Artificial Insemination Experiences in EthiopiaILRI
Presentation by Emiru Zewudie (ALPPIS) to Ethiopian Fodder Roundtable on Effective Delivery of Input Services to Livestock Development, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2010
Advances in vitamin & mineral nutrition in livestockRameswar Panda
feeding management cannot be ignored under any circumstances. This presentation depicts the tangential and burning points related to the role and significance of Vitamins and minerals for the livestock
Impact of climate change on livestock reproduction and its ameliorative measuresDrSapunii Hanah
Climate directly or indirectly has a great impact on livestock production and reproduction such as estrus cycle, follicular growth, fertility, semen production etc. However, there is always a way to tackle the problem by implementing scientific housing system, nutritional intervention etc
Experiences of Private Artificial Insemination Services in EthiopiaILRI
Presentation by Desalegn GebreMedhin (EMDTI) to the Ethiopian Fodder Roundtable on Effective Delivery of Input Services to Livestock Development, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2010
Artificial Insemination Experiences in EthiopiaILRI
Presentation by Emiru Zewudie (ALPPIS) to Ethiopian Fodder Roundtable on Effective Delivery of Input Services to Livestock Development, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2010
Advances in vitamin & mineral nutrition in livestockRameswar Panda
feeding management cannot be ignored under any circumstances. This presentation depicts the tangential and burning points related to the role and significance of Vitamins and minerals for the livestock
Impact of climate change on livestock reproduction and its ameliorative measuresDrSapunii Hanah
Climate directly or indirectly has a great impact on livestock production and reproduction such as estrus cycle, follicular growth, fertility, semen production etc. However, there is always a way to tackle the problem by implementing scientific housing system, nutritional intervention etc
Experiences of Private Artificial Insemination Services in EthiopiaILRI
Presentation by Desalegn GebreMedhin (EMDTI) to the Ethiopian Fodder Roundtable on Effective Delivery of Input Services to Livestock Development, Addis Ababa, 22 June 2010
Dairy value chain actors and their roles and linkages in Arsi Highlands, Ethi...ILRI
Presented by Mesay Yami (EIAR Kulumsa Agricultural Research Centre) at the Africa-RISING Quick Feed Project Inception Workshop, Addis Ababa, 7-8 May 2012
Ethiopian Livestock Master Plan (LMP): Roadmaps for growth and transformation...ILRI
Poster prepared by Solomon Desta, Kidus Nigussie, and Barry Shapiro for the ILRI@40 Workshop, Addis Ababa, 7 November 2014
The Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) needs qualitative and fact-based livestock sector model and analysis to design a Livestock Master Plan (LMP) as part of the government’s wider growth and transformation plan II, covering the period 2015-2020.
Presentation by Mario Herrero, Philip Thornton and Iain Wright to Workshop on climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the livestock sector, Kathmandu, Nepal, 28-29 October 2010.
Presented by Pauline Kariuki, Kenya Poultry Farmers Association, at the FAO-ILRI Regional Training Workshop on Proven Livestock Technologies, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 3-5 December 2018
This slides contains information on precision feeding in dairy cattle and requirement of energy, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins of a dairy cattle during lactation. Precision feeding protects reproductive health and milk production while reducing the nutrient loss in manure.
Only 25-35% of the N in feed goes into milk, with the rest excreted in feces and urine.
Dairy diets often have 120-160% of the P and that the excess is excreted in the manure.
Cost of feed can be reduced.
Precision feeding helps to improve water quality
Improving the efficiency of use of feed N.
Reduce SARA condition.
Controlled-release urea in dairy cattle feed.
Straw treatment-Ammoniation.
Reducing Enteric Methane Losses from Ruminant Livestock.
Phase feeding in dairy cattle.
Feeding bypass fat in early lactation.
Use of chelated minerals in dairy animals.
Nutraceuticals in dairy animal precision feeding.
10. Use of area specific mineral mixture to precise dairy animal nutrition.
11. TMR in precision nutrition.
12. Manipulation of dietary CAD.
Five distinct feeding phases can be defined to attain optimum production, reproduction and health of dairy cows:
Early lactation—0 to 70 days (peak milk production) after calving (postpartum).
