Presented by Getnet Assefa (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research) at the Third ACGG Program Management Team Meeting, Abuja, Nigeria, 2 December 2016
Lecturer notes for metabolic diseases in Cattle.which is benificial for student of BVSc& AH/DVM and MVsc student. It is My first presentation need your feedback for more presentation like this.
Lecturer notes for metabolic diseases in Cattle.which is benificial for student of BVSc& AH/DVM and MVsc student. It is My first presentation need your feedback for more presentation like this.
The anatomy of female reproductive organs of domestic animals is described in this lecture useful for students, practitioners and aspirants of examinations
Smarter production, nutrition, and waste management, as well as increased animal welfare and better education, have the potential to decrease the impact of livestock farming on our natural resources
A common disease of cattle and may also in dog, cat, sheep, goat, mare, Buffalo. The slides contain an introduction, causes of torsion, clinical signs and symptoms, torsion causes, treatment.
The anatomy of female reproductive organs of domestic animals is described in this lecture useful for students, practitioners and aspirants of examinations
Smarter production, nutrition, and waste management, as well as increased animal welfare and better education, have the potential to decrease the impact of livestock farming on our natural resources
A common disease of cattle and may also in dog, cat, sheep, goat, mare, Buffalo. The slides contain an introduction, causes of torsion, clinical signs and symptoms, torsion causes, treatment.
Geospatial technology in animal health deliveryILRI
Presented by Catherine Pfeifer at the Workshop on the Delivery of Animal Health Services in Extensive Livestock Production Systems, Nairobi, 9-10 March 2017
Surveillance and early warning systems for climate sensitive diseases in Viet...ILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hu Suk Lee and Delia Grace at the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) Flagship 2 science meeting, New York, USA, 17 October 2016.
Keylogger e Screenlogger - Disciplina de Segurança em Sistemas para Internet, contém Introdução, O que é Spyware, Formas de Uso, O que é Keylogger, O que é Screenlogger e Como se Proteger.
The use of the term cisgenesis is an attempt to distinguish GM plants or other organisms produced in this way from transgenics that is GM plants that contain DNA from unrelated organisms. Schouten et al. (2006) introduced the term cisgenesis and defined cisgenesis as the modification in the genetic background of a recipient plant by a naturally derived gene from a cross compatible species including its introns and its native promoter and terminator flanked in the normal sense orientation. Since cisgenes shared a common gene pool available for traditional breeding the final cisgenic plant should be devoid of any kind of foreign DNA viz., selection markers and vector- backbone sequences. Sometimes the word cisgenesis is also referred to as Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer from a sexually compatible plant where only the T-DNA borders may be present in the recipient organism after transformation (EFSA, 2012). The cisgenesis precludes linkage drag, and hence, prevents hazards from unidentified hitch hiking genes (Schouten, and Jacobsen, 2008). Compared to transgenesis, one of the disadvantages shared by cisgenesis is that characters outside the sexually compatible gene pool cannot be introduced. Furthermore, development of cisgenic crops involves extraordinary proficiency and time compared to transgenic crops. Therefore, the required genes or fragments of genes may not be readily accessible but have to be isolated from the sexually compatible gene pool (Holme et al., 2013).
On 16 February 2012, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2012) reported the detail study concerning the safety aspects of cisgenic plants and validated that cisgenic plants are secure to be used in terms of environment, food and feed, similar to the traditionally bred plants. However, the present GMO regulation keeps the cisgenic micro-organisms out from its supervision. The first scientific statement of bringing forth a true plant obtained by cisgenic approach was reported in apple through the insertion of the internal scab resistance gene HcrVf2 influenced by their own regulatory genes into the cultivar Gala, a scab susceptible cultivar (Vanblaere et al., 2011). Barley with improved phytase activity was produced successfully by Holme et al. 2011, through cisgenic approach. Late blight resistant potatoes have developed by cisgene stacking of R- gene (jo et al., 2014).
