INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
IM Injection (Introduction, Definition, Purpose, Technique, Rights of Medication, Z-Track Method, Equipment, Procedure and Responsibilities)..
The intramuscular injection is most common type of drug administration. Because of a single mistake we can do harm to our patient. So, we should know about the right way to administer IM injection. Here, in this slides we discuss details about the topic. It will increase your skill proficiently.
Thanks
INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION
IM Injection (Introduction, Definition, Purpose, Technique, Rights of Medication, Z-Track Method, Equipment, Procedure and Responsibilities)..
The intramuscular injection is most common type of drug administration. Because of a single mistake we can do harm to our patient. So, we should know about the right way to administer IM injection. Here, in this slides we discuss details about the topic. It will increase your skill proficiently.
Thanks
Injections, also known as shots, deliver liquid medications, fluids, or nutrients directly into a person’s body. A healthcare professional can use injections to administer vaccines and other types of medications into a person’s vein, muscle, skin, or bone.
Details about subcutaneous injection. We know about subcutaneous injection but do we know about the right information? Maybe you know, I here try to upgrade your current knowledge about the topic. Here, we discuss about the indications, contraindications, precautions, procedure, nursing care plan of subcutaneous injection, complications and many more. Feel free to learn.
Thanks
Parenteral route of Medication Administration. In this Intramuscular & Intravenous Injection is a part, here Explained about the sites, needed articles, Indication, Contra Indication, Complications & step wise Procedure was explained.
Injections, also known as shots, deliver liquid medications, fluids, or nutrients directly into a person’s body. A healthcare professional can use injections to administer vaccines and other types of medications into a person’s vein, muscle, skin, or bone.
Details about subcutaneous injection. We know about subcutaneous injection but do we know about the right information? Maybe you know, I here try to upgrade your current knowledge about the topic. Here, we discuss about the indications, contraindications, precautions, procedure, nursing care plan of subcutaneous injection, complications and many more. Feel free to learn.
Thanks
Parenteral route of Medication Administration. In this Intramuscular & Intravenous Injection is a part, here Explained about the sites, needed articles, Indication, Contra Indication, Complications & step wise Procedure was explained.
IM injections is an important skill needed for nurses to front-line in their job. this power-point gives all needed information for the students to learn about intramuscular administration of drugs.
Intramuscular injection, often abbreviated IM, is the injection of a substance into a muscle. In medicine, it is one of several methods for parenteral administration of medications. Intramuscular injection may be preferred because muscles have larger and more numerous blood vessels than subcutaneous tissue, leading to faster absorption than subcutaneous or intradermal injections. Medication administered via intramuscular injection is not subject to the first-pass metabolism effect which affects oral medications.
THIS VIDEO EXPLAINS ABOUT VITAMIN A IN EASY WAY
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Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
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CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
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2. DEFINITION:
Intramuscular injections
are a common yet
complex technique used
to deliver medication
deep into the large
muscles of the body. It
may be for curative,
diagnostic or
recreational
purpose.
Intramuscular
injection is
define as
introduction of
medicine into
the muscle in
form of solution
3. PURPOSE
To obtain good effect of medicine than is obtained by oral
medications.
Assures that the total dosage will be administered and the same
will be absorbed for the systemic action of the drug.
The medicines that is not suitable for intravenous
administration.
5. PRECAUTIONS
Careful consideration in deciding which injectable route is to be
used for the prescribed medication is essential.
The intramuscular route should not be used in cases where
muscle size and condition is not adequate to support sufficient
uptake of the drug.
6. CONTI..
Intramuscular injection should be avoided if other routes of
administration, especially oral, can be used to provide a
comparable level of absorption and effect in any given
individual's situation and condition.
Intramuscular injections should not be given at a site where there
is any indication of pain .
7. General Instructions
Give injections only on the doctor’s written orders .
Follow strict aseptic techniques.
Syringes and needles used for injections should be kept
separate from those used for other purpose.
Always have the syringe and needles in good order.
