African Slave Trade
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The document summarizes the Atlantic slave trade that took place between 1450 and 1865. It discusses the different phases of the slave trade including the capture of Africans in their homelands, transporting them on the brutal Middle Passage across the Atlantic Ocean, and seasoning them through forced labor in the Caribbean. It notes that 30 million Africans were taken from their homes, with 10 million dying during the capture phase and another 10 million dying during the Middle Passage. The document also examines the triangular trade route between Africa, the Caribbean and North America, and the growth of the slave population in the Americas to over 4 million by 1860 due to demand for labor and inventions like the cotton gin.
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Atlantic Slave Trade - the Triangular Trade
The triangular trade involved three stages: 1) European traders brought goods to Africa and traded for slaves. 2) Slaves were then transported to the Americas through the grueling Middle Passage. 3) Goods produced by slaves in the Americas, such as sugar, cotton, and tobacco, were brought back to Europe for sale, completing the triangle.
The atlantic slave trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade saw millions of Africans enslaved and brought to the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries to work on sugar and tobacco plantations. A triangular trade route developed between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, with Europeans exchanging manufactured goods for slaves in Africa, who were then transported in inhumane conditions on the brutal Middle Passage to the Americas to be sold into forced labor. By the late 18th century, the inhumanity of the slave trade led many countries like Britain and the U.S. to ban the practice, though slavery itself continued in the Americas for some time longer.
Atlantic slave trade
The document discusses the origins and impacts of the Atlantic slave trade. It began with African kingdoms practicing slavery for centuries before Europeans greatly increased demand. Slaves were transported in horrific conditions on ships to the Americas to work plantations growing cash crops like sugar. An estimated 11 million Africans were enslaved, with millions dying during the Middle Passage. The slave trade profoundly disrupted African societies and economies while fueling plantation economies in the Americas through centuries of slave labor.
Atlantic slave trade
The document summarizes the history of slavery in Africa and the Atlantic slave trade. It describes how slavery existed in Africa prior to European contact, with slaves typically being war captives with no rights. The slave trade expanded dramatically with the arrival of Europeans due to demand for slaves in the Americas. Slaves were captured through raids and wars, transported in inhumane conditions where many died, and then sold at auctions and used as labor on plantations. Over 12 million Africans were ultimately transported through this system, devastating Africa's population and economy.
Atlantic Slave Trade - the middle passage
Slaves endured cramped, unsanitary conditions during the Middle Passage where they were transported from Africa to the Americas. They were kept chained below deck and suffered from disease, poor nutrition, and physical abuse. Slave revolts sometimes occurred but were difficult to carry out successfully due to the slaves' lack of knowledge of how to navigate the ship. Punishments for revolts were severe, including whipping, torture, and even being thrown overboard to the sharks.
Haitian Revolution
- The Haitian Revolution began in 1791 as a slave rebellion against French colonial rule led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. It proved highly successful, overthrowing the brutal slave system and establishing the first black republic in 1804.
- However, Haiti's victory came at great cost after years of war. The country was left with a devastated agriculture system, no formal economy or education, and deep instability that allowed dictatorial rule.
- While Haiti achieved the remarkable feat of being the first free black nation in the Americas, independence did not solve the challenges of development under such dire conditions from the revolution.
Atlantic Slave Trade - slave factories
Slave factories were located along the coast of Africa and served as prisons where captured Africans were held until being transported overseas. Gangs would kidnap or capture Africans through debt or war and force them to make long difficult journeys in chains to the factories. Conditions in the factories were poor, with disease and violence common. Africans were sometimes held for months until being selected for transport on slave ships to the Americas, where they faced an uncertain future across the Atlantic.
Transatlantic slave trade
The document summarizes the triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that was central to the Atlantic slave trade. The Henrietta Marie, a slave ship from London, is used to illustrate a typical slave trading voyage. It would carry manufactured goods to Africa to trade for enslaved Africans, transporting them in horrific conditions to the Caribbean on the Middle Passage. There, the slaves were sold and the ship loaded with sugar and other goods to bring back profits to Europe, completing the triangle. The slave trade resulted in the forced migration and deaths of millions of Africans for European economic gain.
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The triangular trade involved three stages: 1) European traders brought goods to Africa and traded for slaves. 2) Slaves were then transported to the Americas through the grueling Middle Passage. 3) Goods produced by slaves in the Americas, such as sugar, cotton, and tobacco, were brought back to Europe for sale, completing the triangle.
The atlantic slave trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade saw millions of Africans enslaved and brought to the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries to work on sugar and tobacco plantations. A triangular trade route developed between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, with Europeans exchanging manufactured goods for slaves in Africa, who were then transported in inhumane conditions on the brutal Middle Passage to the Americas to be sold into forced labor. By the late 18th century, the inhumanity of the slave trade led many countries like Britain and the U.S. to ban the practice, though slavery itself continued in the Americas for some time longer.