Introducing the African Chicken Genetic Gains project: A platform for testing...ILRI
Presented by Tekelyohannes Berhanu, South Agricultural Research Institute, at the First ACGG Ethiopia Innovation Platform Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 3-4 August 2015
Update on the Ethiopia sheep and goats value chain development projectILRI
Presented by Barbara Rischkowsky, ICARDA, at the Ethiopia Small Ruminants Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Workshop, Addis Ababa, 13-14 June 2014
A platform for testing, delivering, and continuously improving tropically-ada...ILRI
Presented by Solomon Abegaz (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, (EIAR)) at the Second ACGG Scientific and Industrial Advisory Committee meeting, Arusha, 29 January 2016
Summary of key outcomes from the first ACGG Tanzania innovation platform (IP...ILRI
Presented by Msafiri Kessy, Tanzania Poultry Breeders Association, at the First ACGG Tanzania Innovation Platform Meeting, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 13-14 July 2015
Presented by Karen Marshall at the Piggery Production Value Chain Stakeholder Workshop for Designing a Pig Breeders’ Registration Scheme, Entebbe, Uganda, 10 May 2018
Testing and delivering tropically-adapted chickens for productivity growth i...ILRI
Testing and delivering tropically-adapted chickens for productivity growth in sub-Saharan Africa
Presented by Wondmeneh Esatu and Tadelle Dessie at the FAO-ILRI Regional Training Workshop on Proven Livestock Technologies, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 3-5 December 2018
Gender, Policy, and Socio-economic dimensions 2019/2020africa-rising
Presented by Adams Abdulai (CSIR-STEPRI), Bekele Kotu (IITA), Gundula Fischer (IITA), Kipo Jimah (IITA), and Alhassan Lansah Abdulai (CSIR-SARI) at Africa RISING Ghana Country Planning Meeting, Tamale, Ghana, and Virtual, 24 - 25 June 2020.
Presented by Irmgard Hoeschle-Zeledon, IITA, at the PCT/SAG (Program Coordination Team/Science Advisory Group) Meeting, Arusha, Tanzania, 22-23 June 2017
Smallholder farmers’ legume technology adoption preferences and contributions...ILRI
Presented by Dagmawit Getachew, Yitbarek Tegegne, Workneh Kassa, Endalkachew Wolde-meskel, Tamiru Amanu and Edward Baars at the Workshop and Exhibition on Promoting Productivity and Market Access Technologies and Approaches to Improve Farm Income and Livelihoods in Ethiopia: Lessons from Action Research Projects, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 8-9 December 2016
Asian Food and Agriculture Cooperation InitiativeExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/genetics/natcord.html
This presentation by Changyeon Cho was held at a side event during the 9th Session of the Intergovernmental Technical Working Group on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, from 6-8 July 2016 in Rome, Italy.
Similar to African Chicken Genetic Gains: ACGG-Ethiopia report (20)
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
4. Ethiopia ACGG project - Number of districts,
villages and households involved
Regions No of
Districts
No of
Villages
NO of HH
Baseline
No. of HH
On-farm
Addis Ababa 2 6 120 240
Amhara 5 15 300 600
Oromia 6 18 360 720
SNNPR 5 15 300 600
Tigray 4 9 180 360
Total 22 63 1260 2520
6. Major outcomes
• Base line data was cleaned and analyzed
• Specific production characteristics identified
• Outputs of the baseline information used as an
input to design on-farm testing
1. Base Line Survey
7. Composition of household heads by sex
80.17
87.67
83.43
75.33
67.78
80
19.83
12.33
16.57
24.67
32.22
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Addis
Ababa (n=
121)
Amhara
(n=300)
Oromia
(n=356)
Southern
Nation
(n=300)
Tigeray
(n=180)
Total (n=
1257)
%ofhouseholds
Sub-national zones
Male
Female
8. Chicken flock size per household
Sub-national
zones
Observations
(n)
Average number of
chicken per
households
Addis Ababa 121 6.4
Amhara 300 7.2
Oromia 356 11.8
SNNPR 300 7.0
Tigray 180 10.0
All sub-national 1257 9.0
9. Practice of supplementary feeding
99.17 99.67
84.59
95.67 98.9
94.3
0.83 0.33
15.41
4.33
1.1
5.7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Addis Ababa
(n=121)
Amhara
(n=300)
Oromia
(n=357)
SNNPR
(n=300)
Tigray
(n=181)
Total
(n=1259)
%ofhouseholds
Sub-national zones
Existing practice of giving supplementary feed No practice of giving supplementary feed
10. Preference traits of chicken breeds / strains by farmers
Reason for Preference %
Produces high number of eggs 29.8
Large body size & weight – for meat 12.05
Attractive / good physical appearance 10.86
Disease tolerance 8.61
Feed efficient 8.29
Produces chicks with high survival rate 7.44
