the presentation is all about Delhi air pollution
it include:
1. history of pollution
2. causes
3. some of the numerical example to show pollution situation initiative taken by the government to control the measures
Quality air is a scarce resource and Delhi has the worst air quality as per WHO study. Magneto Environmental Grouppe gives some respite by improving indoor air quality through its latest air purification technology.
A study on Delhi Air pollution and its sources ie Paddy burning, vehicular pollution and dust. what are the main culprits behind terrible Delhi Air and how to Fix Delhi Air pollution issue.
Study is done by GoMassive team and used publicly available data to analyse and understand core issues behind Delhi Air pollution.
the presentation is all about Delhi air pollution
it include:
1. history of pollution
2. causes
3. some of the numerical example to show pollution situation initiative taken by the government to control the measures
Quality air is a scarce resource and Delhi has the worst air quality as per WHO study. Magneto Environmental Grouppe gives some respite by improving indoor air quality through its latest air purification technology.
A study on Delhi Air pollution and its sources ie Paddy burning, vehicular pollution and dust. what are the main culprits behind terrible Delhi Air and how to Fix Delhi Air pollution issue.
Study is done by GoMassive team and used publicly available data to analyse and understand core issues behind Delhi Air pollution.
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
Delhi is in danger of losing the gains of its CNG programme as pollution levels are once again creeping up to pre-2000 level. A latest analysis of recent air quality data in Delhi carried out by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) finds that pollution levels are on the upswing again after a few years of control. Last winter, for the first time, pollution levels increased and this year pollution levels are already almost as high as what was in the city in pre-CNG days.
Says Sunita Narain, director, CSE: “We will have to take tough measures to control growing air pollution and fast. Otherwise, Delhi will find itself in the choked and toxic haze of the pre-CNG days, when diesel-driven buses and autos had made it one of the most polluted cities on earth.”
Air Pollution: A New Approach on Global WarmingIJLT EMAS
In a move to curb pollution from the coal- based
power sector. The Union Ministry of Environment ,Forest and
Climate change(MOEF&CC) had announced new emission
limits for power stations ,both existing and upcoming. The
enhanced pace of developmental activities after industrial
revolution i.e. 18th century and rapid urbanization have resulted
in stress on natural resources and quality of life. Pollution is now
a common place term that our ears are attuned to. We hear
about the various forms of pollution and read about it through
the mass media. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the
contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A
physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the
atmosphere can be termed as pollution. Thus air pollutants are
substances emitted into the air from an anthropogenic, biogenic,
or geogenic source, that is either not part of natural atmosphere
or is present in higher concentrations than the natural
atmosphere, and may cause a short term or long term adverse
effect. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into
the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and
humans to survive as the air becomes dirty. A WHO report
released in May 2014 showed that most of Indian cities are death
traps due to very high air pollution levels. The urban air quality
database of WHO, covering 1600 cities across 91 countries
showed that Indian cities are among those with highest levels of
(Particulate Matter) PM 10 and PM 2.5 and less. Black carbon is
also a kind of particulate matter, responsible for global warming.
Air pollution and climate change, DelhiSachin Kumar
Relationship between the Air pollution and Climate change and what are various policies adopted by the GoI and Delhi government to tackle the improve the air quality or mitigate the air pollution in our Capital.
Delhi is in danger of losing the gains of its CNG programme as pollution levels are once again creeping up to pre-2000 level. A latest analysis of recent air quality data in Delhi carried out by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) finds that pollution levels are on the upswing again after a few years of control. Last winter, for the first time, pollution levels increased and this year pollution levels are already almost as high as what was in the city in pre-CNG days.
Says Sunita Narain, director, CSE: “We will have to take tough measures to control growing air pollution and fast. Otherwise, Delhi will find itself in the choked and toxic haze of the pre-CNG days, when diesel-driven buses and autos had made it one of the most polluted cities on earth.”
