - Environmental SciencesZeeshan Azam
The presentation is all about environmental sciences. Pollution and its different types are provided and specially Air pollution has been discussed thoroughly.
National ambient air quality standards 2009.pdfShrenikMehar
National ambient air quality standards 2009 was a act taken by indian government to have control on amount of harmful substances released in environment. This act was made way before in 90s but refurbished in 2009 once again with some modifications in values of those toxic substances
Water pollution throughout the world is affecting food chains and food webs. Water such as lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, and oceans become polluted in many different ways. One main way is the dumping of trash, or littering. Many creeks, rivers, and even oceans have been polluted by manmade items such as trash (EPA, 2011). When fresh water such as rivers and creeks become polluted, it hurts the surrounding wildlife.
Water pollution and its effect on animal healthSameer Sankhe
This ppt is related to Water pollution and It's effect on Animal health, preventive measures to be implemented, with information about various types of water pollution in the environment.
Advancement in neem oil extraction process Prem Baboo
This paper describes a process of preparation of neem oil water emulsion & coating of urea in fertilizer plants, at site of urea production. The neem tree found in Asia and basically Indian sub continent. The basic part for neem oil used is seed of the neem known as kernels .Different method are available to obtain neem oil including one new method Supercritical method for extraction of neem oil from kernels.Now a days the main demand of neem oil in fertilizers Industries for coating of Urea and other fertilizers. “Government of India has done away with the cap on neem- coated urea and now it can be produced 100%. It is a win-win situation for both industry and farmers. It has been noted that farmer’s income would increase with the help of neem-coated urea as productivity would increase with less usage of urea.”Consequently the demand of Neem oil drastically increasing. In this paper some description of oil preparation method. Using carbon dioxide: methanol for supercritical fluid extraction is the maximum yield eco friendly process but slightly economical.
A case study of thinning of ng (natural gas) injection line in mp section bef...Prem Baboo
In urea plant Medium pressure Inerts gases recover HRU burner in Captive Power Plant. The inserts containing useful fuel in the form of Hydrogen & Methane about 40-45% volume percentage of total inerts. This inerts also containing Oxygen because the passivation air is given in carbon Dioxide compressor suction line for passivation of Reactor vessel and all downstream Stainless Steel vessel. In the presence of Oxygen there are chances of explosive mixture of Hydrogen and Oxygen in exit of MP section final vent line, to overcome this dangerous situation natural gases are added in the MP section before MP condenser so that the range of explosive can be avoided. These gases Hydrogen & Methane come with carbon Dioxide gas from Ammonia plant, carbon Dioxide about 0.5-0.7 % and Methane about 0.08 to0.1%. But we have seen after implementation of this scheme, frequent leakage was observed from inlet flange as well as heavy erosion was noticed in the inside surface of vapour inlet line and flange. Erosion was noticed from NG injection point and extended downstream up to nozzle flange in elliptical pattern. Material of construction of the process piping is A312 TP -316 L (Cr-18%, Ni-12%, Mo-2.0%, N-0.2%, and C-0.03%) which is compliable as per basic licenser. Hence frequent thinning of the pipe wall nearing injection point is due to sudden expansion of natural gas. In order to minimize pipe wall erosion phenomenon near NG injection point an alternative arrangement of NG injection extending the 1” NG line up to center of the vapour inlet line has been implemented and location of injection also changed as fig.-3.
Hydrogen recovery from purge gas(energy saving)Prem Baboo
Ammonia is continuously condensed out of the loop and fresh synthesis gas is added. Because the synthesis gas contains small quantities of methane and argon, these impurities build up in the loop and must be continuously purged to prevent them from exceeding a certain concentration. Although this purge stream can be used to supplement reformer fuel gas, it contains valuable hydrogen which is lost from the ammonia synthesis loop In order to achieve optimum conversion in synthesis convertor, it is necessary to purge a certain quantity of gas from synthesis loop so as to as to reduce inerts concentration in the loop. Purge gas stream from ammonia process contains ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen and other inert gases. Among them, ammonia itself is the valuable product lost with the purge stream. Moreover it has a serious adverse effect on the environment.This purge gas containing about 60% Hydrogen was fully utilised as primary reformer fuel.