Change the needle after withdrawing the drug from the
rubber stopped container before giving injection to the
patient.
Observe the five rights of the administration of medicines.
8. Never use a drug whose expiry date is over.
Always have a patient relaxed and placed in a comfortable position.
Never allow the patient to walk soon after the injection
Always give a test dose in case of penicillin and all types of sera.
Expel the air from the syringe before the injection .
Rotate the site for patients getting insulin to prevent lip dystrophy.
Use correct technique of injection – The needle inserted gently and
quickly and the drug injected slowly.
CONTI.
9. After inserting the needle always withdraw the piston to make sure that it is
not in a blood vessel in case of intramuscular and subcutaneous injections.
Solution for injection should be clear , sterile , nearly neutral in reaction.
Massage the area at the site of injection except in case of intradermal
injections
Injection should be charted immediately
CONTI..
11. ARTICLES
S.No. Name of the article Rationale
1. A tray containing
Sterile syringes and needles of various sizes
To deliver a certain volume `of
drugs depending on the route of
administration.
2. Transferring forceps to an antiseptic lotion To handle sterile swabs
3. Sterile cotton swabs/gauze pieces in a sterile container. To clean the site before giving
injection
4. A bowl with water and an antiseptic solution To rinse the glass syringes ,
needles and to put the disposable
syringes.
5. Sterile water for injection To dissolve powder form of drugs.
6. Drug ordered. To administer drug to the patient .
7. Ampule file To cut open the ampule and open
the vial.
8. Knife dish (sterile,small covered tray) To carry the prepared medicine to
the patient.
9. A puncture proof container To dispose off the needles.
10. A kidney tray and a paper bag. To dispose off the swabs, ampoules
and vials
12. PREPARATION OF PATIENT
Perform hand hygiene
Use two patient identifiers to confirm patient.
Assess the patient’s symptoms, knowledge of the medication to be
received, history of allergies, drug allergies, and types of allergic
reactions. Assess for any factors that may contraindicate an IM
injection
Close curtains or door.
Explain the procedure and the medication, and give the patient time to
ask questions.
Wear non-sterile gloves and prepare the patient in the correct position.
Ensure a sharps disposal container is close by for disposal of needle
after administration.
13. STEPS OF PROCEDURE:
S.
No.
Steps of procedure Rationale Scientific
principles
Nursing
principles
1 Wash hands To reduce transmission
of injection
Microbiology Safety
2 Check medication with
the drug ordered
To ensure that a right
drug dosage is
prepared.
Safety
3 Explanation to the patient To allay anxiety Psychology Comfort
individuality
4 Wear gloves To prevent cross
infection
Microbiology Safety
therapeutic
effectiveness
5. Identify the client again by
asking the name and
checking records
To ensure accuracy,
Double check is necessary
before drug
administration
Psychology
Safety
14. 6. Lie flat onside, prone or sitting position To make the patient
comfortable
Anatomy and
physiology
Safety and
comfort
Therapeutic
effectiveness
.
7. Clean the site with an antiseptic swab
at the centre of the site and rotate
onwards in a circular motion .
Mechanical action of swab
removes dirt and
microorganisms
Physics and
microbiology
chemistry
Safety
8. Hold the swab between the third and
4th
finger of non dominant hand.
Swab can be used after the
injection for massaging
Physics Economy of
material
9. Remove needle cover straight To prevent the contamination
of the needle, bevel, shaft
Microbiology Safety
10
.
Hold the syringe correctly between the
thumb and fingers of the dominant
hand
Quicker and smooth insertion
of the needle proper
manipulation of the syringe.
Anatomy and
physiology
Safety and
comfort of
the patient.
CONTI...
15. 13
.
Move the dominant hand to the piston.
Pull back the syringe to see if there is
any blood. If blood appears, remove the
needle ,discard medicine and prepare
gain If no blood appears push the
medicine slowly
It shows that the needle has
punctured a vein and IM is
not given through vein.
Anatomy and
physiology
Comfort,
Safety, and
therapeutic
effectiveness
14
.
