The document discusses administering medications intravenously through bolus injection or infusion. It describes the terms intravenous and bolus injection, and outlines principles for verifying qualifications, reviewing preparation and administration, identifying effects, and documenting procedures. Potential complications of peripheral intravenous therapy include phlebitis, infiltration, extravasation, hemorrhage, local infection, pulmonary edema, air embolism, catheter embolism, and catheter-related bloodstream infection. Equipment used includes gloves, tourniquet, antiseptic wipes, syringe, cannula, saline, drip set, IV fluid, adhesive plaster, tray, and towel.

1. Administering Medications
By Intravenous Bolus Or
Push Through An
Intravenous Infusion

2. Some medications must be given by
an intravenous (IV) injection or
infusion.
This means they’re sent directly into
your vein using a needle or tube.

3. × The term
“intravenous” means
“into the vein.”

4. × This involves a single injection of a concentrated
solution directly into an IV line.
× Drugs given by IV push are used for intermittent
dosing or to treat emergencies.
× The drug is administered very slowly over at least 1
minute.

5. × This can be done manually or a syringe pump may
be used.

6. Principles:
1: Verify qualifications
for administration
× Are you qualified to
give this medication?
What supervision is
required? What
resources must you
consult?

7. × Review route of
administration and
IV site.
× Can this medication be
given by the IV route?
× Is the route of
administration (needle
insertion site) free from
redness, swelling, and
discomfort?

8. × Review
preparatio
n and how
to
administer
the
medicatio
n.
× Preparation and supplies: is a pre-flush
required?
× Patient identification: any allergies?
× Administration rate: what is the correct rate
of administration (over 1 minute, 5
minutes)?

9. × Identify when
medication starts to
work
× What is the onset,
peak, and duration of
the medication?

10. × Assess dose and
range (e.g., 5 to 10
mg).
× Is the ordered dose
safe?
× When did the patient
last receive this
medication?
× What was the effect of
the medication on the
patient?

11. × Understand the
therapeutic effect.
× What is the expected
therapeutic effect of
the medication?
× What pre-assessment
determines if the
medication is correct
for the patient?

12. × Know adverse
effects.
× What are the potential
adverse effects of the
medications?
× How would you
manage these
adverse effects?
× Is there an antidote?

13. × Document
procedure.
× How and where do
you chart this
medication: pain
assessment sheet,
MAR, etc.

14. Equipments:
× Clean gloves

15. × Tourniquet

16. × Antiseptic Wipes

17. × 5 ml syringe

18. × Cotton swabs

19. × Intravenous
Cannula

20. × Normal Saline

21. × Drip set

22. × IV Fluid

23. × Adhesive plaster
× Tegaderm

25. × IV Fluid label sticker

26. × Kidney tray

27. × Macintosh

28. × Towel

29. 1. Intramuscular injection
2. Intravenous injection
3. Intra osseous injection
4. Intra thecal injection

30. Which principle we are following if; Can this
medication be given by the IV route? Is the
route of administration (needle insertion
site) free from redness, swelling, and
discomfort?
1. Identify when medication starts to work
2. Review preparation and how to administer the
medication.
3. Verify qualifications for administration
4. Review route of administration and IV site.

31. What measures keep in mind, if a
medication is added into the IV fluid?
1. Apply label of medication
2. Instill it with NS
3. The fluid should be half empty
4. The fluid should be full filled

32. Which principle we are following if;
is a pre-flush required?
Patient identification: any allergies?
Administration rate: what is the correct rate of
administration (over 1 minute, 5 minutes)?
1. Identify when medication starts to work
2. Review preparation and how to administer the
medication.
3. Verify qualifications for administration
4. Review route of administration and IV site.

33. Which principle we are following if;
What is the onset, peak, and duration of the
medication?
1. Identify when medication starts to work
2. Review preparation and how to administer the
medication.
3. Verify qualifications for administration
4. Review route of administration and IV site

34. Types of
Venous Access

35. 1.
Peripheral IV access

38. 2.
central venous catheters.

40. Lists The Local
Complications OF
Peripheral IV
Therapy

41. Phlebitis
× Phlebitis is the
inflammation of the vein’s
inner lining, the tunica
intima.
× Clinical indications are
localized redness, pain,
heat, and swelling, which
can track up the vein
leading to a palpable

42. Infiltration
× Infiltration occurs when a non-vesicant
solution (IV solution) is inadvertently
administered into surrounding tissue.
× Signs and symptoms include pain, swelling,
redness, skin surrounding insertion site is
cool to touch, change in quality or flow of IV,
tight skin around IV site, IV fluid leaking from
IV site, and frequent alarms on the IV pump.

44. × Extravasation occurs when vesicant solution
(medication) is administered and inadvertently leaks
into surrounding tissue, causing damage to
surrounding tissue.
× Characterized by the same signs and symptoms as
infiltration but also includes burning, stinging,
redness, blistering, or necrosis of the tissue.

46. × Hemorrhage is defined as bleeding from the
puncture site.

47. Local infection at IV site
× Local infection is indicated by purulent drainage
from site, usually two to three days after an IV
site is started

48. Systemic
Complications of
Peripheral IV
Therapy

49. × Pulmonary edema, also known as fluid
overload or circulatory overload, is a condition
caused by excess fluid accumulation in the
lungs, due to excessive fluid in the circulatory
system.

51. × Air embolism refers to the presence of air
in the vascular system and occurs when
air is introduced into the venous system
and travels to the right ventricle and/or
pulmonary circulation.

53. × A catheter embolism occurs when a small
part of the cannula breaks off and flows into
the vascular system.

54. Catheter-related bloodstream infection
× Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CR-
BSI) is caused by microorganisms that are
introduced into the blood through the puncture
site, the hub, or contaminated IV tubing or IV
solution, leading to bacteremia or sepsis.

55. × when a small part of the cannula breaks off and
flows into the vascular system. IT IS TERMED
AS??
1. Air embolism
2. Catheter embolism
3. Thrombus
4. Embolie

56. × presence of air in the vascular system and
occurs when air is introduced into the venous
system IT IS TERMED AS??
1. Air embolism
2. Catheter embolism
3. Thrombus
4. Embolie

57. × condition caused by excess fluid accumulation
in the lungs, due to excessive fluid in the
circulatory system. Termed as? Air embolism
1. Haemorrhage
2. Thrombus
3. Phlebitis
4. Pulmonary oedema

58. × inflammation of the vein’s inner lining, the tunica
intima is known as???
1. Haemorrhage
2. Thrombus
3. Phlebitis
4. Pulmonary oedema

59. × Bleeding from the puncture site is known as?
1. Hemorrhage
2. Thrombus
3. Phlebitis
4. Pulmonary oedema