The document provides information on Indo-European migrations to India beginning around 1700-1200 BC. It discusses how Indo-European pastoral groups like the Aryans migrated from central Eurasia to places like Anatolia and India. In India, the Aryans established kingdoms and developed the caste system, dividing society into distinct social classes. It also describes how the Hittite Empire rose in Anatolia and how the Aryans transformed India, establishing Vedic culture and sacred texts like the Vedas, Mahabharata, and Bhagavad Gita. The document contains questions for an AP India test focusing on these migrations and their impacts on languages, empires, and social systems

1. Chapter 3: Section 1
Indo-European Migrations

2. Beginnings
● Many nomads were attracted to the Indus Valley’s
agriculture and land

3. Indo-Europeans Migrate
● Indo-Europeans= group of nomadic
peoples who may have come from the
steppes (area from dry grasslands to
Caucasus)
● Caucasus= mountains between the Black
and Caspian Seas
● What did they do/have?
● Pastoral/Herders people (cattle, sheep,
goats)
● Tamed horses and rode them in battle,
chariots
● Lived in tribes, spoke Indo-European
languages

4. Indo-European Languages
● Many languages of
Europe, Southwest Asia
and South Asia trace
their languages back to
Indo-European
languages
● Examples: English,
Spanish, Persian and
Hindi

5. Indo-European Languages

6. An Unexplained Migration
● No one knows why these
people left their homelands in
the steppes
● Began migrating 1700-1200
BC (happened in waves over
an extended period of time)
● Migration= movements of
people from one region to
another

7. The Hittite Empire
● Hittites= group of Indo-
European speaker, occupied
Anatolia (Turkey)
● Hittites combined with other
Hittites city-states! Hittite
Empire (capital= Hattucus)
● Hittites dominated, adopted
and adapted culture of
others

8. Hittites- Technology
● Excelled in the technology of war
● War chariot
● Ironworkers

9. Aryans Transform India
● Aryans= lived somewhere
between the Caspian and
Aral seas
● Vedas= Aryan sacred
literature, 4 collections of
prayers, magical spells and
instructions for performing
rituals
● Vedas was passed on orally

10. A Caste System Develops
● Aryans fought with a people they called the dasas
Aryans Dasa
Taller, lighter
skin, spoke a
different
language, no
written
language,
pastoral
Town
dwellers,
lived in
communities
protected by
walls

11. •Hundreds of
Subdivisions
within the caste
system
Determined
what work you
did, who you
could marry ,
who they could
eat with

12. Caste System
● Varnas= skin
color,
distinguishing
feature of this
system
● Portuguese called
in the varna
system, the caste
system (kasts)

13. Hindu Caste System

14. Caste System- Marking Caste on
Tests?

15. Untouchables

16. Indian Toilet Cleaners Get a New Job

17. Aryan Kingdoms Arise
● Aryans struggled with each other for land ownership
until a major kingdom emerged! Magadha
● Magadha extended, even taken over most of India

18. Mahabharata & Bhagavad Gita
● Mahabharata= epic of
India, reflects on the
struggles that took place in
India as Aryan kings worked
to control Indian lands
● Bhagavad Gita= story of
warrior prince going off to
war

19. AP India Test Questions
●1. The Indo-European peoples
that migrated from the steppes
were mainly (what profession)?

20. ●2. The social class system that
came to be known as the caste
system was established in India by
(who)?

21. ●3. Varnas, the name given to
the different groups of the
original caste system, came
from the word that means

22. ●4. The India epic poem the
Mahabarata, reflects the
struggle (of who/what?)

23. ●5. All of the following
languages are derived from
Indo-European roots
EXCEPT

24. ●6. A long term effect
of the caste system in
India was

25. RELIGIONS OF INDIA
(3:2)

26. Buddhism Hinduism Jainism
1. Beginnings
1. Beliefs
• 4 Noble Truths
• Desires
• 8 Fold Path
• Karma
• Reincarnation
3. Basics (#s, where)
4. Sangha
5. Scriptures
1. Beginnings
1. Sects
1. Beliefs
• Brahman
• Moksha
• Caste System
4. Scriptures
5. Yoga
1. Beginnings
1. Monks
1. Beliefs
2.
1. Gods
1. Scriptures
1. Soul
3:2 NOTES (INDIAN RELIGIONS)

27. BUDDHISM

28. Founder: Siddhartha Gautama
Son of a Indian warrior-king
Gautama renounced his rich life and became a
monk in hopes of comprehending truth
Moment of truth: meditating under a tree where
he had an experience where he understood how
to be free from suffering and achieve salvation.
After this, he was know as Buddha
Buddha= “Enlightened One”
Buddha spent the rest of his life traveling around
India and teaching others
BUDDHISM