Atlantic slave trade
The document discusses the origins and impacts of the Atlantic slave trade. It began with African kingdoms practicing slavery for centuries before Europeans greatly increased demand. Slaves were transported in horrific conditions on ships to the Americas to work plantations growing cash crops like sugar. An estimated 11 million Africans were enslaved, with millions dying during the Middle Passage. The slave trade profoundly disrupted African societies and economies while fueling plantation economies in the Americas through centuries of slave labor.
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The document summarizes the history of slavery in Africa and the Atlantic slave trade. It describes how slavery existed in Africa prior to European contact, with slaves typically being war captives with no rights. The slave trade expanded dramatically with the arrival of Europeans due to demand for slaves in the Americas. Slaves were captured through raids and wars, transported in inhumane conditions where many died, and then sold at auctions and used as labor on plantations. Over 12 million Africans were ultimately transported through this system, devastating Africa's population and economy.
Atlantic Slave Trade - the middle passage
Slaves endured cramped, unsanitary conditions during the Middle Passage where they were transported from Africa to the Americas. They were kept chained below deck and suffered from disease, poor nutrition, and physical abuse. Slave revolts sometimes occurred but were difficult to carry out successfully due to the slaves' lack of knowledge of how to navigate the ship. Punishments for revolts were severe, including whipping, torture, and even being thrown overboard to the sharks.
Haitian Revolution
- The Haitian Revolution began in 1791 as a slave rebellion against French colonial rule led by Toussaint L'Ouverture. It proved highly successful, overthrowing the brutal slave system and establishing the first black republic in 1804.
- However, Haiti's victory came at great cost after years of war. The country was left with a devastated agriculture system, no formal economy or education, and deep instability that allowed dictatorial rule.
- While Haiti achieved the remarkable feat of being the first free black nation in the Americas, independence did not solve the challenges of development under such dire conditions from the revolution.
Atlantic Slave Trade - slave factories
Slave factories were located along the coast of Africa and served as prisons where captured Africans were held until being transported overseas. Gangs would kidnap or capture Africans through debt or war and force them to make long difficult journeys in chains to the factories. Conditions in the factories were poor, with disease and violence common. Africans were sometimes held for months until being selected for transport on slave ships to the Americas, where they faced an uncertain future across the Atlantic.
Transatlantic slave trade
The document summarizes the triangular trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas that was central to the Atlantic slave trade. The Henrietta Marie, a slave ship from London, is used to illustrate a typical slave trading voyage. It would carry manufactured goods to Africa to trade for enslaved Africans, transporting them in horrific conditions to the Caribbean on the Middle Passage. There, the slaves were sold and the ship loaded with sugar and other goods to bring back profits to Europe, completing the triangle. The slave trade resulted in the forced migration and deaths of millions of Africans for European economic gain.
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The document summarizes the Atlantic slave trade, which involved the transport of enslaved Africans by European powers to the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries. Millions of Africans were captured from their homes and shipped across the Atlantic to work on plantations, mines, and other facilities in the Americas. The slave trade developed a triangular route, with European goods traded for African slaves, who were then transported to the Americas to be sold, with American goods then brought back to Europe. The journey, known as the Middle Passage, was horrific, with captives packed tightly into ship holds where many died from disease and poor treatment. The slave trade had devastating impacts on African societies and cultures but contributed greatly to the
Transatlantic slave trade
1) The transatlantic slave trade transported 10-20 million Africans to the Americas over 300 years, mostly to Brazil, the Caribbean, and Spanish colonies. Less than 5% went to North America.
2) Enslaved Africans were subjected to brutal conditions during capture, the Middle Passage voyage, and on plantations where they produced crops like cotton, sugar, and tobacco.
3) The slave trade had devastating impacts on Africa's population and development while fueling economic growth in Europe through plantation agriculture.
Early British Colonies U.S. History
The early British colonies were established for economic reasons, with the first being Jamestown in 1607. Tobacco became a profitable crop in Virginia while indentured servitude provided labor. Self-governance emerged through entities like the Virginia House of Burgesses and Mayflower Compact. Puritans founded colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to escape religious persecution in England. The 13 original colonies developed diverse economies while remaining tied to England through the Navigation Acts; however, they gained a growing spirit of self-determination.
atlantic slave trade - slave resistance
Slaves resisted their owners in various ways, both violently and non-violently. Non-violent resistance included working slowly, pretending to be ill, and escaping, sometimes with the help of the Underground Railroad network. Violent resistance involved damaging owner's property, hurting or killing farm animals, and in rare cases, attacking or killing owners. Famous slave rebellions, like Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the 1861 Baptist War in Jamaica, showed that some slaves were willing to take up arms against their oppressors.