Air Pollution: A New Approach on Global WarmingIJLT EMAS
In a move to curb pollution from the coal- based
power sector. The Union Ministry of Environment ,Forest and
Climate change(MOEF&CC) had announced new emission
limits for power stations ,both existing and upcoming. The
enhanced pace of developmental activities after industrial
revolution i.e. 18th century and rapid urbanization have resulted
in stress on natural resources and quality of life. Pollution is now
a common place term that our ears are attuned to. We hear
about the various forms of pollution and read about it through
the mass media. Air pollution is one such form that refers to the
contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A
physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the
atmosphere can be termed as pollution. Thus air pollutants are
substances emitted into the air from an anthropogenic, biogenic,
or geogenic source, that is either not part of natural atmosphere
or is present in higher concentrations than the natural
atmosphere, and may cause a short term or long term adverse
effect. It occurs when any harmful gases, dust, smoke enters into
the atmosphere and makes it difficult for plants, animals and
humans to survive as the air becomes dirty. A WHO report
released in May 2014 showed that most of Indian cities are death
traps due to very high air pollution levels. The urban air quality
database of WHO, covering 1600 cities across 91 countries
showed that Indian cities are among those with highest levels of
(Particulate Matter) PM 10 and PM 2.5 and less. Black carbon is
also a kind of particulate matter, responsible for global warming.
The city of Delhi has some of the very worst air pollution in the wo.pdffashiongallery1
Suppose the language of the plain text message is not English. Enumerate steps that you would
follow in decrypting the message.
Solution
If the language of the plain text message is not English, I would follow very basic steps while
decrypting the message. I would copy the entire plain text message and put it into the google
translate, which will convert it in English, which I would be able to read very easily..
Air pollution in Delhi is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects the city in unique ways. While it is true that the city experiences high levels of pollution due to factors such as vehicular emissions, industrial activities, and agricultural burning, the geography and climate of the region also contribute to the severity of the problem. Delhi is located in a bowl-shaped valley surrounded by hills, which traps pollutants and prevents them from dispersing easily. Additionally, the city experiences a phenomenon known as temperature inversion during the winter months, where the colder air at ground level is trapped by a layer of warmer air above, further exacerbating the pollution problem. These factors, coupled with the high population density and urbanization of the region, make air pollution in Delhi a unique and pressing environmental and public health challenge.
AIr quality and urban mobility challenges, Chandigarh Cse Web
City dialogue on Clean air and sustainable mobility, a half day workshop conducted in Chandigarh in partnership with Chandigarh Administration on 24th May 2013. The presentation shows the CSE findings and citizen perception survey.
Latest steps taken to control air pollution Prem Baboo
There has been a "seven-fold increase" in Delhi's air pollution level since October 2015,
a Center for Science and Environment (CSE) expert said today even as real-time
exposure readings of nearly all monitoring stations put PM 2.5 and PM 10 figures above
the 'severe' threshold. Growing population of the city.
Are you suffering from asthma disease and allergies that are triggered by your pet? Are you looking for best solution for indoor air pollution? Don’t worry about, because there is one of the best air purifier available in market that is Klairon Air Purifier. Klairon's Air Purifier & Sterilizer work to eliminate these airborne germs and unpleasant odour with this incredible oxidation capacity.
Here the Best Feature of Air Purifier:-
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3- Remote Control Air Purifier for the Home with Negative Ion Generator
4- Remove Smoke and Dust
5- Dispel Odors
6- Active Oxygen Purifier
7- High Concentration Of Negative- Ion
8- 12 Stages Filtration
9- Decompose Formaldehyde
10- UV Sterilizer
11- No Second Pollution
Know More Details About Air Purifier:- http://www.klairon.com
PRESENTATION ON AIR POLLUTION-ISSUES & ITS CONTROL
It also explains comparative study of quality of air of India, Finland and Myanmar and how can it be controlled by growing some air purifier plants.
During the most difficult time for humans the solution of one of the most difficult problems has been found i.e. Air Pollution. Air pollution dropped by 79% during lockdown in Delhi. From many years government and other institution has been trying to figure out the solution to this problem.
Future Watch summary: Future growth opportunities in global biobanks marketTeam Finland Future Watch
This Future Watch report compares the current status of forerunning biobanks in Finland, Denmark, Sweden, UK and USA, analyze the needs and views of key biobank customer segments as well as offer key recommendations for Finnish biobank to gain a larger footprint in the biobank market.
ASEAN is increasingly becoming a vital economic force in Asia and a driver of global growth with a young, abundant workforce. Simultaneously, the region is witnessing significant productivity improvement in sectors such as manufacturing, retail, telecommunications and transportation.
