Slavery in America

1. PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OFALGERIA
UNIVERSITY OF CHADLI BENJDID EL TARF
ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT
R e s e a c h o f t h e T . T . U m o d u l e
DIRECTED BY:
- Benzerari A.
- Boulebnane A. M.
- Bouadjila L.
- Ayeche S.
- Benguita Ch.
- Bellili L.
- Djennane A.
Professor of the TTU module
BOUMOUS.M
Academic Year : 2014-2015

2. Slavery in America

3. Outline
• Introduction
-The Aim of This Project
-Problematic
-Hypotheses
• Chapter 1: Foundation of Slavery in America
-What is Slavery ?
-How Slavery Come to The USA ?
-Why Not Enslave The Native Population ?
-Capturing of Slaves
-The Triangular Trade And The Middle Passage
-Discription of a Slave Ship
-Slaves Treatment And Living Conditions
-Slave Revolt and Rebillion
-Punishment

4. - Destination, Auction and Seasoning
- Slave Codes
- Slave Resistance
- The Underground Rail Road
- Cotton Gin
- How Cotton Gin Started The Civil War
• Chapter 2: The Civi War and Emanicipation
- Election of 1860 and The Start of The Civil War
- The Civil War and Emanicipation Proclamation
- End of The Civil War and the 13th Am
• Chapter 3: The Civil Rights Movement
-Short Definition of The Civil Rights Movement
- How it Started ?
-The Protestation and The Black Power
• Conclusion

5. Introduction
Slavery has been rife throughout all of ancient history.
Most, if not all, ancient civilizations practiced this institution
and it is described and defendedin early writings of the
Sumerians, Babylonians, and Egyptians. It was also practiced
by early societies in central America and Africa
In 1619, the Dutch introduced the first captured Africans to
America, planting the seeds of a slavery system that evolved
into a nightmare of abuse and cuelty that would ultimately
divide the nation and than transform America into an
Economic Power. That makes Slaves the most valuable thing
in the Nation beside the land itself, – the selling of human
beings to make wealth for their Masters. An era of extra
ordinary wealth maintained by unimaginable evil.
That is what we will see in this research work

6. The aim of this projet
As human beings we are concerned of
Slavery because it's a very major part of the
history and considered as a human case that
must be dealt with.

7. Problematic
How Slavery effected the history of
The United States ?

8. Hypotheses
1- Slavery was essential to the making of the
USA especially in industrial revolution
2- slavery had no real impact on the history and
the making of America

9. Chapter 1
FOUNDATIONS OF
SLAVERY IN AMERICA

10. What is Slavery
• Slave is a person who is forced to work, without pay, under threat
of violence, who cannot walk away.
• The word slave comes frome the Slavic people of Estern Europe
who were often conquered and enslaved during the Middle Ages
• It is also an economic system which relies on forced labor,
ownership of some people by others

11. How Slavery Came to USA
• Slavery introduced by the Spanish into the West Indies after
Columbus’s discovery of America. Spanish and Portuguese
expanded African slavery into Central and South American
after enslaved Indians began dying off.
• In 1619, a Dutch ship, the White Lion, captured 20 enslaved
Africans in a battle with a Spanish ship. They landed at
Jamestown, Virginia for repairs from the battle. For food and
supplies, the Dutch traded the enslaved Africans to the
Colonials as indentured servants

12. Why Not Enslave the Native Population?
• Native Americans were highly likely to catch European
diseases.
• They were familiar with the terrain and could escape easier.
• They had political allies that could fight against the “owners.”
• Sugar plantations and tobacco farms required a large supply of
workers to make them profitable for their owners. Since most
of the Native Americans that were used for labor had died,
they turned to Africa for a new source of labor.

13. Capturing of Slaves
•Slaves would be captured and put into make-
shift jails called Barracoons.
•Once enough slaves were captured they
would be marched to permanent jails called
factories located along the coast.
•The journey from the interior to the factories
might be as far as 1,000 miles. Shackled and
underfed, only half the people survived
•These death marches. Those to sick to make
it were killed or left for dead.
• Those who reached the factories were put in
jails for as long as a year before they were
boarded on ships.
Captured African Slaves

14. Capturing of Slaves
This slave collar
was equipped with
bells
A slave yolk was
used to bind two
slaves together.

15. Ghana Factory

16. • The Factor, or owner of the factory would sell the African to
Slave ship captains. In order to get a better price the ships
Captain would often offer a dash or bribe to the factor.
• The factor would try anything to get a better price for slaves.
• Slaves heads were shaved, bodies oiled, and even drugs were
Given to make their bodies bloat. A healthier slave would
bring A better price