Atlantic Slave Trade - why did slavery start
Slavery started because there was increasing demand for sugar but not enough workers to produce it. Africans were taken as slaves to grow sugar in the Americas as they were more resistant to European diseases than native tribes. This forced transportation of slaves from Africa to the Americas to support the sugar industry became known as the Triangular Trade due to the three stages of the journey: goods to Africa, slaves to Americas, produced goods from Americas to Europe.
Slave Rebellions
The document summarizes slave resistance to the institution of slavery in the United States from 1800 to the Civil War. It describes various slave rebellions and uprisings led by Denmark Vessey, Gabriel Prosser, Nat Turner, and John Brown. It also discusses the Underground Railroad and the role of Harriet Tubman in helping slaves escape. The document also profiles prominent abolitionists and activists including David Walker, Maria Stewart, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner Truth who resisted slavery through pamphlets, speeches, and moral persuasion.
Triangular trade
The document summarizes the triangular trade route that developed between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the 16th-18th centuries. It explains that as disease killed many Native Americans, colonists relied increasingly on African slaves to work plantations producing goods like sugar. The Portuguese first established large sugar plantations in Brazil using slave labor. This led to the growth of the transatlantic slave trade, with slaves transported from Africa to the Americas to work on plantations cultivating crops like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which were then shipped back to Europe, enriching those involved and establishing the triangular trade route.
Atlantic Slave Trade - effects on africa
The slave trade had numerous negative impacts on Africa that still affect the continent today. It significantly reduced Africa's population by taking millions of young, strong workers, leaving fewer people to farm and support themselves. This caused problems like poverty and worse health as resources became scarcer. However, some African kings did benefit financially from capturing and selling other Africans as slaves.
European expansion
European powers expanded their global influence between 1450-1750 due to a desire for trade, resources, and spreading Christianity. Portugal pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa in search of routes to Asia following Marco Polo's accounts of the East. Christopher Columbus' voyages for Spain in 1492 opened up European settlement and colonization of the Americas, though indigenous peoples had long inhabited the lands. Spain and Portugal raced to establish colonial empires in the Americas and Asia, while other powers like England, France, and the Netherlands soon followed to establish North American colonies focused on fur trading and other economic activities. By the 1600s, European colonial holdings had been established across large parts of Africa, Asia, North America, and South America
Exploration & Colonization Presentation
European exploration began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes to Asia to access valuable spices and other goods. This document provides background on why Western European nations like Portugal, Spain, England, and France established overseas colonies starting in this era. It explores their motivations, including accessing Asian trade, spreading Christianity, finding natural resources, and gaining economic and geopolitical advantages over rivals. New technologies like the compass and caravel ships enabled explorers like da Gama, Columbus, and Magellan to discover new lands and establish European colonial empires across Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
Assess the impact of the atlantic slave trade on w. africa up to the 1800 [re...
The document summarizes the social, political, economic, and cultural impacts of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa. It discusses how the slave trade contributed to instability, conflicts between groups, the mixing of languages, and loss of cultural practices. Economically, it robbed Africa of human resources and strained the agricultural workforce. It led to a shift to a dependence on European goods and industrial economies. Overall, the slave trade negatively impacted Africa's development while helping to develop Western Europe.
Columbian exchange
The Columbian Exchange led to widespread changes as plants, animals, diseases, and ideas were exchanged between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Native American populations plummeted due to diseases brought from Europe, against which they had no immunity. Europeans introduced livestock, cash crops, and African slaves to the Americas to replace declining Native American labor. Foods native to the Americas like tomatoes, potatoes, and maize became staple crops in Europe and around the world, dramatically impacting global diets, economies, and populations.
Age of exploration
Between 1500-1800:
- European powers expanded globally through exploration and colonization motivated by trade, wealth, and religion. Portugal led expansion in Africa and Asia while Spain dominated in the Americas.
- The slave trade dramatically increased to supply labor for American plantations, devastating parts of Africa and changing its political/social structures.
- Europeans established overseas colonies and trading posts in Asia, Africa and the Americas, transforming global economics and introducing mercantilism. Their presence impacted politics, culture and religion in conquered regions.
American Slavery
This presentation provides a general history of American slavery (with greater emphasis on its development than on its antebellum incarnation) to give students some understanding of the institution. It is the fourth in a series of presentations designed for college students in a seminar on The Civil War and Reconstruction. Students will spend more time engaging antebellum slavery (the slavery that is more familiar to most Americans) in class.
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The document summarizes the triangular slave trade route known as the Middle Passage. It describes the three steps: 1) Europeans traded goods with African leaders in exchange for captives. 2) The Middle Passage was the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas and West Indies in terrible conditions, packed below deck in chains. 3) European traders returned home with goods like sugar, cotton and tobacco produced by slaves. The Middle Passage journey resulted in much suffering and death for the enslaved Africans.