29. 4 NOBLE TRUTHS=
LIFE IS ABOUT SUFFERING

30. To a Buddhist, desire= craving pleasure, material
goods, and immorality
Desire can only bring suffering
Desires

32. Karma does NOT refer to
preordained fate
Karma= good or bad actions a
person makes in their lifetime.
When you do good, good
things will come in return. If
you perform bad actions, bad
karma is in store for you
Neutral karma= acts like
breathing, eating or sleeping
KARMA

33. 6 Realms:
▪1. realm of men (free from
conflict of jealously among
the gods)
▪2. realm of demigods
▪3. realm of gods
▪4. realm of animals
▪5. realm of ghosts
▪6. realm of hell (untold
suffering)
Those with positive karma, are
reborn into fortunate realms
REINCARNATION=
REBIRTH

34. REINCARNATION

35. Separated from Hinduism
No personal God or divine being. They are not atheist though, because Buddhist
believe in an impersonal force
No form of redemption, forgiveness, no heavenly hope or a final judgment
Moral philosophy= do good now, and you will be blessed with a higher state
BASICS OF BUDDHISM

36. 376 million Buddhists in the world
(+/- 313, 114, 000 in Asia)
Dominant religion in: China, Japan,
Korea, as well as southeast Asia
Over 200 different sects of
Buddhism
Over 1,000 Buddhist temples,
monasteries and centers in the US
BASICS

37. BUDDHIST TEMPLE IN SALT
LAKE
http://www.slbuddhist.org/ 211 West, 100 South Salt Lake City

38. Sangha= order of the brotherhood (community) who
are monks
Must wear a yellow robe, shave their head and
practice meditation
Goal of Sangha= strive to have the qualities of Buddha
Over 225 regulations which forbid them to do many
things
SANGHA

39. Variety of Buddhist text
Buddhist cannon of scripture= Sanskirt
3 parts:
1. Vinaya Pitaka= disciplinary rules
for Sanghas
2. Sutra Pitaka= discourses by the
Buddha
3. Adhidharma Pitaka= notes on
Buddha’s teachings
BUDDHIST SCRIPTURE

40. HINDUISM

41. One of oldest religions in
world, probably the first
Founder: No specific
founder
Originated with Aryans
tribes who moved to India
and adapted with native
Harrappan people
HINDUISM

42. BASICS OF HINDUISM

43. 900 million members
▪Many sects, some are:
polytheistic (many gods)
monotheistic (one god)
pantheistic (god & universe are
one)
agnostic (unsure if god exists)
atheistic (no god)
GODS?

44. Reincarnation
Caste System
Brahman
(central god or
principle or
universal spirit)
Reach Moksha
(peaceful
escape from
cycle of
reincarnation)
BASIC BELIEFS

45. =ranked society according to occupation
▪ Brahmins (priests)
▪ Kshatriyas (soldiers, king-warrior class)
▪ Vaishyas (merchants, farmers, Sutras laborers,
craftspeople)
▪ Harijahns (“untouchable,” poor)
▪ The caste system was outlawed in 1948, but it still
important to the Hindu people
▪ How would being in a caste system effect your life?
▪ Why do you think people still follow the caste system
even if it was outlawed in 1948?
CASTE SYSTEM

46. Vedas=religious
writings, include, hymns,
sacrificial writings,
teachings, book of laws,
myths, stories, legends
and epics
SCRIPTURES

47. WHAT IS YOGA?

48. JAINISM

49. Founder: Mahaiva, born in 599
B.C., believed that everything in
the universe has a soul and
should not be harmed
One of the oldest religions in the
world
Not a break off of any other
religion
Jains are in 34/35 of the
territories of India, making over 5
million members in India alone
JAINISM

50. Jain monks take
nonviolence seriously,
sweeping ants off the path
and wearing masks to
avoid breathing in insects
Jains seek jobs that do
not harm any creature
(trade and commerce)
Make few efforts to
convert, and do not send
out missionaries, so most
of the members live in
India

51. JAIN TEMPLE ANIMATION

52. Religious Tolerance
Ethical Purity
Harmony between self
and environment
Spiritual Contentment
Karma
Rebirth
Importance of the Soul
BASICS OF JAINISM

53. Jains do not believe in a God or gods
but they believe in divine beings who
are worthy of devotion
GOD

54. Jain’s scriptures=
Agamas
Jain monks and nuns
have to memorize
scriptures because
monks were not
allowed to posses
religious books as
part of their vows
SCRIPTURE

55. The “soul” is called
jiva
=means a
conscious, living
being
The body is just a
“container” for our
souls
When you die, your
jiva, is reborn into
another life until it
achieves liberation
THE
SOUL

56. 1. Using your Pink Indian Religion Chart + the slides
created by each religion group, fill out your chart
2. Turn in chart to inbox today
3. Work on Flash Cards or Study Book Notes
After Lesson: