Presented by Tek B. Gurung and Bimal K. Nirmal at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Role of livestock in national economy and population dynamics.
Provide livelihood to 2-3rd of rural community.
Also provides employment to 8.8% of the population in India.
20.5 million people depend upon livestock for their livelihood.
Livestock contribute to 16% to the income of small farm households.
Contributes to 4.11% of GDP and 25.6% of total agriculture GDP.
The roles of livestock in achieving the sustainable development goalsILRI
Presented by Iain A Wright, Deputy Director General-Research (ILRI) at the 25 Anniversary Conference of the Ethiopian Society for Animal Production (ESAP), Haramaya, Ethiopia, 24–26 August 2017
Role of livestock in national economy and population dynamics.
Provide livelihood to 2-3rd of rural community.
Also provides employment to 8.8% of the population in India.
20.5 million people depend upon livestock for their livelihood.
Livestock contribute to 16% to the income of small farm households.
Contributes to 4.11% of GDP and 25.6% of total agriculture GDP.
The roles of livestock in achieving the sustainable development goalsILRI
Presented by Iain A Wright, Deputy Director General-Research (ILRI) at the 25 Anniversary Conference of the Ethiopian Society for Animal Production (ESAP), Haramaya, Ethiopia, 24–26 August 2017
Care and Management of Pregnant Cows and EwesPervaiz Dar
Pregnancy is central to care and management of animals. Healthy Pregnant Animals means a Healthy and Prosperous Farm. Pregnant animals need special care for example they need suitable ration to reduce the possibility of diseases like milk fever and ketosis at the time of calving and also to ensure adequate milk production. There are other aspects which need to be cared about pregnant animals which we discuss in this presentation.
Livestock marketing and supply chain management of livestock products ILRI
Presented by Steven J. Staal as a keynote address at the 74th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Maharashtra, India, 18-20 December 2014
Presented by Muhammad Farooq Tareen at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Non leguminous fodder-
1) Maize (Zea mays): Maize forage is more nutritious at milk stage. It is non leguminous kharif crop . it is a maintenance type fodder having 8-10% protein.
2) Jowar/sorghum (Sorghum Vulgare): Green jower contain 0.5% DCP,16% TDN, 0.13% Ca and 0.03% Phosphorus. For feeding of livestock it should be harvested at 50% flowering stage.
3) Bajra or Pearl Millet (Pennesetum typhoids) : It is harvested before flowering stage for feeding the animals. It contain 13% TDN and 0.9% DCP.
4) Oats (Avena sativa) : This is the non leguminous crop of the rabi season .It is the best crop for hay making. It is a maintenance type fodder having 7-9 % CP and 55 % TDN.
Leguminous fodder :
1) Berseem (Trifolium alexandrium): Berseem is one of the most important cultivated crop of India. Kashni is the weed crop grown along with berseem. It is grown in rabi season. It contain 15% CP and 60 % TDN. But excessive intake of berseem may lead to bloat condition.
2) Lucerne (Medicago sativa) : this is the productive type fodder it contain 12-15% CP and 55- 60 % TDN
3) Lobia or Cow pea (Vigna sinensis ): It contains on an average 15% CP and 30 % crude fiber on dry matter basis.
Concentrate:
1) Cereal grains- The cereal grains are high in starch and low in fibre. The DCP range between 7-10 % and TDN from 70-80%. The cereals are all deficient in Ca containing less than 1g/kg DM. the Phosphorus content is higher being 3-5g/kg . the cereal grains are deficient in Vitamin D.
2) Barley (Hordeum sativum): Barley being the second main rabi crop of India. It contains 7-8 percent DCP and 75-80 percent TDN, 0.07 percent Ca and 0.28 percent P. Barley is deficient in vitamin A, D and riboflavin but rich in niacin content.
3) Maize (Zea mays): Maize contains 7 percent DCP and 80 percent TDN. The yellow maize contains enough amount of carotene, hence good for feeding of livestock and poultry birds. It is deficient in lysine and methionine. Maize contains about 730 gm starch/ Kg DM, is very low in fibre and has a high metabolised energy value.
4) Gram: Gram contains 12 to 16 percent DCP and 78 percent TDN. Animals have great liking for this grain and so, used for preparing the concentrate mixture for feeding the livestock.