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Slavery
Slavery was a global system that connected five continents through the trade of African slaves to produce goods in the Americas. While many forms of servitude existed, the harshest was chattel slavery where slaves were the permanent, hereditary property of their owners. Slavery began in ancient societies but was largely replaced by serfdom in Europe by the 5th century AD. However, European powers later revived the slave trade, transporting over 10 million Africans to the Americas between the 15th-19th centuries, with around 430,000 going to what would become the US. Tensions over the expansion of slavery contributed to the American Civil War, which ultimately led to emancipation.
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Slavery began in America in 1619 when the first Africans were brought to Jamestown, Virginia by Dutch traders who had seized them from a Spanish ship. Over the next few centuries, slavery grew significantly as slave ships transported Africans to America against their will to be sold at auctions and forced to work on plantations under inhumane conditions. Slaves faced brutal punishments if they disobeyed and had no rights. The Underground Railroad and abolitionists worked to help escaped slaves reach freedom. Ultimately, the Civil War from 1861 to 1865 led to the end of slavery with Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment.
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- The initial exploration and settlement of North America by Europeans starting in the 15th century, including the Spanish, French, English and Portuguese.
- The establishment of colonies and the evolution of new cultures as European and Native cultures mixed.
- The major impacts of European contact, including population declines among Native Americans due to disease and conflicts over land use.
AP World Atlantic Slave Trade
The document summarizes the history of the Atlantic slave trade from antiquity to its abolition. It describes how slavery was already established in Africa by the time Europeans arrived and dramatically expanded the slave trade to meet labor demands on plantations in the Americas. The triangular trade route transported enslaved Africans to the Americas and goods to Africa and Europe. Conditions during the Middle Passage and on plantations were extremely cruel. Resistance took many forms. Abolitionists from different backgrounds advocated for ending the slave trade and slavery.
Transatlantic Slave Trade: Primary Documents & Writing Response
Slavery was an important part of the economy in the Americas. Africans were captured and forced onto ships where they were packed tightly below deck with little room to move. This inhumane treatment had devastating impacts, reducing the African population and importing forced labor that changed the demographics of Latin America.
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The Atlantic Slave Trade
The document summarizes the Atlantic slave trade, which involved the transport of enslaved Africans by European powers to the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries. Millions of Africans were captured from their homes and shipped across the Atlantic to work on plantations, mines, and other facilities in the Americas. The slave trade developed a triangular route, with European goods traded for African slaves, who were then transported to the Americas to be sold, with American goods then brought back to Europe. The journey, known as the Middle Passage, was horrific, with captives packed tightly into ship holds where many died from disease and poor treatment. The slave trade had devastating impacts on African societies and cultures but contributed greatly to the
Transatlantic slave trade
1) The transatlantic slave trade transported 10-20 million Africans to the Americas over 300 years, mostly to Brazil, the Caribbean, and Spanish colonies. Less than 5% went to North America.
2) Enslaved Africans were subjected to brutal conditions during capture, the Middle Passage voyage, and on plantations where they produced crops like cotton, sugar, and tobacco.
3) The slave trade had devastating impacts on Africa's population and development while fueling economic growth in Europe through plantation agriculture.
Early British Colonies U.S. History
The early British colonies were established for economic reasons, with the first being Jamestown in 1607. Tobacco became a profitable crop in Virginia while indentured servitude provided labor. Self-governance emerged through entities like the Virginia House of Burgesses and Mayflower Compact. Puritans founded colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay to escape religious persecution in England. The 13 original colonies developed diverse economies while remaining tied to England through the Navigation Acts; however, they gained a growing spirit of self-determination.
atlantic slave trade - slave resistance
Slaves resisted their owners in various ways, both violently and non-violently. Non-violent resistance included working slowly, pretending to be ill, and escaping, sometimes with the help of the Underground Railroad network. Violent resistance involved damaging owner's property, hurting or killing farm animals, and in rare cases, attacking or killing owners. Famous slave rebellions, like Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831 and the 1861 Baptist War in Jamaica, showed that some slaves were willing to take up arms against their oppressors.
Atlantic Slave Trade - why did slavery start
Slavery started because there was increasing demand for sugar but not enough workers to produce it. Africans were taken as slaves to grow sugar in the Americas as they were more resistant to European diseases than native tribes. This forced transportation of slaves from Africa to the Americas to support the sugar industry became known as the Triangular Trade due to the three stages of the journey: goods to Africa, slaves to Americas, produced goods from Americas to Europe.
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The document summarizes slave resistance to the institution of slavery in the United States from 1800 to the Civil War. It describes various slave rebellions and uprisings led by Denmark Vessey, Gabriel Prosser, Nat Turner, and John Brown. It also discusses the Underground Railroad and the role of Harriet Tubman in helping slaves escape. The document also profiles prominent abolitionists and activists including David Walker, Maria Stewart, Frederick Douglass, and Sojourner Truth who resisted slavery through pamphlets, speeches, and moral persuasion.