Energy saving in urea plant by modification in heat exchanger and processPrem Baboo
Energy is the prime mover of economic growth and is vital to the sustenance of a modern economy. Improvement in energy
efficiency reduces cost of production & results in environmental benefits, e.g. mitigation of global warming by way of less emission of
Green house gases in the atmosphere. Over the years several energy conservation measures have been taken towards reduction in
specific energy consumption and improvement in energy efficiency. The efforts’ resulted in reduction in specific energy consumption
from 6.27G. Cal/tone of Urea to 5.421 G.Cal/tone of Urea in 2015-16 as shown in the Graph No 1 & 2 with energy & down time.
Further a major modification of all plants is under way. Most of the schemes have been implemented in 2012 and the further
modifications expected to result again reduction of energy consumption for ammonia and Urea plants. This paper described some of
the modification in urea plants implemented recently in May/June 2016.
Coating particles or granules of urea with sulphur and a sealant results in the formation of a membrane that regulates the availability of nitrogen for plant growth.Sulphur Coated Urea (SCU) fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer that is made by coating urea with sulphur and wax that increases nitrogen efficiency, improves plant growth and reduces water pollution, compared with water soluble fast-release urea. Sulphur Coated Urea Avoid soil compaction; reduce frequency of application and reducing total cost; effectively reduce salt index, improving quality of crops; sulphur is a middle element, to provide nutrition for crops. As a hi-tech controlled/slow release fertilizer, Sulphur coated urea (SCU) has both effects of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers.
Cause and prevention for steam turbine blade scaling & fouling Prem Baboo
The paper intended to deposition of Wang scaling/deposition & corrosion on turbine blades. How to deposit these scales? Prevention and control the deposits. Major steam turbine problems causes and effects. Practical examples of our shut down experience of 40 ata & 100 ata steam turbines. Lab analysis detail report of wet steam cleaning and sand blasting cleaning of the blades.
Environment management and advanced waste treatment system in nitrogenious fe...Prem Baboo
The paper intended to the standpoint of harmful emissions typical nitrogen-based fertilizer plants producing ammonia and urea plants using the advanced available technologies. The critical emission points are established and analyzed. Several possible actions have been taken in order to minimize the emissions are presented.The method is low cost and at the same time enhances the fertilizer value of sewage sludge. It therefore has a large potential of competing with more established methods of sanitization.
Energy saving and pollution control in urea plant though prilling tower and o...Prem Baboo
In Prilling Tower the ambient air is used as the cooling air stream for this process. In hot days, the temperature of the product at the bottom of the tower are hot that cannot be packed directly.Prilling tower have variable opening louvers system, this helps to control air intake flow to prilling tower at bottom, which is very useful in rainy seasons as CRH (critical relative humidity) of urea becomes less than atmospheric humidity and prills tends to absorb moisture from air. Humidity of air along the height of tower increases due to evaporation of moisture from prills. Rate of change of humidity at the top is more than that at the bottom indicates most of the moisture is removed at the top when the prills is in the liquid stage. In addition, in hot/ humid days, the prills form lamps and cakes with each other. To overcome this problem the bulk flow cooler (BFC) or cooling fluidized dryer (CFD) are used.
A mathematical hydrodynamics, heat, and mass transfer between the urea and the cooling air is developed. The prilling tower is the source of pollution in form of dust and ammonia and that can be control by simple technic also energy saving in terms of ammonia saving, ammonia is the harmful pollutant if you vent and useful product if you recovers.
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Ocean Pollution Essay
Essay On Air Pollution
Proposal Essay On Pollution
Essay On Air Pollution
Essay about Pollution
Essay about Pollution
Essay about Pollution
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
The explosion hazard in urea process (1)Prem Baboo
In Urea plant passivation air is used in reactor, stripper and downstream of the all equipments. The reactor liner material used Titanium, Zirconium, SS 316L (urea grade), 2RE-69 and duplex material .except Titanium and Zirconium all stainless steel required more passivation air. In CO2 some quantity of Hydrogen is present about 0.14% to 0.2% . The passivation oxygen and Hydrogen makes explosive mixture. To avoid a fire or explosion in a process vessel is to introduce inert (noncombustible) gases in such a way that there is never a mixture with a combustible concentration in exit of MP vent. Mixtures of fuel, oxygen, and inert gases are not combustible over the entire range of composition. In CO2 stripping process the HP scrubber is the risky vessel and this vessel consisting blanketing sphere, Heat exchanger part and a scrubbing part. With help of triangular diagram that shows the shape of the combustible/noncombustible regions for a typical gaseous mixture of fuel, oxygen, and inert at specified temperature and pressure. Present article how to avoid that combustible rang and how to tackle that gases in CO2 & ammonia stripping process.