Produces eggs with harder/thicker shell 7.26
Produces better tasting eggs 6.12
Lives a long time (longevity) 4.21
The meat tastes better 3.13
Good fighter 0.29
11. • All participant households / farmers in all regions
identified
• Enumerators and supervisors recruited and trained
• Four strains of chicken incubated, hatched, brooded
and distributed to the farmers
- Kuroiler and Sasso – RIR are completed
- Koekoek and Horro is ongoing
- Waiting for one additional strain (Sasso, Tanzania)
2. On-farm test - Achievements
22. • Four strains of chicken (Kuroiler, Sasso-RIR,
Horro and Koekoek) included
• Data collection going on
• Sex sorting at the end of 8 weeks done
• Preliminary information summarized
Debre Zeit and Haramaya University
• On station experiment performance testing designed
• Experimental houses maintained / renovated and
experiments started
3. On-station testing - Achievements
25. • Three national level Innovation meetings
conducted
• Involvement of stakeholders is improving
progressively
• Major challenges of the poultry value chain are
identified and prioritized
• Different taskforces established and deliver
outputs
4. IP Achievements
26. IP Achievements
• Small dose vaccine packages produced
• Policy issues along the poultry value chain were
reviewed summarized and produced for next steps
Feed issues / land, tax
health issues (quality control and extension),
Genetics (breeding policy)
Marketing and processing (sub standard products)
Manuals Feeds 2 (Amharic)
Health 1 (English)
Management 1 (Amharic) + 1 (English)
Hatchery 1 (English)
29. Innovation Platform contd.
Major issues along the poultry value chain
identified
• Making feed available and affordable
• Analysis of policy gaps relevant to poultry
• Marketing
• Training
• Animal health
• Genetics
31. Innovation Platform contd.
Lessons learnt and challenges
• Weak ownership among members of stakeholders
• Team members located far from each other
• Weak follow up from country and regional team
• Lack of resources or willingness to share resources
• Lack of willingness by most market actors to participate
• looking for immediate benefit by most of private
stakeholders
Actions taken
• Discussions held and some understandings created
• Available support on resources being arranged
• Planned to engage only those who are willing
32. 5. Capacity Building
Short term trainings
• Researchers, enumerators, supervisors, extension
agents , farmers and others
• Data collection, breeding, statistics, poultry management,
hatchery
Long term training
• 5 PhD students – All enrolled
• 10 MSc students – All enrolled
Facilities
• 152,000 eggs capacity hatchery (Gov)
• Some facilities – feeders, bulbs, etc
33. Activity Time
1
Data will be further analyzed in detail and
interpreted at regional and national level
Feb., 2017
2
Will be presented at the livestock review
forum and available for users
May, 2017
3
Will be used as an input for the follow-up
future works, like gender aspects
Feb., 2017
4 Students will also be attached to work on it July, 2017
1. Baseline Survey
Plan for the next year
34. Activity Time
1
Completing hatching brooding and
distributing of the remaining strains
May, 2017
2
Import Sasso fertile eggs from Silver-
lands, Tanzania
Dec., 2016
3
Continue with data collection and
follow ups
According to the
experimental
plans
2. On farm testing
Plan for the next year
35. Activity Time
1 Additional strains will be included January, 2017
2
Data collection will continue, eg feed
intake, growth, egg production, health
etc
According to the
experimental
plan
3
Students will be attached to work on
the on station data
February, 2017
3. On station testing
Plan for the next year
36. Activity Time
1
Strong facilitations will be made to Innovation platform
taskforces to deliver their taskforce assignments
Dec., 2017
2
Refine and encourage in involvement of appropriate
stakeholders for the 4th
IP meeting
March, 2017
3
Village level innovation platform will be strengthened
and conducted (capacity building for facilitators will be
given)
April., 2017
4
Subnational coordinators will be empowered to
actively engaged with the IP and ACGG activities
March, 2017
5 Manuals will be published March, 2017
4. Innovation Platform
Plan for the next year
37. Activity Time
1 Short term trainings will be continued
April –Jul,
2017
2
Concept notes of MSc and PhD students thesis will be
evaluated and attached to the different on farm and on
station activates of ACGG
Feb - July,
2017
3
Specialized trainings for postgraduate students will be
arranged
Aug., 2017
4
New poultry houses at Debre Zeit station will be finalized
and will be used for follow up activities (Government)
March, 2017
5. Capacity Building
Plan for the next year