ADC - Analog to Digital Conversion on AVR microcontroller Atmega16
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Robo India in this PPT is explaining on the most crucial and important aspect of Embedded system, robotics, automation and physical computing. Analog to digital conversion is required in almost every project of above mentioned domain. One advantage to use a AVR micro controller is that it has inbuilt ADC thus we donot need to use external system for ADC. Here Robo India is teaching how to use ADC in AVR series microcontrollers. We welcome your views and queries, we are found at- website: http://roboindia.com mail- info@roboindia.com
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This document discusses analog to digital converters (ADCs). It defines an ADC as a device that converts analog signals to digital signals. It notes that embedded systems often involve analog signals that need to be converted to digital for processing by microcontrollers. The document describes the basic components and functions of an ADC, including registers like the ADMUX and ADCSRA. It outlines several types of ADCs, including counter type, integrating type, parallel type, and successive approximation type. It concludes by mentioning some applications of ADCs like music recording and digital signal processing.
ADC.pdf
WhatIs.com
DEFINITION
analog-to-digital conversion (ADC)
Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is an electronic process in which a continuously variable, or analog, signal is changed into a multilevel digital signal without altering its essential content.
Paul Kirvan
13 Jul 2022
What is analog-to-digital conversion (ADC)?
Analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) is an electronic process in which a continuously variable, or analog, signal is changed into a multilevel digital signal without altering its essential content.
An analog-to-digital converter changes an analog signal that's continuous in terms of both time and amplitude to a digital signal that's discrete in terms of both time and amplitude. The analog input to a converter consists of a voltage that varies among a theoretically infinite number of values. Examples are sine waves, the waveforms representing human speech and the signals from a conventional television camera.
The output of the analog-to-digital converter has defined levels or states. The number of states is almost always a power of two -- that is, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. The simplest digital signals have only two states and are called binary. All whole numbers can be represented in binary form as strings of ones and zeros.
Diagram of how a digital converter works
Analog-to-digital conversion changes continuous analog signals to discrete digital ones.
Why is digitization important?
Digital signals propagate more efficiently than analog signals, largely because digital impulses are well defined and orderly. They're also easier for electronic circuits to distinguish from noise, which is chaotic. That is the chief advantage of digital communication modes.
Computers "talk" and "think" in terms of binary digital data. While a microprocessor can analyze analog data, it must be converted into digital form for the computer to make sense of it.
A typical telephone modem makes use of ADC to convert the incoming audio from a twisted-pair line into signals the computer can understand. In a digital signal processing system, an analog-to-digital converter is required if the input signal is analog.
What is the Nyquist theorem and why is it important?
The Nyquist or sampling theorem describes analog-to-digital conversion. It enables the reproduction of a pure sine wave measurement, which is also known as the sample rate.
The way people experience the world is mostly analog; think sound and light waves. For these signals to be used in computing, they must be converted to digital ones. However, digital electronics works in discrete numbers. To convert an analog signal to a digital one, measurements must be sampled at a regular frequency. The sample rate must be at least twice its frequency. This approach is used in digital audio and video to reduce aliasing, or the production of a false frequency.
A sample rate that is too low won't accurately depict the original signal; it will be distorted or have aliasing when reproduced. A rate that is very .
analog to digital converter.ppt
The document discusses analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), including what they are, the conversion process from analog to digital signals, examples of ADC applications, and different types of ADCs such as successive approximation, flash, dual slope, and delta-sigma ADCs. It also provides details on the ADC subsystem and registers of the MC9S12C32 microcontroller.
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A 1.2V 10-bit 165MSPS Video ADC
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Lec08
1. The document discusses various peripherals like DAC, ADC and displays and how they are interfaced with microprocessors. It explains the basic concepts of D/A and A/D conversion like resolution, reference voltage, settling time etc.
2. It also describes different interfacing techniques like memory mapped I/O, interrupt driven I/O and DMA. Examples of interfacing DAC and 7-segment displays with 8085 microprocessor are also provided.
3. Various display technologies like 7-segment, dot matrix displays that are used as output devices are explained along with their working principles.
Successive approximation adc
The successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) uses a binary search algorithm to iteratively approximate the digital output value for an analog input signal. For each bit, it outputs a value from the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) based on the previous bits, compares this to the input, and sets the current bit accordingly. This process is repeated for all bits until the full digital output value is determined. SAR ADCs are well suited for applications requiring 8-16 bit resolution at sampling rates under 10 megasamples per second, as they have low power consumption and a small physical size but trade off in maximum sampling speed.
