Feed additives are non-nutritive products added to animal feed to improve feed quality, animal performance, health, and product quality. They are classified into five groups - technological, sensory, nutritional, zootechnical, and coccidiostats/histomonostats. Common feed additives include enzymes, antibiotics, ionophores, probiotics, oligosaccharides, and yeast cultures. Their modes of action include improving nutrient digestibility and availability, stabilizing rumen pH, and altering rumen microbial activity. Common uses of feed additives are to increase milk and meat production, improve feed efficiency, and reduce heat stress.

1. FEED ADITIVES, THEIR
CLASSIFICATION, MODE OF
ACTION & USES IN RUMINANTS
Submitted to: Dr. Tanveer Ahmad
Submitted by: Muhammad Umar
11-arid-959
DVM 3rd Semester

2. Feed Additives
• Non-nutritive product
• Added to feed;
 to improve the quality of feed
 to improve the animals’ performance & health
• Improve feed quality
• Affect characteristics of animal product
• Promote growth
• control disease
• Affect the color of ornamental birds and fish
• Fulfill the nutritional needs

3. Cont ……
 minimize the incidence of bloat
 Acidosis
 reduce liver abscesses
 control problems of foot rot
 control parasitic diseases

4. Classification
 Feed Additives are divided into five group.
 Technological additives
 Improve feed quality
 hygiene characteristics
 Sensory additives
 Improve the palatability of feed
 Increase the appitite

5. Cont ……
 Nutritional additive
 Provide specific nutrient to animal
 Zootechnical additives
 These additives improve the
nutrient status of the animal
 Coccidiostats and Histomonosta
 They control the intestinal health

6. Mineral as supplement
 Ca is necessary in blood coagulation
 P play role in muscle contraction,
energy production and appetite.
 Mn play role in milk production.
 Mg involve metabolism of carbohydrate
lipid and protein .
 K,Na and Cl maintain acid:base balance
and body fluid .

7. Vitamins
• Vitamin B12 is produced for ruminant animals
• Needed for;
 cell growth
 energy metabolism
 wool production
• Vitamin A play role in;
 healthy skin
 nerve tissue
 help in building up resistance to infection
 eyesight.
• Vitamin E play role in;
 normal reproduction
• Vitamin K;
 necessary for the maintenance of normal blood coagulation
• Vitamin D is necessary in;
 normal bone formation

8. Enzyme as Feed Additives
• All enzyme feed additives are considered
under the regulation by the FDA.
• Enzyme used to remove anti-nutritional factor
from feed
• increase the digestibility of existing nutrient
• They also effect gastrointestinal microflora
• on the ruminant animal itself
• Motivatethe rumen microbial synthesis of
protein and VFA production.
• Enzyme play role in fiber digestion.

9. Mode of Action
• Enzyme-mediated alteration of the feed prior to
consumption likely has ramifications on ruminal
and post-ruminal digestion of nutrients
• Enzyme act directly on feed and increases
digestive activity through effect on ruminal
microorganism
• Enzyme remain active in lower digestive track
• play role in fiber digestion
• Their main role to improve the efficiency of feed
utilization in ruminants
• reduce waste production

10. Antibiotics
• formation of bacterial cell
• causes the bursting of cell
• act on gram +ve and –ve bacteria
• Example;
Bacitracin
Streptomycin
Virginiamycin
Flavomycin

11. Ionophores
• transform the microbial fermentation
• increase the utilization of feed and gain
• Lasalocid and Monensin etc
• change the types of fatty acids
• increase capture of feed energy
• performance improves

12. Probiotics
• Opposite of antibiotics
• have a +ve effect on the host
• detoxify the harmful metabolites
• helpful in improving nutrient availability
• Use as milk replacers
• increase the growth of beneficial micro-flora
• Decrease the growth of pathogenic bacteria

13. Oligosaccharides
• Fermented in the intestine
• Nutrient source for lactic acid producing
bacteria
• Fermented by favorable bacteria
• Microbial number may be increased

14. Yeast Cultures
Progress the…
 feed efficiency
Feed gain
Health
Increased DMI
pH of rumen
nutrient digestibility

15. Uses of feed additive
• Greater milk production
• Increasing the protein and fat in milk
• Improve DMI
• Motivate VFA production
• Increase digestion
• Stabilize the rumen environment and ph

16. Cont..
• Improve growth
• Improve feed efficiency
• reduced heat stress

17. NSP
• Enhance the digesta-viscosities
• also on the intestinal microflora
• located in the cell walls
• partial hydrolysis of pentosans and ß-glucans

18. Coccidio-stat
• prevent and treat coccidiosis in livestock
• It act as ionophores.
• prevent coccidiosis in sheep and goats.

19. MGA
• Suppress estrus and Increase feed efficiency
• It elevates progesterone levels
• Inhibits the heat
• ovulation in animal

20. Buffers
• combination of acid and salt
• Decrease the rate of acidosis
• Example;
Potassium carbonate
Magnesium oxide
THANK YOU