17. • Once purchased by a slaver, the slave was usually branded
with the owners initials to ensure ownership

18. The triangulare trade and The Middle Passage
• Triangular Trade was the three step route used to trade captive
Africans and sell them into slavery.
• The first step of the Triangular Trade involved taking manufactured
goods from Europe to Africa in return for captive Africans that were
forced into slavery. These goods includes cloth, spirit, tobacco,
beads, metal goods, and guns.
• Step two was the Middle Passage.This was basically the
transportation of the slaves to the Americas and the West Indies.
• The last step of the triangle was the return to Europe with the goods
produced on slave plantations.

19. The Trans-atlantic Slave Trade
The triangular Trade The middle passage

20. Description of a Slave Ship

21. Sketch from Photograph National Archives
U.K., From Slave Ship to Freedom Road

22. Slaves treatment and living conditions
•Conditions on board ship during the Middle Passage were
appalling they spent several months travelling to different parts of
the coast, buying their cargo.
•The captives were often in poor health from the physical and
mental abuse they had suffered.
•They were taken on board, stripped naked and examined from
head to toe by the captain or surgeon.
•The slaves were packed beneath the deck of the ships as if they
were cargo.

23. •The men were packed together below deck
and were secured by leg irons.
• The space was so cramped they were
forced to crouch or lie down.
• Women and children were kept in separate
quarters, sometimes on deck, allowing them
limited freedom of movement, but this also
exposed them to violence and sexual abuse
from the crew.
•The air in the hold was foul and putrid.
Seasickness was common and the heat was
oppressive.
(Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division, British
Cartoon Collection, LC-USZ62-6204)

24. • The lack of sanitation and
suffocating conditions meant there
was a constant threat of disease.
• In good weather the captives were
brought on deck in midmorning and
forced to exercise.
• They were fed twice a day and
those refusing to eat were force-fed.
Those who died were thrown
overboard.
• Rebellion and disobedience was
common by slaves on the slave
ships.
• Those who disobeyed were
punished. Punishment usually
meant a flogging or a severe
whipping.

25. Slave Revolts ans rebillion
•Slave revolts sometimes Slave Revolts ans rebillionhappened.
Slaves might try to attack their captors and take control of the ship.
•These usually ended unsuccessfully, especially because the slaves
did not know how to sail the ship
•There are many examples of slave rebellions: The most famous is
the Amistad rebellion in 1839. The slaves took control of the ship,
killing most of the crew.
•The slaves eventually went on trial but were released as they had
been kidnapped.

26. Punishment
•Slave ship crews used various forms of
punishment to stop slave rebellions.
Like on land, the most common punishment
was whipping.
•Other punishments included withholding food
or torture such as thumbscrews.
•There were more extreme punishments too.
This included throwing rebellious slaves
overboard. Sharks terrified the crew and
slaves and were known to follow slave ships
due to the dead bodies which were thrown
overboard.
The ends of a whip were
tipped with iron barbs

28. • Once in the Americas, slaves were sold at
auctions to the highest bidder
• Muscular men were worth the most since they
could do hard work in fields, as well as children,
who could grow up on the plantation and learn the
skills needed
• Older men and women were sometimes used as
slaves in the house, doing duties such as cooking
and cleaning
• Most times, families were torn apart, with parents
being sold to one master and children to another
Destination, Auction, and Seasoning

29. Slaves for Auction Slaves for Sale
(Copy in Special Collections Department, University of Virginia
Library)

30. Slave Codes
•Slave codes were laws meant to control slaves.
These codes forbid slaves from learning to read, owning
firearms, or marrying a white person.
•The penalty a slave faced for learning to read was having
a thumb cut off!
•These laws also made the children born to slaves
automatically slaves for life (generational slavery).

31. Slaves Resistance
• Slaves didn’t just sit back and accept a life of servitude
• Slaves resisted in a number of ways ( passive and active
resistance) like escaping, slowing down on the job,
intentionally doing a job wrong or participating in violent
rebellion.
• One of the most famous slave revolts occurred in Virginia. A
slave named Nat Turner led 70 other slaves in the killing of 55
white men, women and children. Turner and his men were
later captured and hung.
• Slaves also resisted by singing spirituals, or religious folk
songs that often contained coded messages.
• Slave spirituals led to the creation of both jazz and the blues.