Interfacing to the analog world
The document discusses analog to digital conversion. It explains that analog signals are continuous while digital signals are discrete in both time and amplitude. It describes how analog signals are converted to digital using sample and hold circuits, quantization, and encoding. The conversion process filters the analog signal, takes samples at regular time intervals, rounds samples to the nearest digital value, and encodes samples into binary format. The document also provides examples of analog to digital converters and discusses considerations like resolution, dynamic range, and signal conditioning.
dsd.pptx
This document discusses digital to analog converters (DACs). It begins by defining analog and digital signals and what a DAC is. It then describes two common types of DACs: (1) weighted resistor DACs, which use a series of weighted resistors to convert digital codes to analog voltages; and (2) R-2R ladder DACs, which only require two resistor values and are easier to implement accurately. The document concludes by listing some applications of DACs such as digital audio players, signal generators, and motor controllers.
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UNIT 4 & 5 - I nterfacing_Lecture7.pptx
The document discusses analog sensor interfacing and analog to digital conversion. It explains that physical quantities in the real world are analog while computers use digital values, so an analog to digital converter (ADC) is used to convert analog sensor signals to digital values. It then describes the characteristics of ADCs like resolution, conversion time, reference voltage, and output data format. It provides examples of calculating the step size and digital output for different resolutions and reference voltages. Finally, it discusses different types of sensors, interfacing techniques for sensors, displays, and relays with microcontrollers.
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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- 4. ROBO INDIA
- 6. • Are all CONTINUOUS time signals ANALOG ? • All continuous time signals are analog but all analog signals are not continuous time ROBO INDIA
- 8. • The ADC converts an analog input voltage to a 10-bit digital value through successive approximation. • The minimum value represents GND and the maximum value represents the voltage on the AREF pin minus 1 LSB ROBO INDIA
- 9. 𝐴𝐷𝐶 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 . 1024 𝑉 𝑟𝑒𝑓 ROBO INDIA
- 11. • What's wrong with totally analog ? • Ans – Two arrows in a Quiver is always better than one ROBO INDIA
- 12. A digital signal is superior to an analog signal because it is more robust to noise and can easily be recovered, corrected and amplified. For this reason, the tendency today is to change an analog signal to digital data ROBO INDIA
- 13. ROBO INDIA
- 14. ROBO INDIA
- 15. ReadADCX() { ADMUX=0x4X; ADCSRA=0x86; SETBIT(ADCSRA,BIT(6)); while(!(ADCSRA & (1<<ADIF))); s=ADC; return(s); } NOTE: X can take value from 0 to 7 ROBO INDIA
- 16. • ADMUX = 0x4X • Let x = 1 ⇒ ADMUX = 0x41 ⇒ ADMUX = 01000001 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ROBO INDIA
- 17. • REFS1 = 0 • REFS0 = 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ROBO INDIA
- 18. The ADLAR bit affects the presentation of the ADC conversion result in the ADC Data Register. • ADLAR = 0 ⇒ LEFT ADJUST • ADLAR = 1 ⇒ RIGHT ADJUST 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ROBO INDIA
- 19. • MUX4..0 = 00001 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ROBO INDIA
- 20. ReadADCX() { ADMUX=0x4X; // DONE ADCSRA=0x86; SETBIT(ADCSRA,BIT(6)); while(!(ADCSRA & (1<<ADIF))); s=ADC; return(s); } NOTE: X can take value from 0 to 7 ROBO INDIA
- 21. • ADCSRA = 0x86 • Let x = 1 ⇒ ADCSRA = 0x41 ⇒ ADCSRA = 10000110 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ROBO INDIA
- 22. • BIT 7 • ADEN ⇒ ADC Enable bit • ADEN = 1 ⇒ Enable ADC • ADEN = 0 ⇒ Disable ADC 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ROBO INDIA
- 23. • BIT 6 • ADSC - Write this bit to one to start each conversion 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ROBO INDIA
- 24. • BIT 4 • ADIF - This bit is set when an ADC conversion completes 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ROBO INDIA
- 25. ADPS2..0 = 110 ⇒ Division factor is 64 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 ROBO INDIA
- 26. ReadADCX() { ADMUX=0x4X; // DONE ADCSRA=0x86; // DONE SETBIT(ADCSRA,BIT(6)); // DONE while(!(ADCSRA & (1<<ADIF))); s=ADC; return(s); } NOTE: X can take value from 0 to 7 ROBO INDIA