Peak DM intake—70 to 140 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Mid and late lactation—140 to 305 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Dry period—60 days before the next lactation.
Transition or close-up period—14 days before to parturition.
Feed top quality forage.
Make sure the diet contains adequate amounts of CP, DIP and UIP.
Increase grain intake at a constant rate after calving.
Consider adding fat (0.4-0.6 kg/cow/day) to diets.
Allow constant access to feed.
Minimize stress conditions.
Limit urea to 80-160g/day.
Buffers, such as Na bicarbonate alone or in combination with Mg oxide (rumen pH)
In Transition period
Increase grain feeding, so cows are consuming 4.5-6 kg grain/day at calving (1% of B.wt)
Increase protein in the ration to between 14 - 15 % of the ration DM
Limit fat in the ration to 0.1kg. High fat feeding will depress DM intake.
Maintain 2.5-4kg of long hay in the ration to stimulate rumination.
Feed a low-Ca ration (< 0.20%, reduce Ca intake to 14 to 18 g/d)
Also, feed a diet with a negative dietary electrolyte balance (-10 to -15meq/100 g DM) may alleviate milk fever problems
Niacin (to control ketosis) and/or anionic salts (to help prevent milk fever) should be included in the ration during this period.
Priority areas of livestock sector for strengthening food and nutrition secur...ILRI
Presented by Tek B. Gurung and Bimal K. Nirmal at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Manipulations of rumen function that can augment livestock productivity are;
Correction of concentrate to roughage ratio
Feed bypass or escaped nutrients
Defaunation of rumen
Use of yeast as probiotics
Use of anaerobic fungi
Use of other feed additives
Dairy value chain actors and their roles and linkages in Arsi Highlands, Ethi...ILRI
Presented by Mesay Yami (EIAR Kulumsa Agricultural Research Centre) at the Africa-RISING Quick Feed Project Inception Workshop, Addis Ababa, 7-8 May 2012
Ethiopian Livestock Master Plan (LMP): Roadmaps for growth and transformation...ILRI
Poster prepared by Solomon Desta, Kidus Nigussie, and Barry Shapiro for the ILRI@40 Workshop, Addis Ababa, 7 November 2014
The Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) needs qualitative and fact-based livestock sector model and analysis to design a Livestock Master Plan (LMP) as part of the government’s wider growth and transformation plan II, covering the period 2015-2020.
Presentation by Mario Herrero, Philip Thornton and Iain Wright to Workshop on climate change vulnerability and adaptation in the livestock sector, Kathmandu, Nepal, 28-29 October 2010.
Presented by Pauline Kariuki, Kenya Poultry Farmers Association, at the FAO-ILRI Regional Training Workshop on Proven Livestock Technologies, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 3-5 December 2018
This slides contains information on precision feeding in dairy cattle and requirement of energy, protein, fat, minerals and vitamins of a dairy cattle during lactation. Precision feeding protects reproductive health and milk production while reducing the nutrient loss in manure.
Only 25-35% of the N in feed goes into milk, with the rest excreted in feces and urine.
Dairy diets often have 120-160% of the P and that the excess is excreted in the manure.
Cost of feed can be reduced.
Precision feeding helps to improve water quality
Improving the efficiency of use of feed N.
Reduce SARA condition.
Controlled-release urea in dairy cattle feed.
Straw treatment-Ammoniation.
Reducing Enteric Methane Losses from Ruminant Livestock.
Phase feeding in dairy cattle.
Feeding bypass fat in early lactation.
Use of chelated minerals in dairy animals.
Nutraceuticals in dairy animal precision feeding.
10. Use of area specific mineral mixture to precise dairy animal nutrition.
11. TMR in precision nutrition.
12. Manipulation of dietary CAD.
Five distinct feeding phases can be defined to attain optimum production, reproduction and health of dairy cows:
Early lactation—0 to 70 days (peak milk production) after calving (postpartum).
Peak DM intake—70 to 140 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Mid and late lactation—140 to 305 days (declining milk production) postpartum.