Over the past two decades, the ammonia and urea industry have witnessed spectacular metallurgical developments for process equipment. For example, stainless steels, modified with special materials, can improve high temperature creep rupture resistance. Using duplex stainless steels and modern corrosion abatement techniques are other methods that improve plant-operating performance.
Ever since the declaration of 100% neem coated urea by India Government, the number of neem trees is increasing continuously in India Neem coated urea requires neem oil, more urea more oil and trees also required more. When it comes to oil, neem plants are rather promising. Probably no other plant yields as many exploitable by-products and benefits. Earlier, 100% Neem Coated Urea was made mandatory in 2015.
Prills /granular urea are not only costly for the producer but may be harmful to humans and the environment. Furthermore, nano Urea may also be used for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance. Nano-Urea prevents environmental pollution and improves physiological traits of wheat grown under drought stress conditions. The nano urea consist of higher surface area because lesser in size of the nano particle and have high reactivity, solubility in water. Nano Urea are the important tools in agriculture to improve crop efficiency, yield and quality parameters with increase nutrient use efficiency, reduce wastage of fertilizers and cost of cultivation. Nano-urea is very effective for precise nutrient management in precision agriculture with matching the crop growth stage for nutrient and may provide nutrient throughout the crop growth period. Nano-Urea increase crop growth up to optimum concentrations further increase in concentration may inhibit the crop growth due to the toxicity of nutrient. Nano-Urea provide more surface area for different metabolic reactions in the plant which increase rate of photosynthesis and produce more dry matter and yield of the crop. It is also prevent plant from different biotic and abiotic stress.
Installation of S-50 ammonia synthesis converter along with waste heat boiler in downstream of existing S-200 ammonia synthesis converter is one of the major schemes of Energy Saving Project of Ammonia plant. The energy saving reported 0.18 G.Cal/T of Ammonia. Several ammonia plants have installed an additional ammonia synthesis converter in combination with a HP steam waste heat boiler, downstream of the existing ammonia converter. The result is increased conversion per pass, reduced compression requirements due to the smaller recycle gas stream, and improved waste heat recovery. Among the methodologies aimed at finding energy saving opportunities, pinch analysis linked to power and steam modeling has proved to be a powerful way for determining projects to improve the overall energy efficiency of industrial sites. This procedure has been applied successfully in many industrial facilities, allowing optimal energy recovery in the process and hence reduction of fuel consumption.
Super conversion in urea reactors with super cup high efficiency traysPrem Baboo
In Urea Conversion gas/liquid mixing in urea reactor with application of high efficiency trays homogeneous and heterogeneous phases’ iquilibria and kinetics is very important. The efficiency of Urea Reactors can be improved by the application of the latest generation of internals .Generally Fluid dynamics phenomenon are created by the concurrent gas liquid flow through the simple perforated trays which generates irregular bubbles now this problem has been solved by new generation high efficiency device super cup patented by M/S. Saipem. Present article intended how conversion increases by super cup with geometry of the shape of super cup etc. The increase in the efficiency has permitted direct benefits to the overall production and energy of the units, thus allowing lower energy consumption and a reduced environmental impact emission of greenhouse gases. The Super Cups can be applied to design a new generation of urea reactors as well as to improve the performance of existing equipment in a revamp design.
In the plant, ammonia is produced from synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen in the ratio of approximately 3:1. Besides these components, the synthesis gas contains inert gases such as argon and methane to a limited extent. The source of H2 is demineralized water and the hydrocarbons in the natural gas. The source of N2 is the atmospheric air. The source of CO2 is the hydrocarbons in the natural gas feed. Product ammonia and CO2 is sent to urea plant. The present article intended the description of ammonia plant for natural gas based plants and the possible material balance of some section.