The presentation is a summary presentation from a study Situational Awareness Solutions which collects together use cases for situational awareness capabilities and prioritizes these in context of user perception and readiness, availability and accessibility of technology, ease and likelihood of adoption, as well as regulations and competing substitutes. Finally it analyzes the relevance of assessed use cases to United States, Germany and Japan. The application areas discussed cover, amongst other, ecology and environment, disaster management, logistics and transport as well as critical infrastructure management.
Recent technology developments in the information technology space have opened new horizons for the maritime industry. "Digital ports" refers to application of digital technologies of digital technologies such as machine learning, data analytics, visualization, cloud and advanced wireless communications technology to the Port Ecosystem that are driving innovations and enabling business efficiency.
A recent Future Watch study on consumer trends in South Korea explores and analyzes key consumer trends that are shaping South Korean society and how these trends are likely to evolve over the next three to five years. The study is echoing future consumer trends not only in Asia but also in Europe. It is now clear that mobile and online shopping will become the main retail channel, and technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI) and big data are changing the retail landscape.
Healthcare as an industry is transforming. The concept of wellbeing is increasing in importance. Living environments are evolving, including smart homes, assisted living and robotics. Technologies and innovations are having major impacts to individual’s life. Individuals are taking more control and recognizing also their responsibility.
Business Finland and Future Watch commissioned a study on the landscape of developments that will impact the delivery of Health & Wellbeing, to better understand the anticipated transformations, impacts and opportunities to support its strategy for ensuring Finland is well positioned to take advantage of such trends and to help drive better decision making for all stakeholders in Finland. Results of the study are published and discussed with stakeholders and companies in Business Finland’s Smart Life Finland program webinars.
The Hong Kong government supports smart city operations and smart lamp post related actions. Smart lamp posts together with 5G can encompass various industries and thus can offer opportunities also for Finnish companies. Hong Kong aims to become a “world class smart city”. In ”Hong Kong Smart City Blueprint” smart lamp posts are mentioned as one action point and 50 smart lamp posts should be in use by the summer of 2019. The figure is set to rise to 400, and during 2019, a tender will likely be opened for the remaining 350 smart lamp posts. Smart lamp posts can serve several different functions and these are currently experimented in Science Park and the Smart City Pilot Area.
Japan is the second-largest retail market globally. For decades Japanese consumer’s preferences and cultural trends have been influential trend setting phenomenona. To understand how global consumer trends are transforming, it is important to look Japanese consumers behavior and attitudes towards consuming. Today we see behavior shifting. The change of Japanese consumers is not only about what people in Tokyo buy, but also how and what they think when they make decisions for purchases.
Future Watch report and analysis of consumer trends and lifestyles in Japan was done in collaboration with Euromonitor International’s Tokyo office researchers.
A new policy on energy transition was commenced in Taiwan to phase out nuclear power and to introduce substantial power generation capacity from renewable sources by 2025. This transition of energy source and structure represents not only great challenges for Taiwan but also immense business opportunities for industrial developed countries.
A recent Future Watch study identifies and describes future consumer trends in Mainland China and Hong Kong over the next 2-10 years. These trends are likely to impact the products and services these consumers buy and the marketing they respond to. It aims to identify significant trends that are specific to China’s unique market.
Central to the forecasting is identifying 12 consumer roles that represent key China trends. Each role has an accompanying case study which explains how brands are starting /planning to tap into these nascent trends.
Both India's Space and Cyber Defence areas contain gaps to keep up with global development. India’s space defence program is guided by policies to counter the capabilities of China and Pakistan. While India has made long strides with cost effective mission to Mars and a successfully launching record number of satellites, there are several gaps in its space defence. While in the space communication arena, at present, India has extremely limited space-based COMINT (Communications Intelligence) capabilities. Cyber security of satellite communications is another arena for potential collaboration between countries. Also, to achieve complete control of satellite communications & intelligence C4ISR, India needs to have a constellation of satellites in the space with extreme communication technology at disposal. In the Space Situational Awareness area India needs radar-independent tracking methods such as lasers, coherent infrared sensors and space systems with a sole purpose of tracking the functional capabilities of suspected/rogue satellites with military connect.