Triangular trade
The document summarizes the triangular trade route that developed between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in the 16th-18th centuries. It explains that as disease killed many Native Americans, colonists relied increasingly on African slaves to work plantations producing goods like sugar. The Portuguese first established large sugar plantations in Brazil using slave labor. This led to the growth of the transatlantic slave trade, with slaves transported from Africa to the Americas to work on plantations cultivating crops like sugar, tobacco, and cotton, which were then shipped back to Europe, enriching those involved and establishing the triangular trade route.
Atlantic Slave Trade - effects on africa
The slave trade had numerous negative impacts on Africa that still affect the continent today. It significantly reduced Africa's population by taking millions of young, strong workers, leaving fewer people to farm and support themselves. This caused problems like poverty and worse health as resources became scarcer. However, some African kings did benefit financially from capturing and selling other Africans as slaves.
European expansion
European powers expanded their global influence between 1450-1750 due to a desire for trade, resources, and spreading Christianity. Portugal pioneered exploration down the coast of Africa in search of routes to Asia following Marco Polo's accounts of the East. Christopher Columbus' voyages for Spain in 1492 opened up European settlement and colonization of the Americas, though indigenous peoples had long inhabited the lands. Spain and Portugal raced to establish colonial empires in the Americas and Asia, while other powers like England, France, and the Netherlands soon followed to establish North American colonies focused on fur trading and other economic activities. By the 1600s, European colonial holdings had been established across large parts of Africa, Asia, North America, and South America
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European exploration began in the 15th century as European powers sought new trade routes to Asia to access valuable spices and other goods. This document provides background on why Western European nations like Portugal, Spain, England, and France established overseas colonies starting in this era. It explores their motivations, including accessing Asian trade, spreading Christianity, finding natural resources, and gaining economic and geopolitical advantages over rivals. New technologies like the compass and caravel ships enabled explorers like da Gama, Columbus, and Magellan to discover new lands and establish European colonial empires across Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
Assess the impact of the atlantic slave trade on w. africa up to the 1800 [re...
The document summarizes the social, political, economic, and cultural impacts of the Atlantic slave trade on Africa. It discusses how the slave trade contributed to instability, conflicts between groups, the mixing of languages, and loss of cultural practices. Economically, it robbed Africa of human resources and strained the agricultural workforce. It led to a shift to a dependence on European goods and industrial economies. Overall, the slave trade negatively impacted Africa's development while helping to develop Western Europe.
Columbian exchange
The Columbian Exchange led to widespread changes as plants, animals, diseases, and ideas were exchanged between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Native American populations plummeted due to diseases brought from Europe, against which they had no immunity. Europeans introduced livestock, cash crops, and African slaves to the Americas to replace declining Native American labor. Foods native to the Americas like tomatoes, potatoes, and maize became staple crops in Europe and around the world, dramatically impacting global diets, economies, and populations.
Age of exploration
Between 1500-1800:
- European powers expanded globally through exploration and colonization motivated by trade, wealth, and religion. Portugal led expansion in Africa and Asia while Spain dominated in the Americas.
- The slave trade dramatically increased to supply labor for American plantations, devastating parts of Africa and changing its political/social structures.
- Europeans established overseas colonies and trading posts in Asia, Africa and the Americas, transforming global economics and introducing mercantilism. Their presence impacted politics, culture and religion in conquered regions.
American Slavery
This presentation provides a general history of American slavery (with greater emphasis on its development than on its antebellum incarnation) to give students some understanding of the institution. It is the fourth in a series of presentations designed for college students in a seminar on The Civil War and Reconstruction. Students will spend more time engaging antebellum slavery (the slavery that is more familiar to most Americans) in class.
The middle passage
The document summarizes the triangular slave trade route known as the Middle Passage. It describes the three steps: 1) Europeans traded goods with African leaders in exchange for captives. 2) The Middle Passage was the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas and West Indies in terrible conditions, packed below deck in chains. 3) European traders returned home with goods like sugar, cotton and tobacco produced by slaves. The Middle Passage journey resulted in much suffering and death for the enslaved Africans.
Slavery in the united states
Slavery existed in the United States from 1619 until 1865, primarily in the Southern states. By 1860 there were nearly 4 million slaves out of a total US population of 12 million, most held by large plantation owners. Slaves endured cruel treatment and inhumane conditions, and an internal slave trade developed that forcibly relocated over 1 million slaves for economic reasons. Abolitionist movements led by figures like Douglass and Beecher Stowe grew in the Northern states, increasing sectional tensions, while the Dred Scott decision of 1857 upheld slavery. The system was finally abolished after the Union victory in the Civil War.