Sweet and sour experience of commissioning 1Prem Baboo
The paper describes a successful of plant start-up despite the pandemic difficulties and introduces a set of first considerations about the possible future application of available digital technologies for remote and distributed control system from central control room commissioning of complex Dangote Fertilizer Plants. The numbers of problem were faced during commissioning stage ultimately the 17th march 2021 was the historical date for achieved plant production of line-1 plant .The major problem was pandemic due to which scarcity of staff availability. However numbers of problems faced in Ammonia and urea plants. About 4 time’s unsuccessful attempt were done and finally we got historical success. In this paper we described the failure attempt and types of problems faced in ammonia and urea plants and each time problems were differ from previous.
How to improve safety and reliability of the high pressure section of urea pl...Prem Baboo
This paper elaborates the most critical safety hazards: Ruptures and toxic ammonia leaks. The paper also provides the Top 10 prevention and mitigation measures. To minimize / avoid that incidents do repeat, we recommend to make use of the Center for Chemical Process Safety: Risk Based Process Safety Management approach. Pay proper attention to avoid ruptures, to handle leaks and to apply the right and state-of-the-art leak detection systems.
Experience of material in fertilizers industriesPrem Baboo
Materials plays very important role in any industry. Selection of material is vital at design stage itself ,Wrong selection of material may lead to catastrophic failures and outage of plants & even loss of Human lives, Right selection of material leads to long life of plant. In the latest plants specialty 2 RE-69 materials are used for liner. The actual reactor has been constructed using a variety of materials, e.g. Zirconium, Vessel inside a protective liner. This paper intended study Material in urea plant in different vessels and equipment design. In Primary reformer numbers of materials are modified such as micro alloy are also used in tubes.
This book covers design of high Pressure equipment and developments, Process flow diagram of different section of Ammonia, Urea and others fertilizers .Fundamentals of ammonia urea plant trouble shooting risk assessment corrosion in different vessels and remedies. This book is useful for Engineers and Sr. Managers for plant commissioning and trouble shooting and Engineering Students. This book contains about 51 tables and 144 useful diagram and chart graphics etc. Detail description of ammonia/CO2 stripping process and new developments. Design Parameters of High pressure vessel and comparison. Study of corrosion for various equipments and control. How to control corrosion by changing of equipments material.
High pressure vessel_leakage_in_urea_plants (1)Prem Baboo
In urea plant ammonium carbamate solution is very corrosive; all metals have corrosion problems with ammonium carbamate and the corrosion problems increase with temperature, a ten degree Celsius rise in temperature doubles the corrosion rate to the point where the duplex steel is no longer acceptable. The material plays a very important role in Urea plants. The space between the reactor liner and the shell is most often empty and employs various methods of detecting a leak ranging from conductivity measurements. Vacuum leak detection system, pressure leak detection system etc. Titanium, SS316L (urea grade), 2 RE-69 etc.) Over the years that can resist ammonium carbamate corrosion. Materials plays very important role in any industry. Selection of material is vital at design stage itself ,Wrong selection of material may lead to catastrophic failures and outage of plants & even loss of Human lives, Right selection of material leads to long life of plant. In the latest plants specialty duplex materials are used for liner. The actual reactor has been constructed using a variety of materials, e.g. Zirconium, Vessel inside a protective liner. This paper intended study of number of leakage in the HP loop vessels, e.g. Zirconium, Vessel inside a protective liner. This paper intended study of number of leakage in the HP loop vessels, e.g. Reactor, Stripper, Carbamate condenser etc. How to detect leakage and troubleshooting during detection and attending the leakages.