5) Jowar: Whole grains are usually fed to chickens. It contains 7 percent DCP and 74 percent TDN and high percentage of leucine.
In India, as not much of attention is paid so far as to this important aspect- animal housing, we find different types of animal houses constructed without careful planning and designing.
The Livestock Sector in India: Progress and Challenges by Vijay Sardana, Poultry Federation of India.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Feed is very vital part in the animal nutrition. The classification pertains to a clear cut stratification in terms of their nutrient content mainly depending upon the digestible crude protein content.
Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique large bovine species that is genetically different from cattle and buffalo with diploid chromosome number 58. It is endemic to four northeastern states viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoranm and Nagaland. Mithun is reared mainly for meat purposes. Though it gives 1 - 1.5 liters of high-quality milk. Due to continuous efforts of ICAR-NRC on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, this unique species is getting popularized. More and more framers are adopting a semi-intensive rearing model developed by ICAR-NRC on Mithun. If reared scientifically on a commercial scale, Mithun husbandry can fetch good income for the farmers and help in doubling farmers' income.
This presentation covers the Introduction to ruminants, Importance scope and challenges for ruminant production in nepal & status of ruminat production in nepal. Hope this will be helpful for BSc Ag undergraduates
Care and Management of Pregnant Cows and EwesPervaiz Dar
Pregnancy is central to care and management of animals. Healthy Pregnant Animals means a Healthy and Prosperous Farm. Pregnant animals need special care for example they need suitable ration to reduce the possibility of diseases like milk fever and ketosis at the time of calving and also to ensure adequate milk production. There are other aspects which need to be cared about pregnant animals which we discuss in this presentation.
Livestock marketing and supply chain management of livestock products ILRI
Presented by Steven J. Staal as a keynote address at the 74th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Maharashtra, India, 18-20 December 2014
Presented by Muhammad Farooq Tareen at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
Non leguminous fodder-
1) Maize (Zea mays): Maize forage is more nutritious at milk stage. It is non leguminous kharif crop . it is a maintenance type fodder having 8-10% protein.
2) Jowar/sorghum (Sorghum Vulgare): Green jower contain 0.5% DCP,16% TDN, 0.13% Ca and 0.03% Phosphorus. For feeding of livestock it should be harvested at 50% flowering stage.
3) Bajra or Pearl Millet (Pennesetum typhoids) : It is harvested before flowering stage for feeding the animals. It contain 13% TDN and 0.9% DCP.
4) Oats (Avena sativa) : This is the non leguminous crop of the rabi season .It is the best crop for hay making. It is a maintenance type fodder having 7-9 % CP and 55 % TDN.
Leguminous fodder :
1) Berseem (Trifolium alexandrium): Berseem is one of the most important cultivated crop of India. Kashni is the weed crop grown along with berseem. It is grown in rabi season. It contain 15% CP and 60 % TDN. But excessive intake of berseem may lead to bloat condition.
2) Lucerne (Medicago sativa) : this is the productive type fodder it contain 12-15% CP and 55- 60 % TDN
3) Lobia or Cow pea (Vigna sinensis ): It contains on an average 15% CP and 30 % crude fiber on dry matter basis.
Concentrate:
1) Cereal grains- The cereal grains are high in starch and low in fibre. The DCP range between 7-10 % and TDN from 70-80%. The cereals are all deficient in Ca containing less than 1g/kg DM. the Phosphorus content is higher being 3-5g/kg . the cereal grains are deficient in Vitamin D.
2) Barley (Hordeum sativum): Barley being the second main rabi crop of India. It contains 7-8 percent DCP and 75-80 percent TDN, 0.07 percent Ca and 0.28 percent P. Barley is deficient in vitamin A, D and riboflavin but rich in niacin content.
3) Maize (Zea mays): Maize contains 7 percent DCP and 80 percent TDN. The yellow maize contains enough amount of carotene, hence good for feeding of livestock and poultry birds. It is deficient in lysine and methionine. Maize contains about 730 gm starch/ Kg DM, is very low in fibre and has a high metabolised energy value.
4) Gram: Gram contains 12 to 16 percent DCP and 78 percent TDN. Animals have great liking for this grain and so, used for preparing the concentrate mixture for feeding the livestock.
