The document provides an overview of the expansion of the Ottoman and Safavid empires between the 15th and 17th centuries. It discusses key Ottoman sultans like Osman, Orkhan I, Mehmet II, and Suleiman the Magnificent who expanded the empire through military conquest. The empire thrived under Suleiman's rule but later declined due to corruption and weak rulers. It also outlines the rise of the Safavid Empire in Persia under leaders like Ismail I and Shah Abbas, who made Shi'a Islam the official religion and blended Persian and Islamic influences. The Safavid Empire also declined after incompetent rulers took power.

1. Muslim World Expands:
Ottomans & Safavids
Pages 440-450
Chapter 18:1-2

3. ❖ You can use your notes from last class!

4. Journal #4: Answers
❖ 1. Turkey
❖ 2. Because they were new to the faith of Islam (converts)
and they didn’t know much
❖ 3. Christians (Crusades) and Mongols (Genghis Khan)
❖ 4. Dance- Whirling Dervishes
❖ 5. Broke up into smaller kingdoms
❖ 6. Ruthless (terrorized for 50 days), advanced weapons
(ie: flammable liquids, catapults, etc)

5. Muslim World Expands:
Ottomans & Safavids
Pages 440-450
Chapter 18:1-2

6. Ottomans 18:1 Safavids 18:2
Main Idea:
Why it matters now?
Setting the Stage
• Turks
• Ghazi & Military
1. *OSMAN
2. ORKHAN 1
3. TIMUR THE LAME
4. MEHMET II
5. SELIM THE GRIM
6. *SULEIMAN the LAWGIVER
Social & Cultural
Decline
Main Idea:
Why it matters now?
•
• Causes of *Cultural Blending
1.
2.
3.
4.
• *Safavids
•
•
• ISMA’IL
•
• *SHAH ABBAS
•
• Decline
•
• Legacy

7. Add to your notes:
❖ While listening to the review lecture, make a note of the
themes:
How do different leaders
lead? What difference does that
make with the people they rule?
What shows as evidence for a good
leader?
What evidence do we have that
military strength is
valued or necessary?
Is everything about
geopolitics? Why yes and
why no?
How has cultural blending/
diffusion shaped the Middle Eastern
history and the worlds?

8. The Ottomans
❖ MAIN IDEA: The Ottomans established a Muslim
empire that combined many cultures and lasted for
more than 600 years.
❖ WHY IT MATTERS NOW? Many modern
societies- from Algeria to the Balkan countries- had
their origins under Ottoman rule

9. Setting the Stage
❖ Turkish Seljuk kingdom was
destroyed by the Mongols
❖ Turks=
❖ Militaristic
❖ Loyal to their own groups
❖ Not united by a strong central
power

10. Turks Settle in Christian Byzantium
❖ Ghazis= warriors for Islam
❖ Knights= Christian warriors during the
Middle Ages
❖ Military Societies:
❖ Leader! emir
❖ Strict Islamic code of conduct
❖ Raided territories of the
“infidels” (those who didn’t believe in
Islam) who lived on the frontiers of the
Byzantine Empire

11. 1. OSMAN
❖ = known as “Othman” in the west
❖ = most successful ghazi
❖ =established a small state in
Anatolia
❖ His successors would expand

12. Ottoman’s military success
❖Why? Use of gunpowder
❖Replaced archers on horseback
with musket-carrying foot soldiers
❖One of the first to use cannons as
offensive weapons

13. 2. ORKHAN I
❖ Declared himself sultan, meaning
“overlord” or “one with power”
❖ Turkish Empire was on the rise

14. How Ottomans treated those they conquered?
❖ Kindly
❖ Ruled through local officials appointed by
the sultan
❖ Improved the life of peasants
❖ Muslims! required to serve in Turkish army
❖ Non Muslims! did not have to serve in the
army but had to pay the tax (JIZYA)