High pressure vessel leakage in urea plantsPrem Baboo
In urea plant ammonium carbamate solution is very corrosive; all metals have corrosion problems with ammonium carbamate and the corrosion problems increase with temperature, a ten degree Celsius rise in temperature doubles the corrosion rate to the point where the duplex steel is no longer acceptable. The material plays a very important role in Urea plants. The space between the reactor liner and the shell is most often empty and employs various methods of detecting a leak ranging from conductivity measurements. Vacuum leak detection system, pressure leak detection system etc. Titanium, SS316L (urea grade), 2 RE-69 etc.) Over the years that can resist ammonium carbamate corrosion. Materials plays very important role in any industry. Selection of material is vital at design stage itself ,Wrong selection of material may lead to catastrophic failures and outage of plants & even loss of Human lives, Right selection of material leads to long life of plant. In the latest plants specialty duplex materials are used for liner. The actual reactor has been constructed using a variety of materials, e.g. Zirconium, Vessel inside a protective liner. This paper intended study of number of leakage in the HP loop vessels, e.g. Zirconium, Vessel inside a protective liner. This paper intended study of number of leakage in the HP loop vessels, e.g. Reactor, Stripper, Carbamate condenser etc. How to detect leakage and troubleshooting during detection and attending the leakages.
If the material of liner changed with 2RE 69 or Duplex material instead of SS316(urea grade), then passivation air can be reduced, resulting the energy saving because the inerts vented from M.P section and loss of ammonia and problem of pollution. To enhance capacity and energy of the existing plant the internals like vortex mixture and HET may be changed the capacity may increase up to 10-15%.HET, you can changed with super cup.The CO2 and feed top of the vortex mixture nozzle and Ammonia plus carbamate feed from side of the vortex mixture. In the mixing area the initial dispersion of gas and formation of liquid – gas mixture are performed.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
2. LATEST STEPS TAKEN TO CONTROL AIR
POLLUTION
IN
METROPOLITAN CITY
Author
Prem Baboo
Researcher, www.researchGate.net
Manager, www.waternetwork.com
Expert, www.ureaknowhow.com
prem.baboo@nfl.co.in
3. INTRODUCTION
There has been a "seven-fold increase" in Delhi's air pollution level since October2015,
a Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) expert said today even as real-time
exposure readings of nearly all monitoring stations put PM 2.5 and PM 10 figures above
the 'severe' threshold. Growing population of the city. The pressure and haphazard
growth of the population is deteriorating the environment. There has been highly
haphazard and unplanned development of industries and factories. Many factors
contribute to this increase, including reliance on fossil fuels such as coal fired power plants,
dependence on private transport motor vehicles, inefficient use of energy in buildings, and the
use of biomass for cooking and heating," Studies have revealed that only about 20% of the
industrial units are set up in the approved industrial areas whereas the rest of them are
in residential and commercial areas. There has been a huge rise in the vehicular
population, in spite of the metro railways, aggravating traffic congestion and increasing
air and noise pollution. It has also been reported that the number of vehicles plying on
the roads of Delhi is more than that of the three metropolitan cities of Mumbai, Kolkata
and Chennai taken together. There have also been an ever-increasing number of diesel
vehicles plying on the roads, which are largely responsible for the air pollution. It has
been reported by the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)
that everyday almost 8,000 m tonnes of solid waste is being generated in Delhi. Plus we
also have the industrial hazardous and non-hazardous waste. On an average, every day,
the MCDs and the NDMC manage to clear about 5,000-5,500 m tonnes of garbage. This
results in the accumulation of more and more garbage in the city. There has been no
proper technology or methods to treat solid, liquid, waste water, industrial and hospital
wastes in the city. Problems in Delhi, India are a threat to the well-being of the city's and
area's inhabitants as well as the flora and fauna. Delhi, the sixth-most populated
metropolis in the world, is one of the most heavily polluted cities in India. Reacting to
the report, Anumita Roy & Chowdhury of the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)
said the new WHO data base only confirms the health concerns in India.
4. Particulate matter for measuring pollution
One way of measuring pollution is by the measure of particulate matter. Particulate
matter is basically a mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets like acids,
chemicals, gas, water, metals, soil dust particles, etc., the measurement of which gives an
idea of the pollution of a city. It is also known as particle pollution or PM.
According to global burden of disease estimates, air pollution is the fifth largest killer in
India. Tiny particles (PM10 and PM2.5) go deep inside our lungs and trigger respiratory
and cardiac problems as well as lung cancer,"
Pollution in Delhi: Facts and figures
According to the Ambient Air Pollution (AAP) report for the year 2015, Delhi had PM 2.5
pollution levels, which is the highest in the world, followed by Beijing. This result was
based on the monitoring of PM measurement of outdoor air pollution from almost 1,600
cities in 91 countries. The highest concentration of PM 2.5 form of air pollution is
supposed to be a very serious matter and can lead to respiratory diseases and other
health problems like lung cancer.
Based on the measured ambient concentrations, corresponding standards and likely
health impact, a sub-index is calculated for each of these pollutants. The worst sub-
index reflects overall AQI. Associated likely health impacts for different AQI categories
and pollutants have been also been suggested, with primary inputs from the medical
expert members of the group. The AQI values and corresponding ambient
concentrations (health breakpoints) as well as associated likely health impacts for the
identified eight pollutants are as follows:
5.
6. According to the WHO, air pollution is the fifth largest killer in India.
Carbon monoxide (CO), a dangerous gas emission, is around 6,000 microgram per cubic
metre in Delhi, which is much above the safe level of 2,000 microgram per cubic metre.
The level of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has also been increasing. According to the Ministry
of Earth Sciences, Delhi’s air quality index (AQI) is 121, which is described as “poor.”
The AQI is an index for reporting daily air quality, about how clean or polluted the air is.
Government’s steps to control pollution in Delhi
There are mobile enforcement teams deployed at various locations for monitoring
polluting vehicles and vehicles not having PUC certificates. A Mass Rapid Transport
System (MRTS) is being constructed with the aim of providing a non-polluting, useful
and affordable rail-based mass rapid transit system for Delhi, integrated with other
modes of transport.
With a view to reducing vehicular pollution, there has been a ban imposed on the plying
of more than 15 years old commercial/transport vehicles, taxis and autos that run on
conventional fuels, including diesel driven city buses. There has also been tightening of
mass emission standards for new vehicles. The quality of the fuel being supplied in
Delhi has been significantly improved over the years by the ban of selling leaded petrol,
introduction of low sulphur diesel, reduction of sulphur and benzene content in petrol
There has been regular placement of dustbins, purchase of additional front-end loaders,
mechanical sweepers, dumper placers, tipper trucks, to collect and dispose of garbage.
Steps are taken to transform garbage into compost by developing new sanitary land-fill
sites. The Delhi Government has constituted a committee to implement the Bio-Medical
Waste (management and handling) Rules; 1998.The Delhi Degradable Plastic Bag
7. (Manufacture, Sale and Usage) and Garbage (Control) Act 2000 has been enacted for
banning the manufacture and use of plastic bags, etc.
How can citizens of Delhi help in reducing pollution?
Pollution in Delhi is a perpetual problem which needs to be looked upon as a serious
issue not only by the Government but also by the citizens of the city. One of the easiest
ways is that there should be an efficient involvement of Resident Welfare Associations
in various localities in collection, segregation of garbage from houses and the societies.
Citizens can take steps to covert the garbage into compost in their localities. More and
more trees must be planted in every locality. Every individual should keep a proper
check on the pollution level of their vehicles. Making more use of CNG.One of the best
ways to control pollution is to manage wastes of all types in a proper manner. Each and
every citizen should abide by the 3Rs: Recycle, Reuse, Reduce. More and more people
should use bus and metro instead of cars and scooters, as they can carry a lot more
people in one journey. Car pool is also a good option. Controlling the use of energy and
making use of electricity in an efficient manner. One can also reduce water pollution by
reducing the use of chemicals, cleaning agents, pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers etc.
It is the duty of every citizen to think in a broader perspective to control pollution. We
really don’t want our future generations to live in an unhealthy environment in Delhi.
We really don’t want our children or our elders to get into incessant coughing due to
pollution. Like we say charity begins at home, I take a pledge to do what I can for my
environment and protect it to the best I can. If each one of us takes a pledge to do our bit
for our environment, I am sure Delhi will be a better place to live in. Even a small step
counts.
LATEST STEPS TAKEN BY GOVERNMENT
Government officials said it was also decided to crowd-source complaints relating to
visibly polluting vehicles and burning of bio-mass, garbage, leaves, etc. using
Information Technology. The Urban Development Department will modify its recently
launched Swachh Bharat mobile app so that complaints can be received from the public
and forwarded for action. “It is believed that a lot of pollution comes from dust. The
PWD will make arrangements for vacuum-cleaning of roads. They need to procure
equipment and identify agencies. The Chief Minister has given instructions to the PWD
that will start vacuum-cleaning of roads from April 1, 2016 since it will take time to
finalise the contract.” In addition, it will also undertake a “massive greening project” on
kutcha roads in the next three to four weeks. MCD parking spaces on PWD roads of
Delhi “creating chaos on roads will be closed down” and the PWD department, to take
effective steps to implement these decisions at the earliest.
Supreme Court takes steps to check air quality on its premises clearing the air is what
the Supreme Court usually does. The top court is doing it again, literally this time.
8. Pollution Checking by Transport Department:
More than 15 years’ old commercial/ transport vehicles. Autos & Taxis driven on
conventional fuels. Diesel driven city buses. Transport Department is ensuring the
effective compliance of these directions through its enforcement teams. The Govt. of
Delhi has provided fiscal incentives by way of sales tax exemption and interest subsidy
On loans for purchase of new replacement vehicles.
Tightening of mass emission standards for new vehicles:
Mass emission norms for new vehicles were introduced in the year 1991. Subsequently,
these norms have been tightened for new vehicles in all categories in 1996 and 2000. At
present, only vehicles (except 2 and 3 wheelers) complying with Bharat Stage III/Euro-
III emission norms and 2 and 3 wheelers complying with Bharat Stage II/Euro-II
emission norms are being registered in the Delhi. Improvement in Fuel Quality: The
quality of the fuel being supplied in Delhi has been significantly improved during recent
years by way of
1. Leaded petrol has been completely phased out.
2. Introduction of Low Sulphur diesel w.e.f. August 1997 reducing Sulphur content
from 0.8% gm/litre to 0.25% gm/litre. The Sulphur content of diesel supplied to
NCT Delhi has been further reduced to 0.035% w.e.f.2010.
3. The quality of petrol being supplied to Delhi has been improved further by
reduction of Sulphur content to 0.015% & Benzene Content to 1%
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Government of India has tightened the
emission level of CO and introduced the measurement of HC emissions in petrol
vehicles. In respect of Diesel vehicles, Oil temperature & RPM measurement has been
included in the test procedure. In compliance with the Gazette notification all
the pollution checking Centres have been directed to get their equipment
upgraded/modified/replaced with the new 4-gas analyser and wherever they have
failed to do so their authorisation has been cancelled.
Plan your trips. Save gasoline and reduce air pollution.
Keep tires properly inflated and aligned. In the summertime, fill gas tank during cooler
evening hours to cut down on evaporation. Avoid spilling gas and don’t “top off” the
tank. Replace gas tank cap tightly. Avoid waiting in long drive-thru lines, for example, at
fast-food restaurants or banks. Park your car and go in. When possible, use public
transportation, walk, or ride a bike. Get regular engine tune ups and car maintenance
checks (especially for the spark plugs).Use an energy-conserving (EC) grade motor oil.
Ask your employer to consider flexible work schedules or telecommuting.
Report smoking vehicles to your local air agency. Join a carpool or vanpool to get to
work for Your Health. Check daily air quality forecasts, which tell how clean or polluted
your air is, and the associated health concerns. Visit www.airnow.gov.Remove indoor
asthma triggers from your home and avoid outdoor triggers in order to effectively
control your asthma. Visit www.epa.gov/asthma to learn more about asthma triggers
and ways to avoid them. Minimize your sun exposure. Wear sun block and UV
protection sunglasses.
9. LATEST STEP TAKEN TO CONTROL VEHICLE.
Delhi government’s formula to check pollution level: Odd, even number vehicles on
alternate days from Jan 01, 2016. The biggest of the proposed measures is that vehicles
with odd and even registration numbers will be allowed on alternate days from January
01, 2016.
While exact details are awaited, it may mean that if your car's number is 4614, you may
be allowed to take it out for a drive only on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday every
week.
CONCLUSION
The prime Minister of India Started Swatch Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) is the
very important programme and progress is continued. Burning of crop stubble has
tremendous impact on environment. The farmer has advised to switch to alternate
method to crop stubble. Climate changed and global warming is issue of concern for the
whole world.Let us all work together and contribute towards energy conservation.
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