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AP World: Mongols (12:2) + Mongol Reading Resources
The Mongols, a nomadic people from the Mongolian steppe, conquered much of Asia under the leadership of Genghis Khan in the 13th century. Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes and built a powerful military force that allowed the Mongols to establish the largest contiguous land empire in world history. After Genghis Khan's death, the Mongol Empire was divided into four khanates that were ruled by his descendants and continued expanding the empire's territories to include regions like Korea, Persia, Russia, and parts of Eastern Europe. The Mongol Empire promoted trade and interaction between different peoples during a period of stability known as the Pax Mongolica.
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AP World: Mongols (12:2) + Mongol Reading Resources
- 2. The Mongols & GenghisKhan Chapter 12:2
- 3. THE MONGOLS• Main Idea:EMPIRE BUILDING. The Mongols, a nomadic people from the steppe, conquered settled societies across much of Asia • Why it Matters now? The Mongols built the largest unified land empire in world history
- 4. Setting the Stage: •While the Song Dynasty was prospering, so were the Mongols to the north. • Skilled on horseback, disciplined, ruthless
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- 6. Nomads of theAsian Steppe • Lived in the steppes= dry grasslands across Eurasia • Western steppes home of the Hittites • Eastern steppes home of the Mongols, Turks, Huns (present day Mongolia) • Steppes: – Little rain – Short hardy grass – Temperatures can range from -57 to 96 F (explains why they were nomadic)
- 7. Nomadic Way ofLife • Pastoralists= herded domesticated animals – Constantly on the move looking for good pasture to feed their animals – Did not “wander” but followed a seasonal pattern – Lived on horseback – Lived off animal for food and clothing • Traveled in clans= people who descend from a common ancestor
- 8. Nomads vs. SettledSocieties Nomads Settled Societies •Interaction with settled societies (trade) •Sometimes would raid settled cities for land and wealth •Scarcity and hardship toughness •Once they conquered, sometimes they became the new leadership of the cities •Interaction with nomads (trade) •Lived in fear of raids •If they were strong, they could defend themselves
- 9. Nomad Way ofLife
- 10. Rise of theMongols • Genghis Khan= aka Temujin, “universal leader,” united and organized Mongols, conquered most of Asia
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- 12. Genghis Khan: The Conqueror •1. Brilliant organizer – Organized military in groups • 2. Gifted strategists – Used tricks to confuse his enemies • 3. Used cruelty as a weapon – Examples: raping in front of families, destroying villages, burning crops, decapitate victims, torture
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- 14. The Mongol Empire •Genghis died from illness • Continued to expand after his death created the largest unified land empire in history
- 17. The Khanates • Conquered:Korea, Persia, Venice, Kiev…etc • Divided land among four regions or KHANATES, each ruled by a descendent – Great Khan (Mongolia & China) – Khanate of Chagatai (Central Asia) – Ilkhanate (Persia) – Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia)
- 18. Mongols as Rulers •Destroyed whole population at times • Rarely imposed their beliefs on others • Mongol rulers even adopted aspects of the culture of the people they ruled (example: some became Muslim)
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- 20. The Mongol Peace •Pax Mongolia= Mongol Peace, period of stability and law from the mid-1200s to mid-1300s – Guaranteed safe passage for trade caravans, travelers and missionaries – Trade increased (ideas and inventions spread) (Example: gunpowder reached Europe during this time) • Some historians think that this was the time of the spreading of the bubonic plague
- 21. The Mongol Empire Chapter12:3 • H/W: Chapter 12: Section 3 -The Mongol Empire- • Finish your notes by reading in your textbook and answering the questions in the note guide
- 22. • 1. ReviewDocuments A-H (8 total) • 2. Fill out the organizational chart + answer the 2 review questions after the chart
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- 31. The Mongol Empire Chapter12:3 • H/W: Chapter 12: Section 3 -The Mongol Empire- • Finish your notes by reading in your textbook and answering the questions in the note guide
Editor's Notes
- #3 Notes: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gqmErVSk_wb-a-eQwbyW8USoOksAHZzgoDpnj6OT8w8/edit?usp=sharing
- #8 Each Mongol traveled with 3 extra horses, switched saddles and mounts, so they could stay on the horse for up to 10 days. If food was scarce, they would make a small gash in the horses neck and drink horse’s blood