5) Jowar: Whole grains are usually fed to chickens. It contains 7 percent DCP and 74 percent TDN and high percentage of leucine.
In India, as not much of attention is paid so far as to this important aspect- animal housing, we find different types of animal houses constructed without careful planning and designing.
The Livestock Sector in India: Progress and Challenges by Vijay Sardana, Poultry Federation of India.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Feed is very vital part in the animal nutrition. The classification pertains to a clear cut stratification in terms of their nutrient content mainly depending upon the digestible crude protein content.
Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a unique large bovine species that is genetically different from cattle and buffalo with diploid chromosome number 58. It is endemic to four northeastern states viz., Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoranm and Nagaland. Mithun is reared mainly for meat purposes. Though it gives 1 - 1.5 liters of high-quality milk. Due to continuous efforts of ICAR-NRC on Mithun, Medziphema, Nagaland, this unique species is getting popularized. More and more framers are adopting a semi-intensive rearing model developed by ICAR-NRC on Mithun. If reared scientifically on a commercial scale, Mithun husbandry can fetch good income for the farmers and help in doubling farmers' income.
This presentation covers the Introduction to ruminants, Importance scope and challenges for ruminant production in nepal & status of ruminat production in nepal. Hope this will be helpful for BSc Ag undergraduates
Sustainable animal husbandry practices for Kerala_ Dr Prem Jain (The Kerala E...India Water Portal
This presentation by Dr Prem Jain, Deputy Director, Animal Husbandry Department, Kerala provided information on sustainable animal husbandary practices relevant for Kerala
Beef Cattle Production and Wealth Creation: Evidence from Improved Boran Catt...Premier Publishers
The study was conducted to assess Improved Boran production and their crosses under ranching conditions. Growth performance, reproductive performance, carcass traits and their profitability were analyzed using primary data from Beef Research Institute, Lanet Centre and secondary data from desktop study. Cash flow analysis was used to compute the profitability of Improved Borans under free range production system as well as a hypothetical case of intensive system. The Boran breeding bulls, steers, were identified as the major receipts. The Centre reported the average birth, weaning, and yearling steer weights of Improved Boran at 26.8kg, 149kg (7 months) and 202 kg respectively. Yearling steer weights for Boran crossed with Sahiwal weighed 207kg. Calve survival rate was 94.20% and 95.2% for Improved Boran and Boran crossed with Sahiwal respectively. A gross profit at 99.8% and 98.6% of total unit operating cost for Improved Boran and Boran crosses enterprises respectively was reported under free range system. A hypothetical case of 100 Improved Boran steers under feedlotting for three months reported gross profit at 65.6% of total unit operating cost. However, the unit cost of production in free range system was lower than intensive and the entrepreneur should seize the opportunity of economics of scale.
Livestock Improvement Under Small and Marginal Farmers House Hold in West B...Dr.Shabahat Mumtaz
Speaker : Shabahat Mumtaz Dated: 03-06-2017
ABSTRACT
West Bengal lies in lower gangetic plain region of India. The average annual rainfall lies between 100-200 cm and temperature varies from 26°C- 41°C in summer and 9°C - 24°C in winter. The region has adequate storage of ground water, rice is the main cereal crop followed by jute, maize, potato, and pulses are other important crops. Livestock generating employment, income and has become an important component of rural development programmes i.e., “Equity and extending benefits directly to women” making a significant contribution to the national economy and socio-economic development. West Bengal contributing 3.89 % of the State domestic product (SDP) and nearly 20.34% of its agriculture production. The buffalos of this region are few, non-descript, less productive and poorly developed. Women play a major role in livestock production and most small marginal and landless rural farmers traditionally rear goat, sheep, poultry, cattle and buffalo, as they generally follow the extensive management system, primarily poor natural vegetation and crop stubbles, without any supplementation. By virtue of high fecundity and better productivity, goat assured income to the rural population with low input cost in diverse agro-climatic condition. Augmentation of production and productivity is the most challenging constraint and availability of feed and fodder is another serious constraint. All livestock and poultry are indigenous and low-productive these stand in the way of the effective growth of this sector. Animal resources development department, Govt. of West Bengal is basically responsible for formulation and implementation of Livestock and Poultry policies and programmes and has been providing assistance to the State Government for the control of animal diseases, scientific management and up-gradation of genetic resources, sustainable development of processing and marketing facilities and enhancement of production and profitability of livestock enterprises.