In cyber-security area, according to Gartner, cyber-security in India is growing to be a $1.5 bn market by 2019 & forecasted to grow over 19% during 2018-2023. Average spend on cyber security is currently at ~3% compared to a global average of 10-15% of the IT budget. India would need a trained pool of million professionals in cyber-security by 2025.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...
Air quality and health effects in delhi, Team Finland Future Watch White Paper
1. Study on Air Quality and Urban Health in Delhi - Team Finland Future Watch
White Paper, Aug 2013
Outdoor air pollution has become the fifth largest killer in India after high blood pressure, indoor air pollution,
tobacco smoking and poor nutrition, according to a Global Burden of Disease (GBD) report.
Status of Ambient Air Quality in Delhi
In Delhi the biggest health hazards, including cancer, are thought to come from particulate matters, the tiny
particles of dust and exhaust residues that turn the sky in winter from blue to hazy yellow.
Gasoline based technology (MPFI) in India is up-to-date with global standards but the diesel based technology
(CRDI) is still to catch up. There is pressure from the refinery lobby not to go for better quality fuel.
Levels of nitrogen oxide almost doubled from 2001 to 2010, from 29 micrograms to 55, on average. A measure
of particulate matter PM10 has also more than doubled, from 120 to 261, way above the prescribed limit of 60.
The pollution is lower in summer,
and during the monsoon. In the
DELHI
winter, by contrast, truly terrifying
levels lift the annual average. On
• Landlocked city with 1434sq.Km. Area
November 5th 2012, for example,
• Population approx. 16.7 million (2011 census)
the PM10 level was at 749, more
23 million (2021)
than twelve times over the healthy
limit. And for more dangerous
• 21% of city is road
PM2.5, the official Delhi site
• 10% of country’s vehicular population and 17%
reported a level of 489 on the
of country’s cars are in Delhi (6 million vehicles)
same date, which was again over
• 200 metro trains carry 2.1 million people daily.
12 times the safe limit. (Source:
The Economist, Nov 2012).
During peak 8 hours, 1.5 million passengers
Anumita Roy Chaudhury,
travel by metro.
Executive Director of Centre for
• Extreme climate 2-46 C
Science & Environment is of the
• Rains only in monsoon or scanty winter rains.
opinion that the annual average
level of pollutants is not the true
(Average Rainfall 617 mm)
measure of health risks to the
• 46 types of vehicle move on same road space
population, which is far greater
• 798339 million tons of petrol and 946228
due to vehicular traffic in their
breathing zone (those living 500
million tons of diesel used in 2009/10
meter from roadside). According
to her, it is exposure monitoring
that should be introduced; the science of ambient air monitoring is still very weak in India.
What causes such high levels of pollution in Delhi?
Delhi’s environment is very fragile and manmade activities inside the city and around it have serious
consequence on the population. Vehicular exhaust is the main cause, contributing 70% to the air pollution,
followed by industrial and domestic sources, contributing 20% and 10%, respectively.
Finpro India, Dharmesh Sharan
2. Study on Air Quality and Urban Health in Delhi - Team Finland Future Watch
White Paper, Aug 2013
Vehicular boom in Delhi: 1 out of 5 households in Delhi own a car, and the number of vehicles in the city is
more than that of Mumbai, Kolkata and Bangalore put together. There has been 50.61% increase in vehicular
traffic in Delhi in the last decade whereas road length has increased by 10.42% only. As per records, 7.438
million vehicles are registered in Delhi (31 March, 2011) which is estimated to be 12 million by 2020. In 2012
alone 0.16 million cars were registered in Delhi. 1400 new registered vehicles appear to roads every day and
1.2 million vehicles enter Delhi from NCR (National Capital Region) towns every day.
Industrial activities around Delhi add to the fugitive emissions’ presence. Delhi being landlocked is exposed to
intrusive winds carrying these particulates. Main fugitive emission sources after vehicle movement being (a)
Crushing – fine dust generated, gets air borne (stone, coal, iron ore), (b) Free fall – from crusher to belt
conveyor - from one belt to other belt - dust gets air borne, (c) Screening – dust gets loose and get air borne
(dal and, rice mills, stone crushers), (d) Bulk material handling (e) Storage piles (clinker, limestone, coal, gravel,
dust) (f) Loading / unloading of stones (g) Scrap melting operations (Induction Furnaces – steel, lead, brass,
zinc), (h) Open area wind erosion – wind blows away dust.