Remove the needle quickly and
smoothly, massage the site
To prevent injury, helps in
easy absorption, stimulates
circulation and improves drug
distribution
Anatomy and
physiology
Comfort,
Safety, and
therapeutic
effectiveness
11
.
Insert the needle quickly at 90 degree
angle.
Ensures needle reaches
muscle
Anatomy and
physiology
Comfort and
safety.
12
.
After needle insertion, in case of
intramuscular grab the lower end of the
syringe barrel with the non-dominant
hand(in the hub of the needle)
Proper manipulation of the
syringe and needle prevents
injury.
Anatomy and
physiology
Comfort and
safety
CONTI...
16. Conti.
15. Assist the client to assume a
comfortable position.
To give a sense of
well-being
Psychology Comfort
16. Discard the needle and syringe in
an appropriate container.
To prevent reuse of
of the needle and
syringe
Microbiology Safety
17. Remove gloves and wash hands To reduce
transmission of
microorganisms
Microbiology Safety
18. Record in the medicine chart and
the nurse’s record by the writing
the name of the patient, medicine,
dose, route, site and time with
signature
To prevent error and
ensure accuracy
Microbiology Safety
18. PROCEDURE-VENTRO GLUTEAL
1.Place patient on side-lying position, bent the knees and
raise it slightlyto chest.(use alternate hands for hips).
2.Place the nurses heel of hand over the greater
trochanter of patient with fingers pointing towards head
of patient.
3.Index finger should rest on anterior superior iliac
spine, middle finger stretched dorsally.
4.Midpoint of triangle formed between index finger
,middle finger and iliac crest is the site.
19. ADVANTAGES OF VENTROGLUTEAL
SITE
1.No large nerves or blood vessels in this area.
2.Provides greatest thickness of gluteal muscles.
3.It is sealed off by bone.
4.Contains less consistency fat than buttock
area.
5.Most suitable for adults and children over 1 yr
22. DORSO GLUTEAL SITE
◦It is composed of the thick gluteal muscles of the
buttocks.
CONTRA-INDICATION
◦Not used for children below 3 years ,because these
muscles are developed by walking.
23. PROCEDURE FOR DORSOGLUTEAL
1.Patient is positioned in prone position with toes facing
inwards or side-lying position with upper knee flexed
and in front of the lower leg.
2.Palpate the posterior superior iliac spine and draw an
imaginary line to the greater trochanter.(This line is parallel
and lateral to the sciatic nerve ).
3.Injection site is parallel and superior to this site.
25. VASTUS LATERALIS
◦It is thick and well developed in both adults and children.
◦The area is divide into 3 parts from the greater trochanter of femur and
lateral femoral condyle.
◦The middle third is injection site.
26.
27. It is found in the lateral aspect of
the upper arm.
28. PROCEDURE FOR DELTOID SITE
1.Place 4 fingers over the deltoid muscle,first
finger over the acromion process.
2.Top of axilla is the line that marks the lower
border.
3.Triangle formed between these boundaries
is
the site for injection.
29. RECTUS FEMORIS
◦IT BELONGS TO THE QUADRICEPS
GROUP OF MUSCLES.IT IS SITUATED
IN THE ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE
THIGH
31. AFTER CARE OF ARTICLES:
Dismantle all the articles in an appropriate manner.
Wash the kidney tray and place it in the cupboard
Knife dish is washed and sent for autoclaving.
32. AFTER CARE OF PATIENT:
Monitor for signs of localized redness, swelling, bleeding, or
inflammation at injection site.
Observe the patient for at least 15 minutes following the injection
for signs of reaction to the drug.
33. INDICATIONS
•Muscles have more blood supply ,so
quicker action of drugs.
•More amount of drug can be administered
than the intradermal and subcutaneous
tissue.
34. CONTRA-INDICATIONS
•Avoid sites of lesions, lumps, tissue
injury,presence of nodules other pathology.
•Avoid sites near to large blood vessels,
nerves and bones.