Experiences in community-based genetic improvement using oestrus synchronizationILRI
Presented by Azage Tegegne at the IPMS Workshop on Alternatives for Improving Field AI Delivery System to Enhance Beef and Dairy Production in Ethiopia, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 24-25 August 2011
Experiences and Success of Conserving the last one thousand Jakar sheep in Bh...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/genetics/natcord.html
This presentation by Jigme Dorji was held at a side event during the 9th Session of the Intergovernmental Technical Working Group on Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, from 6-8 July 2016 in Rome, Italy.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Priority areas of livestock sector for strengthening food and nutrition security in Nepal
1. Priority Areas of Livestock Sector for Strengthening
Food & Nutrition Security in Nepal
Tek B Gurung and Bimal K Nirmal
Nepal Agricultural Research Council
ILRI workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and
development
Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
2. To give an overview on status and priorities of livestock sector
Objectives
2
3. Longitude: 850 E, Latitude:
270 N Lowest Altitude: 64
m
Total Area: 1,47,181 sq km
Nepal : Altitude & Animal Breeds Distribution
Mt. Everest 8848 m
TERAI
SIWALIK
HIMALAYA
ALPINE
SUB
ALPINE
COOL
TEMP-
ERATE
SUB
TROPIC
AL
Upper limit of
grazing
Upper limit of Yak,
Chauri, Sheep,
Horse
( Holstein-Friesian,
Jersey
Lulu, Achhami &
other cattle, goat,
sheep, poultry
birds
Holstein-Friesian,
Jersey
Parkote, Lime,
Murrah, Poultry, Pig
5000
4000
3000
1000
2000
HIGH
MOUNTAIN
WARM
TEMP-
ERATE
ARCTIC
MIDDLE
MOUNTAIN
Holstein-Friesian,
Jersey, Murrah, goat,
sheep, pig poultry
Meter
China
India
Population : 29.73 million (2018), 36 million by 2050.
4. • Per capita income 1000US$
• Livestock contributing ~11% to NGDP
(MoLD 2017).
• Population growth rate 1.13% (2016)
• Population in Agriculture 65.6%
• Without livestock small farmers
cannot sustain
• ~10-20% of livestock farmers may be
commercial
• The highest ratio of livestock to
humans in Asia (5.8 heads of livestock &
poultry/ household).
• Cattle - as sacred animal
• Goat, poultry & pig- sacrificed in
ceremonies.
Livestock sector in Nepal
4
5. 5
Malnutrition in Nepal
Source: https://www.wfp.org/countries/nepal/overview
• ~36% of children suffer from stunting,
• ~10% from wasting,
• ~ 53% from anemia,
• ~ 41% of women of reproductive age suffer from anemia,
• ~ 17% from long term energy deficiencies (source : http://www.nnfsp.gov.np/)
• Malnutrition slows economic growth and perpetuate for poverty
through direct losses in productivity (World Bank 2017).
• GDP lost due to malnutrition can be reach as high as 2-3%.
• The GoN targets to reduce the rate of stunting from 36 to 24% by
the year 2025 and to 14% by 2030.
7. Challenges & Priorities : Livestock Sector
• Import substitution is the
great challenge.
• Despite of high number of
animals, poor genetics,
nutrition, value chain,
health and small holdings
etc. causing low
productivity.
• Climate change impacting
feed availability, animal
health and reproduction.
7
3
8
13
18
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
AnnualAveMinTemp
(oC)
Year
Min. temp trend in 3 Eco Zones
Mountain min Hill min Terai min
16
21
26
31
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
AnnualAve.Max.Tem(0C)
Year
Max Temp Trend in 3 Eco-Zones
Mountain Max Hill Max Terai Max
Source : NASRI (2014)
8. • 58 directives by Hon. Minister
• Self sufficiency in egg, meat &
milk production
• Genetic improvement by:
• Doubling the improved breeds
by 2020.