Delhi is one of the biggest real estate markets of India. There are eg over 1,000 brick kilns in the vicinity of
Delhi, serving its construction boom and they bake bricks by burning coal, wood and other organic smoky
materials which are released in the atmosphere. Agricultural practices such as burning of crop stubble in
Punjab, U.P. Haryana (the neighboring states) Industrial activities around Delhi release particulates in the air.
Winds carry dust, particulates, humidity into the city from outside the city limits. Open burning of leaves (or
fire crackers during Diwali festival), inversion of temperature during winter, etc leave the air dangerously
polluted and this effects urban health. This is further exacerbated due to lack of free circulation of air, which
gets trapped between manmade structures like buildings.
Health Hazards
Particulate Matters: Automotive exhaust is the main source of particulate matters PM 10 and PM 2.5.
Particulate Matter PM10 is the pollutant which gave bad repute to Delhi as one of the most polluted cities in
the world. Now the increasing concentration of PM 2.5 is another matter of concern. It is PM 2.5 which is of
greater concern. India follows Euro IV norms for vehicles and fuels in 13 big cities while rest of the country is
following Euro III or Euro II standards. What is needed is Euro VI to screen PM 2.5 from vehicular exhaust.
Hydrocarbons, Nox and Ozone (O3): VOC (volatile organic compound) released from automobile exhaust in the
presence of sunlight forms ozone in the air. It is next most hazardous after particulates; children growing in
areas with higher Ozone level will grow up with smaller lungs says a study by Delhi’s Vallabhai Patel Chest
Institute.
The practice of burning post-harvest plant stubble in the agricultural fields of Punjab has received international
attention with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) releasing a satellite image that
resembles those taken during forest fires. The image shows large number of fires over millions of hectares of
agriculture fields of Punjab. Punjab, the grain bowl of India, grows wheat and rice and produces around twothird of India's food. The smoke and dust from the fires carried by winds reach Delhi. At present, the only
practical alternative to burning of paddy straw is the biomass plants installed by the Punjab Energy
Development Authority (PEDA) four to five years ago.
Finpro India, Dharmesh Sharan
3. Study on Air Quality and Urban Health in Delhi - Team Finland Future Watch
White Paper, Aug 2013
Air Pollution effects on Health studied by Prof SK Chhabra, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute of Delhi links air
pollution to Excessive cardiorespiratory mortality, Increase Hospitalizations and increase in Emergency room
visits, Asthma exacerbations and Increased respiratory illness, Impaired lung function and Altered host
defenses. Long-term exposure to ozone (released when vehicular exhaust is exposed to sunlight) may be
associated with lung cancer and poorer lung growth with long term implication (physical performance, health
status, all-cause mortality)
Air Pollution Mitigation efforts by local government:
Generation I reforms:
By late 1990s polluting industries were shifted outside the city limits of Delhi.
On Supreme Court’s intervention, a statutory advisory body was setup in Jan 1998, to advise the court
on what measures should be taken to improve the air pollution situation in Delhi. This had
representation of CSE (Centre for Science and Environment) as civil society member. On the
recommendations of the advice body all public transport in Delhi moved to CNG (Compressed Natural
Gas) by December 2002.
Euro II norms were introduced in 2000 with a cap age on commercial vehicles fixed at 15 years.
Generation II reforms: the ongoing reforms can be described as 2nd generation reforms; this involves advocacy,
engaging, capacity building, sensitizing, informing about new innovations.
Step I: Parking pricing to encourage use of public transport. Privatization of bus service – introducing
better quality bus service.
Step II: Advocacy and sensitizing public on air quality and health aspects.
Step III: Involving medical professionals, industry, media and others and organizing seminars on health
risks of air pollution.
Air Quality Index for Delhi being designed.
As a result of these efforts, the II Generation Action Plan has been sent for cabinet clearance in 2013
Future:
There are immense possibilities for collaborative efforts in research and innovation, introducing better
technology inputs and practices.
Finpro India, Dharmesh Sharan