The document discusses artificial insemination (AI) services in Ethiopia. It provides background on the history and successes of AI in Ethiopia, along with ongoing limitations. It identifies principles for effective AI services and describes current AI service delivery by the government and NGOs. Major constraints include lack of planning, unreliable supplies and transportation, and lack of performance monitoring. Emerging options to improve services include farmer associations and private businesses like ALPPIS, which trains technicians, imports semen, and provides advisory services. ALPPIS has seen increasing demand and good pregnancy rates in its initial operations. Challenges remain around private sector participation and meeting growing demand.

9. Distribution CLIENTS Since July 2009 Semen in doses 1 Gov. Institutions (NAIC, HARC, EMDTI) 4827 2 NGO 65 3 COOP. 200 4 Private farmers 106 5 AI Technicians 1081 Totals 6279

10. AI PERFORMANCE Area of activities NIPC Cows 1 HBDF (NAIC) 1.3 90 (32 R) 2 HARC 1.3 165 (51 R) 3 EMDTI (DZ) 1.2 48 (8 R) 4 Debre-zeit (Farmers) 1.3 179 (52 R) 5 Sululta 1.2 81 (15 R) 6 Bahir-Dar 1.1 57 (8 R) 7 Gondar 1.1 45 (3 R) Average 1.2