Dry period—60 days before the next lactation.
Transition or close-up period—14 days before to parturition.
Feed top quality forage.
Make sure the diet contains adequate amounts of CP, DIP and UIP.
Increase grain intake at a constant rate after calving.
Consider adding fat (0.4-0.6 kg/cow/day) to diets.
Allow constant access to feed.
Minimize stress conditions.
Limit urea to 80-160g/day.
Buffers, such as Na bicarbonate alone or in combination with Mg oxide (rumen pH)
In Transition period
Increase grain feeding, so cows are consuming 4.5-6 kg grain/day at calving (1% of B.wt)
Increase protein in the ration to between 14 - 15 % of the ration DM
Limit fat in the ration to 0.1kg. High fat feeding will depress DM intake.
Maintain 2.5-4kg of long hay in the ration to stimulate rumination.
Feed a low-Ca ration (< 0.20%, reduce Ca intake to 14 to 18 g/d)
Also, feed a diet with a negative dietary electrolyte balance (-10 to -15meq/100 g DM) may alleviate milk fever problems
Niacin (to control ketosis) and/or anionic salts (to help prevent milk fever) should be included in the ration during this period.
Priority areas of livestock sector for strengthening food and nutrition secur...ILRI
Presented by Tek B. Gurung and Bimal K. Nirmal at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Manipulations of rumen function that can augment livestock productivity are;
Correction of concentrate to roughage ratio
Feed bypass or escaped nutrients
Defaunation of rumen
Use of yeast as probiotics
Use of anaerobic fungi
Use of other feed additives
Presented by Getnet Assefa (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research) at the Third ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Abuja, Nigeria, 2 December 2016
Dairy business hubs as collective action in enhancing competitiveness of smal...ILRI
Presented by Irungu R., Maiteri J. and Ndegwa J.M. at the Conference on Policies for Competitive Smallholder Livestock Production, Gaborone, Botswana, 4-6 March 2015
Geospatial technology in animal health deliveryILRI
Presented by Catherine Pfeifer at the Workshop on the Delivery of Animal Health Services in Extensive Livestock Production Systems, Nairobi, 9-10 March 2017
Introducing the Accelerated Value Chain Development (AVCD) in Kenya project: ...ILRI
Presented by Henry Kiara, ILRI, at the Workshop on the Delivery of Animal Health Services in Extensive Livestock Production Systems, Nairobi, 9-10 March 2017
Ways to improve Social enterpreurship in Ethiopian Dairy Farming Daniel Temesgen Gelan
Improve Dairy extension services for farmers on quality milk production and animal health care
Focus on youth Entrepreneurship in dairy (Youth movement in dairy reduced antibiotic use/organic farming )
Maziwa Zaidi—Tanzania dairy value chain development programILRI
Presented by Amos Omore Iat the Workshop on Scaling up the Delivery of ITM in Tanzania through Facilitation of the ITM Value Chain, Bagamoyo, 28-29 September 2015
Alternatives to improve field AI delivery system to enhance beef and dairy sy...ILRI
Presented by Asrat Tera at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
“Dairy Enhancement in Eastern Province of Sri-Lanka”, presented by U.L. Jaufer, Land O’ Lakes, Sri Lanka at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Opportunities for improving dairy production in Burundi: Experience from the ...ILRI
Presented by Julie Ojango and Chinyere Ekine-Dzivenu at the Workshop on sustainable development of Burundi's dairy sector--Partners of the regional integrated agricultural development in the great lakes (PRDAIGL) project workshop, Burundi, 2–3 November 2022
1. National level – stakeholder processes ongoing or coming soon
2. Donor collaboration – thematic priorities
affirmed by IADG meeting Sept 16-18
followed up by lead agency per theme
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in East Africa focus on dairyILRI
Presentation by Amos Omore at a webinar held to highlight opportunities and initiatives for the development of sustainable dairy farm systems in East Africa 1 June 2021
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
2. PAID (2016-2021)
Gates-funded project in Ethiopia and Tanzania targeting:
PAID will establish financially sustainable private channels and more efficient and
effective government channels for delivery of improved local and imported
genetics in Ethiopia and Tanzania
800 AI Technicians are expected to deliver
1.8 million AI Services
Increase dairy
productivity
Public private
partnerships
farmers
225,000
women
70%
3. Geographic location and partners
Ethiopia
Smaller PPPs –
command
economy – rapid
growth
49M cattle < 1%
Tanzania
PPP with
multinationals
and gov support
21M cattle < 3%
4. Outcome 1
Public-private
partnerships for
delivery of
improved
genetics to
smallholder
farmers
21M cattle < 3%
Outcome 2
Increase
adoption of AI
and other
advanced
reproductive and
value-add
services
21M cattle < 3%
Outcome 3
NAICs produce
and distribute
high quality
viable semen
Project goals
7. Education: Feed & fodder availability
Fodder production and water
PAID extension service &
education
8. Education on animal health: Educate farmers
Equip AI techs to educate
farmers in animal health
Performance monitoring
system
9. BMGF Investments & associated program ADGG
• Establishing national breed registry
• Identify productive parent stock (bull dams & bulls)
• Establish breeding policy and plan
• Establish performance collection & feedback system
Africa Dairy
Genetic Gains
(ADGG)
• Improve quality of service providers
• Improve cow readiness to breed
• Improve quality of inputs and supply chain management
Public Private
Partnership for AI
Delivery (PAID)
10. Dynamic Challenges: The real issues!
TANZANIA ETHIOPIA
Establishing a local partnership.
Difficulties faced by multi national
company. Registered, partnered with
local company. Cash-not forthcoming/
government/previous issues
NAIC. Total Government, but no regular
budget support. Equipment and bulls
unavailable.
Access to finance by private
entrepreneurs encouraged, but deposit
base low, lack of knowledge on
financing AI industry and smallholders.
Government is a partner, but LOL is
seen in the light of previous history
(USAID) - expect budget on some
issues, time.
Command economy
Political unrest result in delays
Subsidies not viable for private
sector, threat to sustainability of this
program.
11. Continued challenges
Responsible Management
Expectations. Aid program. Farmers.
Distances and no concentration of
smallholders requiring AI. (viability)
Markets for milk will drive the process
for AI. Slow to develop and traditional
consumption
Investment into Dairy Sector limited
Farmer knowledge. Feed systems and
Animal Health, go hand in hand with
Improving Genetics.
12. The challenge: Dairy demand is higher than supply
Dairy cows producing
2-4 liters of milk per day
13. Goal: More productive dairy cows
Smallholder ``pull`` to
demand AI services
Improve genetics: Milk yields and markets will drive
smallholder farmer to want AI with improved genetics
PAID partners to train AI technicians
Smallholder ``pull`` to demand AI services
Improve genetics: Milk yields and markets will drive smallholder farmer to want AI with improved genetics PAID partners to train AI technicians
Ambition of 70% women
Geographic Regions (where) ; Potential; And Prime Partners
ETHIOPIA GOVERNMENT 4 Regions PRIME PARTNER & SMALLER PILOT PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERS.
Very much a Command Economy - rapid growth.
Potential 49 Million Cattle with < 1% improved Cross Breeds. Economy –high growth.
TANZANIA 5 Regions PVT SECTOR PRIME PARTNER
Potential - 21 Million Cattle < 3 % improved Cross Breeds , improving economy with rapid GDP growth
Component 1 has to be through public private partnerships to achieve improved quality and efficiency in genetics to small holder farmers.
Component 2. Increasing Farmer understanding and adoption of AI. BUT this must include improvement on FODDER and ANIMAL HEALTH
Component 3. Work with NAIC to ;Improve semen quality; Liquid Nitrogen plants and delivery system.
300 AI techs trained, 30% women
(Introducing ID and Farmer Feedback systems, cell phone messages.)
AI TECHS TO ID COWS PROVIDE EXTENSION SERVICES ECOURAGE THROUGH INCENTIVE SCHEME TO AI TECHS
By contrast, cows produce up to 30 liters of milk per day in the US
Processors aren’t getting enough milk – demand is higher than supply