Slavery
Slavery was a global system that connected five continents through the trade of African slaves to produce goods in the Americas. While many forms of servitude existed, the harshest was chattel slavery where slaves were the permanent, hereditary property of their owners. Slavery began in ancient societies but was largely replaced by serfdom in Europe by the 5th century AD. However, European powers later revived the slave trade, transporting over 10 million Africans to the Americas between the 15th-19th centuries, with around 430,000 going to what would become the US. Tensions over the expansion of slavery contributed to the American Civil War, which ultimately led to emancipation.
Atlantic Slave Trade - why was the slave trade abolished?
Parliamentary campaigns led by William Wilberforce, public opinion swayed by abolitionist writings and speeches from former slaves, and economic factors like cheaper sugar from India and slave rebellions contributed to Great Britain abolishing the slave trade in 1807, though slavery itself in British colonies continued until being outlawed in 1833.
Slavery in america (1)
Slavery began in America in 1619 when the first Africans were brought to Jamestown, Virginia by Dutch traders who had seized them from a Spanish ship. Over the next few centuries, slavery grew significantly as slave ships transported Africans to America against their will to be sold at auctions and forced to work on plantations under inhumane conditions. Slaves faced brutal punishments if they disobeyed and had no rights. The Underground Railroad and abolitionists worked to help escaped slaves reach freedom. Ultimately, the Civil War from 1861 to 1865 led to the end of slavery with Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th Amendment.
Historical settlement of north america
This document summarizes the historical settlement of North America by various groups over time. It discusses:
- Early Native American populations and their diversity.
- The initial exploration and settlement of North America by Europeans starting in the 15th century, including the Spanish, French, English and Portuguese.
- The establishment of colonies and the evolution of new cultures as European and Native cultures mixed.
- The major impacts of European contact, including population declines among Native Americans due to disease and conflicts over land use.
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Roots and Revolution of America
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2. Colonial governments were influenced by these English ideas and systems, incorporating natural rights, separation of powers, and representative government.
3. After tensions rose with the British government over taxation and representation, the Second Continental Congress met and produced the Declaration of Independence in 1776, establishing the United States as an independent nation based on principles of natural rights and consent of the governed.
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The document provides a history research paper on the Middle Passage during the transatlantic slave trade in the 18th century. It includes an introduction outlining the Middle Passage as transporting slaves from West Africa to the Americas. The presentation of data section describes the conditions slaves faced, including extreme overcrowding, poor ventilation, minimal food and water, and rampant disease that led to high mortality rates. The conclusion states that the immense suffering of the transatlantic slave trade cannot be measured and was one of the greatest inhumane trades in history, transporting over 11 million slaves.
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African Slave Trade (updated 2018)
The document provides background information on the Atlantic slave trade. It discusses when the slave trade began in the 1450s, the reasons it started which included labor shortages and beliefs of superiority. It describes the three phases of the slave trade: capture in West Africa, the treacherous Middle Passage journey across the Atlantic, and seasoning in brutal work camps in the Caribbean. The document also examines the triangular trade route between Africa, North America, and the Caribbean that facilitated the slave trade and the growth of slavery in America through the invention of the cotton gin.
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The document summarizes the Atlantic slave trade between 1450 and 1865. It discusses the reasons for the slave trade including labor shortages, feelings of ethnic superiority, and greed. It also outlines the phases of the slave trade process including the capture of Africans in West Africa, the journey known as the Middle Passage across the Atlantic Ocean, and seasoning camps in the Caribbean. The growth of slavery in the Americas is also examined, explaining why Africans were used for labor and how the population of slaves grew from 1 million in 1800 to 4 million by 1860.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the Atlantic slave trade between 1450 and 1865, including its geographic scope, reasons for occurring, and phases. It discusses how slaves were captured in West Africa, transported by ship during the treacherous Middle Passage, and held in brutal seasoning camps upon arrival in the Caribbean and Americas. The slave trade grew dramatically due to demands for agricultural labor and inventions like the cotton gin that increased productivity and profitability of slavery.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the Atlantic slave trade between 1450 and 1865, including the reasons for it, locations involved, phases slaves experienced, and growth of slavery. It notes the slave trade was driven by labor shortages, ethnocentrism, and greed. Most slaves were captured 50-100 miles inland in Africa then endured the dangerous middle passage by boat to the Americas and brutal seasoning work camps in the Caribbean. Slavery grew dramatically from 1 million slaves in 1800 to 4 million by 1860 due to the invention of the cotton gin, which made slavery highly profitable and increased demand for slaves.
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The document provides information about the three stages of the Atlantic slave trade:
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2) The brutal Middle Passage where slaves were tightly packed into ships for an 8-10 week journey across the Atlantic. Conditions were unsanitary and dehumanizing, resulting in high mortality rates.