• Promotion of AI activities
• Prioritizing frozen semen
production of improved breed
• Value chain promotion
• Emphasis on pasture based
livestock development
• 4 mission programs, forage,
goat, pig & pork
• DCIP, BGIP Collaboration (DLS &
NARC)
Priorities
5 Pillars of Breeding Policy
9. Livestock Research in NARC
• National Cattle Res. Program
• National Buffalo Res. Program
• Mountain Agriculture Research
Institute
• Pasture & Fodder Res. Station,
Rasuwa
• Goat Res. Station, Bandipur
• Sheep & Goat Res. Program
• Swine and Poultry Res. Program
• Animal Breeding Division
• Animal Nutrition Division
• Pasture & Forage Division
• Animal Health Res. Division
• Fisheries Res. Division
RARS Tarahara
• Swine Unit,
• Poultry Unit,
• Pasture Unit
ARS. Pakhribas, Dhankuta
• Goat, Swine, Poultry, Rabbit
RARS Parwanipur
• Poultry Unit
RARS Lumle
• Sheep, Goat, Rabbit,
RARS Nepalgunj
• Goat, Sheep, Pasture
RARS, Doti
• Cattle
• 11 Cost Centers
• 8 Research Units
15. Using CIDR (progesterone) and Folligon
(PMSG) hormone female goat after
synchronization the conceiving rate
reached up to 55%.
AI Technology in Goat
16. Ex-situ Conservation of Bampudke
pig
Bampudke pig in far west/mid west
Photo: Bhola Shrestha (ABRD)
Local Pig Breed Improvement
75% wild boar cross
17. Use of fresh semen for AI in pigs
Use of fresh semen in pigs of
farmers achieved 84% success rate
performed in 115 pigs.
18. Black Colored Pig Development
18
Photo: ABRD
After Pakhribas Black Pig, Now (Duroc x Nagpuri) crossed black pig
22. 677
827 866
Per day BW gain, in gm
Formula A
Maize flour – 41%
Rice - 20%
Mustard Cake - 25%
Min Mix – 1%
Molasses – 10
Urea – 2%
Salt – 1%
- Feed - 25% (Formula A)
- Green Grass - 55%
- Rice straw 20%
528
A B C D
23. Baseline Data on Zoonotic Diseases
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
brucella
bluetongue
toxoplasmosis
cysticercosis
leptosiporisis
LPAI
disease
mountains
hills
terai
Frequency
23Photo: AHRD
24. Rye Grass Dhunche Oat Amritdhara
Berseem Green Gold Oat Nandini
Recently Released Forage Crop (May 24th, 2015)
24Photo: Kishor Shrestha (PFRD)
(Potential milk, meat, wool, production has been masked due to insufficient fodders & pasture)
25. Forage Varieties in Pipeline for Registration
(2015)
Cocksfoot-Rasuwa
Oat-Swan
Teosenti-sirsa Berseem-Mescavi 25
Photo: Kishor Shrestha (PFRD)
26. Forage Varieties in Pipeline for Registration
(2015)
Cocksfoot-Rasuwa
Oat-Swan
Teosenti-sirsa Berseem-Mescavi 26
Photo: Kishor Shrestha (PFRD)
30. Sugarcane Silage & Baggase – for
Ruminant
- Sugarcane tops silage -
with 1 % urea (31%
increased in milk
production)
- Sugarcane baggase silage –
with 1-2 % urea + 0.5%
mineral mixture .
- Dry period feeding
in ruminant).
30
Photo: ANRD
31. Climate Resilient Technologies
Urea Molasses Mineral Block
(UMMB) reduces CH4 Gas in the
Rumen by > 2 times (7 Vs. 17%)
31
Photo: ANRD
Total Mix Ration (TMR) Technology
• Integrated TMR block enhanced 15%
of milk production
• For TMR block 17% Maize flakes
• Rice bran 10%
• Soya powder 15%
• Grass 35%
• Straw 20%
• Lime 1%
• Salt 2%
32. • Modernization of R&D facilities along with quality human
resources.
• Urgent need to formulate a national livestock policy.
• So that Nepal can sustainably increase livestock
productivity and production by diversification,
commercialization and conservation etc.
• An ILRI office in Nepal could help in achieving Nepal’
livestock sectors priorities.
Conclusion