32. The Underground Railroad
• The Underground Railroad was a large network of people who
helped fugitive slaves escape to the North and to Canada.
• It is estimated that up to 100,000 slaves escaped the South
with the help of “conductors”, or guides. The most famous of
these guides was Harriet Tubman.
• Slaves escaping North would use a series of “stations”, or safe
houses to rest in along the route.

33. The Economic Expansion Using Slavery
• The slave trade, the strength—
manpower to build and cultivate, as
well as, the products produced by
African slaves—cotton, tobacco, rice,
grain, indigo, and sugar—
• This provided the basis for the nation’s
wealth, underwriting the industrial
revolution, and allowing the U.S. to
project its power onto the rest of the
world.

34. The Cotton Gin Invention
• The cotton gin is a machine used to separate cotton fibers from the
seed
• Before the invention of cotton Gin machine it was difficult for
slaves to work in cotton they would have to clean cotton by hand
and pick the seeds out of the cotton fibers and it took them one day
to produce 1 lb. of cotton
• After the Invention of the Cotton Gin Economic foundation of
slavery strengthened
• More land was used to grow cotton, therefore more slaves were
needed
• Solidified the need for slavery in the South

35. How Cotton Gin Started the Civil War
• More land was used to grow cotton, therefore more
slaves were needed
• Solidified the need for slavery in the South
• Cotton became America’s leading cash crop
• Impact on Slavery in the South
• Greater availability and cheaper cloth
• Affected politics until Civil War
• Turning Point in economic history of US

36. Chapter 2
The Civil War and
Emancipation

37. Election of 1860 and the Start of the
Civil War
• From 1861-1865 Americans in the North and South fought
the Civil War over the issue of slavery.
• Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860 without any
southern electoral votes.
• Many southern states quickly seceded from the Union,
South Carolina leading the way.
• Southern troops fired upon Fort Sumter, starting the Civil
War.
• The North fought to preserve the Union, while the South
fought to preserve slavery.

38. • There were a lot of differences between the
Northern states and the Southern states:
-The North had a lot of industry and the
South had a lot of farming. The South
depended on the work of slaves to do the
farming.
-The North wanted slavery abolished and
the South was very opposed to that happening.

39. The Civil War and the Emancipation
Proclamation
• Early in the war, Lincoln
began to think about ending
slavery in the South to help
end the war.
• On September 22, 1862 he
issued the Emancipation
Proclamation which declared
an end to slavery in the states
in rebellion on January 1,
1863.
• It only freed slaves in the
states that had seceded.

40. End of the Civil War and the 13th
Amendment
• After 4 years a bloody of civil war the south
was defeated And as a result the emanicipation
of 4 million slaves
• the states were forced to accept the 13th
Amendment to the Constitution before they
could be readmitted into the Union.
• 13th Amendment-It abolished slavery in the
United States.
• It was ratified in 1865.

41. Chapter 3
The Civil Rights Movement

42. Short Definition of Civil Rights Movement
• Civil rights involve the government protection of
individuals against discrimination based on their race,
religion, national origin, gender, age, and other
factors.
• The concept of civil rights is based on the equal
protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment,
which says that no state shall "deny to any person
within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the
laws."

43. How it started ?
• After World War II a new movement for civil
rights began. African Americans started to have
more confidence and believe more in themselves.
• They had served for their country with honor during the
war and in the North many Blacks started living in better
conditions.
• A new group came to life – the NAACP (the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People).
It attracted many members and received support from
both Blacks and Whites.

44. Protestation and The Black Power
• In 1955 a black woman, Rosa
Parks, was arrested in Montgomery,
Alabama because she refused to let
a white passenger take her seat.
• Blacks in the city
started boycotting buses.
This boycott was led by Martin
Luther King, who became the leader
of the Civil Rights Movement.

45. • The movement reached its climax in 1963. Over a
million people, Blacks as well as Whites took part in a
protest demonstration in Washington
• In the following year Congress passed the Civil Rights
Act. This law banned discrimination in
school, public places, jobs and many other fields. African
Americans received the right to vote and in 1967

46. Conclusion
Slavery was essential of the make of the Unites States.
It played a profound role in the history of America. The wealth
created by the unpaid labor of African Americans helped to
underwrite the country's industrial revolution and subsequent
economic strength. That wealth created tremendous political
power for slave holders and their representatives. African slaves
brought with them their many cultures, languages, and values,
which helped to shape America and its unique culture. Enduring
a brutally oppressive system, African slaves developed a deep
commitment to liberty and became a living testament to the
powerful ideal of freedom.