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The Atlantic slave trade originated between the 1500s and 1800s when millions of Africans were captured and sold as slaves in the Americas. Enslaved Africans endured horrific conditions during the Middle Passage voyage, where up to 20% died chained in cramped quarters. Many slaves ended up working brutal conditions on plantations throughout the Americas. Over 400 years, the slave trade devastated societies in West Africa by taking future leaders and dividing Africans, while also profoundly enriching economies in the colonies through forced labor.
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The document summarizes the origins and growth of the Atlantic slave trade between Africa and the Americas. It discusses how slavery already existed in Africa and was non-hereditary. The slave trade expanded dramatically between the 1500s-1800s to supply labor for plantations in the Americas, with over 9.5 million slaves transported under brutal conditions. The triangular trade routes involved slaves transported from Africa to the Americas and goods transported from the Americas back to Europe and Africa. The slave trade was officially abolished in 1807 although slavery continued in practice for decades more.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the Atlantic slave trade that occurred between 1450 and 1865. It describes the reasons for the slave trade including labor shortages, feelings of racial superiority, and greed. It outlines the phases of the slave trade including the capture of Africans inland, their transportation in crowded and inhumane conditions on slave ships, and the process of "seasoning" slaves upon arrival in the Americas. It also notes that African expectations of slavery being temporary did not align with the reality of slavery as a lifelong and inheritable status and that the invention of the cotton gin led to rapid growth in the slave population to meet demand for cotton production.
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The rise of slavery began with early civilizations using slaves for labor on farms, mines, and other work. Slavery increased with the rise of European colonialism between 1500-1700 as Europeans enslaved Africans and used them in the Transatlantic slave trade. This "Triangular Trade" involved Europeans exchanging goods for African slaves, who were then brought to the Americas and traded for goods like molasses to bring back to Europe. The growth of the cotton industry in the Americas increased the demand for slave labor to pick cotton. Slavery began declining in the 1800s as countries abolished the practice, though it still exists today in the form of human trafficking.
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The document discusses the origins and impacts of the transatlantic slave trade. It began in the late 15th century as European powers colonized the Americas and established sugar plantations there. They imported enslaved Africans to work on these plantations, resulting in 10-15 million Africans being taken as slaves until the 1860s. The slave trade generated huge profits that helped make Britain a wealthy industrial power. After Britain abolished slavery in 1833, it paid compensation to slave owners that totaled over £17 billion in today's money, benefiting wealthy elites and impacting British society. The document examines how this history of slavery and its profits are still impacting communities today.
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This document provides background on the Atlantic slave trade. It explains that Europeans initially planned to use Native Americans for labor on plantations and farms but they faced problems with disease, familiarity with the land making escape easy, and lack of experience with hard labor. This led Europeans to turn to African slaves as a new source of labor. The slave trade developed a system where slaves from Africa were transported to the New World, often to Brazil at first, to work on plantations and farms. Over 12 million Africans were ultimately enslaved in the Americas through this system, with around 400,000 landing in what is now the United States.
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The document discusses the Atlantic slave trade, noting that Africans were used as slaves for labor on plantations in the Americas due to their immunity to diseases and experience in farming. The slave trade was very profitable for those involved in Europe, Africa, and the Americas. While the triangular trade route connected these three regions via goods and slaves, the Middle Passage that transported slaves from Africa was brutal, resulting in many deaths. The slave trade had severe cultural and demographic consequences in both Africa and the Americas.
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This document provides an overview of the history of slavery in the New World between the 15th and 18th centuries. It discusses the origins and mechanics of the transatlantic slave trade, the development of plantation economies dependent on slave labor in the Caribbean and Americas, and the evolution of slavery and racial ideologies over time. Key points covered include the triangular trade route, the growth of the sugar and tobacco industries, differences between northern and southern slavery, and the increasing racialization of slavery in the 17th-18th centuries.
Transatlantic slave trade
The transatlantic slave trade transported over 10 million Africans to the Americas between the 15th and 19th centuries. The majority of slaves were shipped to Brazil, the Caribbean, and Spanish colonies, with less than 5% going to North America. Europeans enslaved Africans as a profitable business to provide cheap labor for plantations growing crops like cotton, sugar, tobacco, and rum. The brutal conditions during capture, transportation in ships, and slave labor had devastating impacts on African populations and hindered Africa's economic development, while slavery contributed to the economic growth and industrial revolutions in Europe.
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Enslaved and free Africans played a significant role in the developing culture and economy of South Carolina. The growth of the slave trade resulted in a large population of Africans who contributed their agricultural knowledge and skills. However, Africans resisted slavery, such as through the Stono Rebellion. In response, South Carolina strengthened slave codes to control the slave population and prevent future uprisings. Over time, Africans developed a unique Gullah culture and language on the coastal Sea Islands.