15. 3. TIMUR THE LAME
❖ Known as Tamerlane to Europeans
❖ Claimed to be descended from Genghis Khan
❖ Ferocious
❖ Physically impressive (tall, large head, dark,
white hair which he had since he was a child)
❖ Conquered Russia and Persia
❖ Burned Baghdad

16. 4. MEHMET II
❖ Mehmet the Conquerer
❖ Achieved the most dramatic feat in Ottoman history
❖ Conquers Constantinople and forth between
Christians and Muslims
❖ Then went to Hagia Sophia (important church in
Eastern Christian world) and Mehmet insisted it be
treated with respect (then opened it to many
religions- Jews, Christians, and Muslims)

18. 5. SELIM THE GRIM
❖ Overthrew father and murdered his
brothers
❖ To protect his position, killed off
nephew all but one of his sons
❖ Great general
❖ Captured Mecca and Medina, Cairo
(intellectual center of the Muslim world)

19. 6. SULEIMAN the Lawgiver
❖ Under Suleiman the Ottoman Empire
reached its peak size
❖ Ruled for 46 years
❖ Military leader
❖ Dominated the whole eastern Mediterranean,
Northern Africa, central Africa
❖ At his peak, he was the most powerful
monarch on earth

20. Suleiman

21. Suleiman

22. Highly Structured Social Organization
❖ Complex military state
❖ Ottoman family ruled for 600 years
❖ Sultan had 20,000 personal slaves
❖ Janissaries= sultans slaves, got people from
conquered Christian territories
❖ Devshirme= took boys from family,
educated them, converted them to Islam and
then trained them as soldiers
❖ Religious Freedom

23. Janissaries

24. Cultural Achievements
❖ Schools, college, libraries and a
hospital
❖ Complex domes
❖ Art and literature
❖ Painters and poets inspired by
Persia and Arabia

25. Decline
❖ Suleiman killed off many heirs to
the throne
❖ Corruption in government
❖ Sultan would keep his sons locked
up without contact to the world,
making them incapable sultans

26. Rise & Decline

27. Safavid Empire
❖Main Idea: Many world cultures incorporate
influences from various peoples and traditions
❖Why it matters now? Modern Iran, which plays
a key role in global politics, is descended from
the culturally diverse Safavid Empire

28. Causes of Cultural Blending
❖ 2 or more countries interact
❖ 1. migration
❖ 2. trade
❖ 3. conquest
❖ 4. pursuit of religious converts or
religious freedom

29. The Safavids Build a Shi’a Empire
❖ Iranian origin
❖ Claimed they descended from
Muhammad
❖ Persecuted by Sunni Muslims
❖ Located between 2 other empires,
Safavids focused on building a powerful
army

30. ISMA’IL Conquers Persia
❖ Safavid military was a forced to be reckoned
with
❖ Called “redheads” because of their red helmets
❖ Isma’ll! 14 year leader of the redheads
❖ Seized most of what is now Iran
❖ Took title of shah, or king
❖ Established Shi’a Islam as the official religion
❖ Religious tyrant

31. Shah Abbas
❖ Created a Safavid culture= best of
Ottoman, Persian and Arab worlds
❖ Established a relationship with Europe
❖ Brought Chinese artisans to Safavid
Empire
❖ Isfahan= capital city
❖ Demand for Persian carpets

32. Shah Abbas

33. Dynasty Declines Quickly
❖ Killed or blinded his ablest sons
❖ Incompetent rulers, like Safi, led to decline
❖ Attack by enemies, Ottomans

34. Safavid Legacy
❖ Culture blending of Persian and Shi’a Islam

35. Ottoman vs. Safavid

36. After Journal + Lesson
1. Go to the class blog + complete the
“Website Activity” to review the Ottoman
and Safavids (some of these will appear
on your test)- SUBMIT online at end
2. Individual Time- finish monotheistic
chart (turn in), flash cards, 10:3 H/W
from textbook, study book notes

37. Video Clips
❖ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ChLwnlFNJbA
❖ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kq1iEvc9scI