1. The Space Race between the US and USSR in the 1950s-1970s led to early cooperation between scientists of the two countries and helped advance space exploration. 2. By the 1970s, the US and USSR had begun working together on projects like the Apollo-Soyuz mission, though their space programs also developed independently thereafter. 3. Advances in science and technology in recent decades have greatly increased global interdependence through developments like the Internet, video communications, and international scientific projects like the International Space Station.

1. Global INterdependAnce
Chapter 36

2. Science & Tech
1950’s-1970’s: Space Race
(US vs. USSR)
Became one of the world’s
first and most successful
arenas for cooperation
between US and Soviet
scientists

3. Space Race
1975: US and Soviet combined
efforts (US Apollo spacecraft
docked with the Soviet Soynz 19 at
140 miles above earth)
After, American and Soviet space
programs developed separately
Soviets: first international crew
into space, first space station
Along with 13 other nations: first
International Space Station

4. Exploring the UNiverse
pictures of Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, and Neptune
in-depth info about Venus
Pathfinder landed on Mars
Studied Halley’s Comet
Hubble Space Telescope
Could now: follow the weather,
aid long-distance learning
programs, guide cars

7. Hubble Space pictures
QuickTime™ and a
mpeg4 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

8. Global Communications
Space Race aided worldwide
communications
“Global Village”
Computer
Internet (in 50 years it went
from 3 to 200 million users)
“telecommuting”

9. How has computers & Social Media
changed us?
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

10. Human Life
lasers (surgery)
ultrasounds
CAT scans
MRI
genetics- fast-growing field of
science, research on genes
Genetic Engineering
Cloning

11. Cloning Humans
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

12. Green Revolution
Goal: increase available food
sources worldwide
Positives: helped avert famines,
yield crops
Negatives: fertilizers and
pesticides are dangerous
chemicals that cause cancer and
pollute environments
Gene Revolution: creating
plants that are genetically
superior (negative: accidental
creation of disease-causing
organisms)

13. Global Economic
Development
• Advances in technology=
economic growth
• invention of plastic-->
goods became cheaper
• technology was replacing
people

14. • Developed Nations= those nations with
industrialization, transportation, and business facilities
for advanced production of manufactured goods
• Developing Nations= those in the process of
becoming industrialized

15. Growth of Japan/Pacific
Rim
• Sony Corporation of Japan
• high-quality cars, electronics,
ships
• South Korea: major exporter
of cars and electronics
• Hong Kong: a world financial
center
• “Four Tigers of Asia”= South
Korea,Taiwan, Hong Kong,
Singapore

16. Global Economy
• = includes all the
financial interactions
among the people,
businesses and
governments across
international borders
• Helps: huge cargo ships,
telephone, computer
linkage

17. Multinational
Corporations
• = companies that operate
in a number of different
countries
• Examples: Ford, IBM, Exxon,
Nestle,Volvo, Honda,
Mitsubishi
• Select spots where parts
and labor are cheap
(outsourcing)

18. Free Trade
• = the elimination of trade
barriers such as tariffs
among nations
• World Trade Organization=
supervises world trade
• NAFTA= elimination of
tariffs and trade restrictions
between Canada, US, Mexico

19. Less Developed
Nations
• On average, these
nations receive only
1/20 of the income
of people in
developed countries
• Argument:
Developed
countries need to
help less developed
countries

20. Political Impacts
• Political: source of energy-
oil- who has the oil has
control of economy, water
is another important
resource
• Gulf War/Persian War:
• Iraq invaded Kuwait to
stop the distribution of
Kuwait oil
• Many fear that Iraq
would also invade Saudi
Arabia (another major
source of oil)

21. Environmental Impacts
• burning of coal and oil- air
pollution and acid rain
• Global warming
• Ozone layer destroyed by
chemicals found in products like
refrigerators,AC...these leads to
increased UV rays- destroys
plants
• Soil Erosion
• Extinction of animals and plants

22. “Sustainable Growth”
• “green growth”- growth
that will limit the negatives
• Sustainable Development=
2 goals:
• 1. meet current
economic needs
• 2. ensuring preservation
of environment

23. Global Security
Issues
military alliances
to increase security
(NATO, Warsaw...)
UN= international
agency, 1945, works
in a variety of ways
toward increasing
collective global
security

24. WMD
limiting the
manufacturing,
testing, and trade of
weapons
WMD: nuclear,
chemical, biological
weapons that can kill
thousands or millions

25. Nuclear Non-
Proliferation Treaty
= 1968, signed by many nations to
prevent the proliferation (spreading)
of nuclear weapons to other nations

26. Terrorism
= the use of force or threats to
frighten people or governments into
changing their policies
Examples: 9/11, Oklahoma City Bombing

27. Top 10: Terrorist
Attacks
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

28. Religious Conflicts
Fundamentalism= a strict
belief in the basic
truths and practice of a
particular faith
(contributed to
terrorism)
Ex: Taliban in
Afghanistan
Torture, massacre,
violence

29. Promoting Human
Rights
Universal Declaration of
Human Rights=
“All human beings are
born free and equal in
dignity and
rights...Everyone has the
right to life, liberty,
and security of person”
Problem: all declarations
and accords are non-binding

30. Civil Rights
Movement
=grassroots effort
by African
Americans to fight
discrimination and
to make sure all
citizens received
their rights
guaranteed by the
US Constitution
MLK vs. Malcolm X

31. Women’s Status
Improves
women’s rights
movement
1950’s-1960’s
discrimination
in work,
salary
Mother Teresa-
Nobel Peace
Prize

32. Global Movement of
People
migration increased
violence, famine and drought caused many to move
Push-pull factors
Push Factors: drought, natural disasters, political oppressors
Pull Factor: Hope for a better life, migrate to developed countries

33. Effects of
Immigration
political refugees and
migrants who come for
economic reasons
crowded refugee camps
valuable addition to
new country

34. Homework:
Read about 9/11 & it’s impact on our
everyday world today.

35. Cultures Blend
Popular Culture= involves sports, music,
movies, clothing fashions, food and
hobbies

36. TV and Mass Media
more people have TV in
the US than
telephones
TV provided window to
the world’s events
Mass Media: TV, radio,
movies (spreads cultures
of other countries)

37. International Elements of
Popular Culture
TV culture affected
popular culture
international sporting
events
international music

38. World Culture Blends Many
Influences
Westerner domination of the
worldwide mass media (ie:
Disney, McDonalds)
Impact: western languages
learned t/o the world
English: emerged as the premier
international language
Materialism= acquiring
material possessions

39. East Comes West/Art
Eastern cultures
spread West (ie:
Islam)
sharing of art,
literature (Nobel
Prize winners)

40. Cultural Clashes
With spreading of culture, some
have feared losing their cultural
identity
Example: French Gov. removed
words from language that were
believed to be “corrupt”
Striving to keep rituals/rites of
passage
Accommodation= level of acceptance
of ideas from another culture

41. Global Interdependence
Nations are beginning
to recognize the
interdependence they
have on each other
Cultures are more
international

42. History of the World in 2 minutes
QuickTime™ and a
decompressor
are needed to see this picture.