This document discusses intravenous injection (IV), which delivers liquid substances directly into a vein. IV injection allows for fast action of medications and fluid replacement throughout the body. It defines IV injection as introducing a small quantity of drug into a vein via venous puncture. The purposes of IV injection are to have a fast drug action during emergencies, administer irritating or ineffective oral medications, and have drug actions on the bloodstream. Potential complications include infiltration, hematoma, air embolism, and allergic reactions.

2. INTRAVENOUS INJECTION
BY,
PREETI SHARMA
M.Sc. NURSING 1ST YR.

3. INTRODUCTION
Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers
liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven-
+ -ous). The intravenous route of administration
can be used for injections (with a syringe at higher
pressures) or infusions (typically using only the
pressure supplied by gravity). Intravenous infusions
are commonly referred to as drips. The intravenous
route is the fastest way to deliver medications and
fluid replacement throughout the body.

4. DEFINITION
Intravenous injection is the introduction of the
small quantity of the drug into the vein by venous
puncture. Introduction of the medicine directly
into the blood stream is called intravenous
injection.

5. PURPOSE
• To have fast action of the drug as in
emergency.
• To give medications that are irritating or
ineffective when given by other routes.
• To have the actions of medicines on the
blood stream or the blood vessels.

6. COMMON SITES OF IV INJECTION
• Ventral aspect of elbow or forearm median cubical,
basilica or cephalic veins.
• Dorsal aspect of hand – brachial, cephalic or
metacarpal veins. In the infants the scalp vein is
used.

9. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
• Expel the air from the syringe before giving the
injection by upholding it in upright position and
gently pressing the piston until a drop of solution
comes to the tip of the needle.
• Always dissolve the drug in correct amount of
fluid to minimize the risk of adverse effect of the
medicine.
• Observe the patient closely for the signs of
adverse reaction of the medicine and have
emergency drugs and the antidote in hand while
injecting the medicine.

10. Cont..
• Do not give the medicine if the injection site
shows any edema or iv solution is not
following properly to avoid accidental
administration of medicine into the
surrounding tissues.
• When giving iron preparation always confirms
that the patient is not sensitive to it by giving a
test dose.

11. TYPE OF IV ADMINISTRATION
• Adding the medicine in iv solution bottle
(intravenous infusion)
• Existing iv line for continuous infusion.
• Bolus-direct iv push for immediate or fast action.
SELECTION OF SYRINGE AND NEEDLE
• The size of syringe used for iv infusion depends
upon the amount of fluids to be injected.
• Size of the needle used are 18 to 21 gauge or 1 to 2
inches.

13. PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT
CHECK
• The diagnosis and age of the patient.
• The purpose of injection.
• The doctors order for the type, dosage, time and
route of administration.
• The patient’s name and bed number.
• The nurses record to find out the time at which the
last dose was given.
• The symptoms of over dose or allergic reaction.
• The form of the medicine available and correct
method of administration.

14. EQUIPMENT
A TRAY CONTAINING:
• Syringe and needles of various sizes according to
the need in a covered tray (sterile).
• Transfer forceps in a jar containing antiseptic
solution.
• Sterile cotton swabs and gauze pieces in sterile
containers.
• Methylated spirit in a container.
• Bowl with water
• Tourniquet

15. Cont..
• Water for injection.
• Drug order sheet.
• File to cut open the ampoules.
• Small covered tray (sterile).

16. PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT
AND ENVIRONMENT
• Identify the patient correctly
• Explain the procedure to the patient
• Provide privacy
• Place the patient in comfortable and relaxed
position suitable of iv injection.
• Select a site suitable for the route of
administration, quantity of medication to be given,
and characteristics of medication.

17. PROCEDURE
• Read the doctors order and select the
medication
• Wash hands
• Select appropriate syringe and needle and check
whether they are in good working order
• Recheck the order, medicine card with the label
of the medicine, expiry date, etc
• Mix well and take out the required amount of
solution in the syringe
• Apply a tourniquet on the upper arm

18. Cont..
• Ask the patient to clench and unclench the hand
• Pull the skin taut and place the needle in line
• with vein at a 15 to 45 degree angle
• Insert the needle a bit below the point where the
needle will pierce the vein.
• When the back flow of blood occurs into the
syringe release the tourniquet and inject the
medicine very slowly
• Pressure with swab at the puncture site after the
needle is withdrawn.

19. AFTER CARE
• Provide the patient comfortable position
• Observe the area for bleeding if bleeding occurs
apply pressure but do not massage
• Wash hands
• Replace all the articles and dispose off the
disposable articles
• Ask the patient to take rest at least 15 to 30 minutes
so that you can observe him for any reaction
• Observe the patient for any allergic reaction
• Do proper recording and reporting maintain
medication chart

20. ADVANTAGES OF IV INJECTION
• The therapeutic effect of the drug is seen as
soon as it is administered to the patient.
• IV medication also increases the chances of
removal of toxins from the body cells,
accelerating the healing process
• It also prevents the growth and spread of
cancerous cells. Chemotherapy is given through
IV route so that the drug can move about the
body and destroy the harmful cancerous cell.

21. DISADVANTAGES OF IV INJECTION
• Very slim chances of drug recall, when the drug
given to patient shows adverse effect
• As the drug moves towards the target area quicker
than the other methods the concentration of the red
blood cells present in the area can get dilated leading
to anemia.
• IV medications sometimes causes precipitate
formation that causes embolism myocardial damage.

22. CONTRAINDICATION FOR IV
INJECTION
FLIP CHART

23. COMPLICATIONS WITH
INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS
• Infiltration
• Hematoma
• Air embolism
• Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis
• Extravascular injection
• Intra-arterial injection
• Allergic reaction
• Sepsis
• Speed shock

24. SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
• Veins are the blood vessels which carry the blood
from peripheral tissues towards heart.
• Skin is a soft flexible, membranous covering & is
continuous at the natural orifices with the mucus
membrane.
MICROBIOLOGY
• The nurse must wash her hands before & after
procedure to prevent cross infections.

25. Cont…
• All equipment used for the care should be clean to
prevent cross infection.
PHYSICS & CHEMISTRY
• Spirit is used to disinfect the skin and it is also a
cleansing agent.
• Antiseptic solution used to disinfectant.
PSYCHOLOGY
• Relieve the anxiety of the patient by explaining
what the procedure is, what she is going to do.
• Provide privacy by screening.

26. NURSING RESPONSIBILITY
• To verify meds and dosage against the patient's chart
and ascertain if the prescribed injection will be
harmful or the prescription is misstated, and to make
certain the med prescribed is viable for injection site
• To make sure the injection site is sterile.
• To ascertain if the injection site is viable
• To make sure the volume of the injection is
compatible with the site of injection.

27. Cont..
• To maintain sterile field and bandage properly
post injection
• To monitor patient's reaction post injection to
RO anaphylactic or synergistic drug reaction.
• To do proper reporting and recording

28. CONCLUSION
Medications given by IV are usually
administered intermittently to treat emergent
concerns. Medications administered by direct IV
route are given very slowly over Atleast 1 minute.
Administering a medication intravenously
eliminates the process of drug absorption and
breakdown by directly depositing it into the blood.
This results in the immediate elevation of serum
levels and high concentration in vital organs, such as
the heart, brain, and kidneys. Both therapeutic and
adverse effects can occur quickly with direct
intravenous administration.