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Slavery originated in many ancient cultures and involved enslaving people through conquest, debt, or heredity. Between the 1600s-1800s, approximately 18 million Africans were captured and transported via the brutal Middle Passage to the Americas to be sold into slavery, with 3 million dying along the journey. The first African slaves arrived in Jamestown, VA in 1609. Slaves faced cruel treatment and were controlled through oppressive slave codes. They resisted through escape, rebellion, and cultural preservation. The Underground Railroad helped around 100,000 slaves reach freedom in the North and Canada. The Civil War and Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 led to the abolition of slavery across the United States through the 13
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African Slave Trade
- 1. The Atlantic Slave Trade
- 2. History of African Slavery 2
- 3. 3 The Atlantic Slave Trade When? •1450 - Spanish & Portuguese start slaving in Africa •1865 - still smuggling slaves until the end of the civil war (technically illegal in 1808)
- 4. 4 The Atlantic Slave Trade Why? •Labor shortage (not enough workers) •Diseases killed off natives •Ethnocentrism –(feelings of superiority) •Greed/Wealth •NOT b/c of what was once believed to just have been better field workers •NOT motivated by prejudice
- 5. Slaves were needed for… • Growing: • Sugar • Tobacco • Coffee • Cacao (chocolate) 5
- 6. 6 The Atlantic Slave Trade Where to? 5% 60% 35% Where from? 65% 30% 5%
- 7. 7 Number of people enslaved •30 million taken from their homes •10 million die during capture phase •10 million die during middle •p1a0s smagilelion survive to make it over the ocean
- 8. 8 Phases of the Slave Trade Capture: •Most captured 50-100 miles inland •Tribes often did not have a choice in helping capture neighbors “divide and conquer”
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- 14. 14 Phases of the Slave Trade West African expectations about slavery: •Slaves were not slaves for life •A slave’s child would not be a slave
- 15. 15 Phases of the Slave Trade Capture: Christiansborg Castle, Gold Coast, ca. 1750 Cape Coast Castle, Gold Coast, 1727 Slaves brought to “trading castles”
- 16. 16 Phases of the Slave Trade 2. The Middle Passage •Journey over the Atlantic Ocean •400-500 people in a boat with little air & much disease
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- 26. 26 Phases of the Slave Trade 2. The Middle Passage - Tight Pack •Higher mortality, higher profits
- 27. 27 Phases of the Slave Trade 2. The Middle Passage - Loose pack •Lower mortality, lower profits
- 28. Life on the Slave Ship •Branded to establish ownership •Meals: boiled corn meal and beans, pint (half liter) of water with each meal •Slaves were made to “jump and dance” for an hour or two to keep them fit •Death was common among slaves in ship 28
- 29. 29 Phases of the Slave Trade 3. “Seasoning” - •Brutal work camps, 4-5 months in Caribbean •Meant to train people to be slaves
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- 31. Slave Auction 31
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- 36. 36 Thinking Question: Given how many people died during the “Capture phase” or on the “Middle passage,” what do you think went on in the minds of the slave catchers and slave traders?
- 37. 37 Triangle Trade North America Molasses Rum, weapons The Carribean Africa Slaves
- 38. 38 Growth of Slavery Why Africans? •Americas are desperate for labor •Harder for Africans to run away than Native Americans •African strengths - agricultural practices, resistance to diseases
- 39. 39 Growth of Slavery How did African slaves fight back? •Open revolt (rare) •Work slowdowns •Breaking Tools •Poisoning food
- 40. 40 Thinking Question: While many slaves resisted, not all of them did. What did they have to lose?
- 41. 41 Growth of Slavery How much did it grow? •1800 - 1 million in slavery •1860 - 4 million (1/3 of Southern population)
- 42. 42 Growth of Slavery Why? Cotton Gin •Invented 1793 - made slavery VERY productive •100x faster than by hand •More efficient = more $ (so need more slaves)
- 43. Death/ Punishments •Greatest killer was disease among slaves •Deaths outnumbered births •Life expectancy: 23 (males)/25.5 (females) •Harsh conditions •Whippings/Beatings •Owners devised ways to shame slaves into obedience (metal face masks, “iron muzzle”) 43
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- 49. Slave Jobs •“Great gang”= strongest slaves in the prime of their lie, did the heaviest work •“Grass gang”= children under the supervision of elderly slaves •“Driver”= privileged male slave who made sure the gang got their work completed •Nursing mothers brought their babies to fields •Slaves ships brought twice as many males and females 49
- 50. Freedom • Manumission= legal grant of freedom by an owner • More common in Brazil, Spanish and French territory than in English territories • Not uncommon for slave owner who fathered a child by a female slave to give mother and child their freedom • Legal condition followed that of the mother, slave families often struggled to free women in childbearing years first so that the children would be born free 50