The document discusses the Trans-Atlantic slave trade between Africa and the Americas between 1450-1800. It provides statistics on the number of Africans kidnapped and sold into slavery during this period, with estimates ranging from 10-15 million slaves transported across the Atlantic. It also describes the triangular trade route that emerged, linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas, with slaves from Africa being exchanged for goods. The horrific "Middle Passage" involved transporting slaves across the Atlantic under terrible conditions.

1. Pre Class Recall our discussion from last week: Why did Europeans become interested in the African continent? React to this image. What emotions does it evoke for you?

2. Between 1450 and 1800 10-15 MILLION Africans were kidnapped and sold into slavery The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

3. The extent of the slave trade Estimates of the number of slaves sold into the Americas have been hotly debated, but the following figures are a broad outline: 1551 – 1600 0.7 million 1601 - 1650 1 million 1651 - 1700 1.7 million 1701 - 1750 3 million 1751 – 1800 3.8 million ** 1801 - 1850 3.2 million (source: The Penguin Dictionary of British History; Gardiner, Juliet. Penguin Books: London, p. 622) invention of the cotton gin

4. Portuguese – looking for a sea route to India Mapped the coast of West Africa; searched for W. African kingdoms (gold) Other Euro. join in Trading posts Sent missionaries to “civilize” Africans; convert them to Christianity

6. N. & S. American plantations SUGAR = $$$ Colonies needed LABOR in order to be profitable Native Americans died off in large #s

7. The African Diaspora

9. Most slaves were prisoners of war Some sold themselves into slavery during famines Treated as servants rather than property “ A slaves who knows how to serve inherits his master’s property” Institutionalized slavery Mid 1700s – 100,000/year As demand for slaves increased, so did price Racism justified treating African slaves as property

10. What goods were exchanged? Who profited the most from this trade? Triangular Trade

11. Orange = development of British colonies; DIRECT trade in slaves with Africans

12. Triangle Trade linked Europe, Africa and the Americas “ outward passage” – Africans exchanged war captives for manufactured goods ( guns , jewelry, cloth, rum) “ middle passage” – horrific transport of slaves across the Atlantic, to the Caribbean “ return passage” – raw materials (sugar, tobacco, rice, cotton) from plantations in the Caribbean to Europe

14. Olaudah Equiano Falconbridge’s Account Online

15. Pre Class In your notebook , draw an annotated map (in this case, one that shows goods that were exchanged) of the triangular trade that linked Europe, Africa and the Americas.

16. Triangular Trade

17. How to Analyze an Image What questions should you ask yourself?

18. Try to imagine that you are African who has experienced the horrific middle passage . Write an account of your experience in which you use 7 facts that you gathered from viewing the pictures and reading the accounts of Alexander Falconbridge. Underline the facts in your writing.

22. When I looked round the ship too and saw a large furnace of copper boiling, and a mulititude of black people of every description chained together, every one of their countenances expressing dejection and sorrow, I no longer doubted of my fate and quite overpowered with horrow and anguish, I fell motionless on the deck and fainted. . . . I asked if we were not to be eaten by those white men with horrible looks, red faces and long hair?“ -_Olaudah Equiano

25. "I had seen a black woman slave as I came through the house, who was cooking the dinner, and the poor creature was cruelly loaded with various kinds of iron machines; she had one particularly on her head, which locked her mouth so fast that she could scarcely speak, and could not eat or drink. I [was] much astonished and shocked at this contrivance, which I afterwards learned was called the iron muzzle.“ (Olaudah Equiano)

26. 1807-08 – Britain & US ban Atlantic trade 1834 – Britain bans slavery 1865 – U.S. bans slavery (Civil War)

27. Depopulation (W. Africa) Stimulation of warfare Dependant relationship with Europe Destruction of slave trade-dependant economies About a quarter of all Africans who were enslaved between 1500 and 1870 were transported across the Atlantic in the years after 1807 2 new African nations were created: Sierra Leone – 1787 (blacks from England) Liberia – 1822/47 (freed blacks from U.S.) http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761595721_3/Atlantic_Slave_Trade.html

28. Moral/religious shifts New openness to democratic ideas Slave rebellion Changing economy Detail from ‘ Portrait of William Roscoe ’ by Sir Martin Archer Shee http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/ism/slavery/europe/abolition.aspx